Bibliography: leaves 105-111. / The study set out to establish the extent to which the needs of Community's were taken into consideration in the formulation of Social Welfare Policy. The Structure in the Government service is such that Policy's are formulated by top management. Top management in the Government Service is constituted by the Ministry. When the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly sits the Minister at one of these sessions delivers the policy speech. This policy is disseminated to the Community through the Department's Secretary by the Civil Servants. As Social Workers are concerned in their delivery of Social Welfare Services about minimising problematic situations, the study will examine the role played by Social Workers in the formulation of Social Welfare Policy. The involvement of Social Workers in policy formulation is seen as a helpful tool in enabling them to play the advocacy role. Their contribution would enable the policy formulation to have an idea about issues that policy must address.

Bibliography: pages 232-241. / This study examines the issue of programme evaluation and places it within the context of the Western Cape region of Operation Hunger. Data for this study was collected over a six month period of participant observation at Operation Hunger, during which time a programme evaluation model was developed and implemented. The focus of this study is not so much the evaluation model which was developed, but rather how the model developed from the theory of illuminative evaluation to the Operation Hunger Evaluation Model. In discussing and exploring this process several strands are developed. A central theme is that it is not possible to transpose theory and experience from one context to another without firstly understanding the historical specificity within which programme evaluation developed and secondly, understanding the historical context in which it is to be applied. A second strand identifies five possible evaluation approaches for use in the South African context and applies a model useful in choosing theoretical evaluation approaches for the purposes of application. A final aspect of this study indicates how the theory of the illuminative approach was interpreted and developed into the practice of the Operation Hunger Evaluation Model.

Bibliography: p. 155-160. / The Emil Weder High School is in the small rural town of Genadendal, which is situated about 150 kilometres south-east of Cape Town, near Caledon. While doing field work for the Education Foundation early in 1994, one of the schools I Weder High School. It was the last of visited was Emil six House of Representatives schools that I visited, and I immediately noticed a difference at Emil Weder, compared to the other schools. The school buildings and surrounding fields and gardens were very neat and well maintained, the students were neatly dressed and very polite· and the staff were far friendlier than we had previously encountered. My initial impressions of a well-run school were confirmed, when I found out that the school is achieving outstanding academic and extra-mural results. I naturally assumed that this was the norm at the school and was very surprised to find out that it was, in fact, a fairly new phenomenon and that as recently as 1990 the school had experienced student unrest, boycotts, vandalism, gang activities and very poor academic results (in 1990 only 48% of their matriculants passed). Yet, in 1991 the pass rate was 88%, in 1992 it was 100% and last year they had a 98,8% pass rate (one failure). The topic to be researched Based on the above information I developed the hypothesis that certain school-level policy changes had occurred at Emil Weder from 1990 onwards which had led to the establishment of a culture of learning at Emil Weder High School. The purpose of my study was to find out whether policies had in fact changed at the school, and to what extent these new policies could explain the dramatic improvement in Matriculation results at the school. The study was conducted in two distinct phases, one in March 1994 and the other in September 1994. The initial study formed part of the Education Foundation and served to give an overview of how the school operated at the time. The follow-up study took much longer as it involved conducting in-depth interviews with teachers, ex-students and parents. The study revealed that by adopting a multi-level approach to improving the school, with the achievement of better Matriculation results being the major area of focus, the school not only improved these results, but that the school also started achieving better outputs in other areas as well.

Bibliography : pages 127-135. / This study examines Human Service Organisations and community organisations operating in Mbekweni during the period January to June 1988. These organisations were examined in order to identify the characteristics that distinguish them from each other in as far as service delivery is concerned. The community based organisations were found to be orientated towards mutual-aid and self-help model whilst the Human Service organisations were orientated towards the service model. This study will also highlight the complex nature of Mbekweni which has been approached by different organisations delivering social services. An integrated developmental model is proposed that could form the basis for private voluntary human service organisations. The model is based on: the participation by beneficiaries of services being involved in the decision making process; and the client of this approach being the group or community. The delivery of services would take place in and by groups. An important element in the model would be the inclusion of trained Developmental Workers who would act as enablers, facilitators, educators and resource persons. This model will emphasise factors that could be incorporated in the designing, planning and administration of private voluntary human service organisations operating in black urbanising communities.

This thesis attempts to construct a cross-section of governance with a critical viewpoint and an interdisciplinary approach, with a focus to planning. Governance is discussed by underlining the diversity of the underlying processes in social sciences, regarding various recent and important aspects of theoretical and conceptual discussions and subsequently rendering them measurable within the framework of the planning agenda. This thesis constitutes an effort in planning whereby the common denominator focuses on the characteristics and implementations of &lsquo / communicative&rsquo / , &lsquo / multi-actor&rsquo / , &lsquo / good&rsquo / and &lsquo / participatory governance&rsquo / within the planning domain. Attempt has been made to evaluate the changing nature of the state-society interaction in Turkey, the transformation processes induced by social and economic restructuring and the democratization movements with respect to the implementation of governance mechanisms and principles. The main themes of the governance agenda in Turkey, the sources of the governance debate and its legitimacy have been set forth for discussion. Attempt has been made to investigate governance as a critical instrument and from a process management perspective within the context of planning and public administration. This investigation has been conducted in view of the theoretical and of the conceptual discussions related to governance, within a comparative framework, with special reference to the K&ouml / ykent approach and the rural development literature.

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado (DRSAI) continuam presentes em áreas metropolitanas no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Analisar as hospitalizações por DRSAI na rede pública da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA)/RS de 2010 a 2014. MÉTODOS: Análise das hospitalizações com diagnóstico principal dos códigos CID-10 correspondente às DRSAI a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares SIH/SUS, disponíveis publicamente. RESULTADOS: Do total de 13.929 hospitalizações por DRSAI de residentes na RMPA, no período de 2010 a 2014, a maioria relaciona-se às doenças de transmissão feco-oral como diagnóstico principal. Dentre as internações, o maior número (20,4%) corresponde ao de crianças de 1 a 4 anos de idade (28,1 hospitalizações/10.000 hab./ano). As internações por 10.000hab./ano variam de 1,4 em Glorinha e Nova Santa Rita a 27,6, em Triunfo. A taxa de letalidade hospitalar pode ser avaliada como baixa, pois a cada 100 internações ocorrem 2,2 óbitos, mas se considerarmos que esse tipo de doença é evitável e que não deveria gerar internação temos um número expressivo. Dentre as causas de óbito segundo CID-10, as mais frequentes foram as doenças de transmissão feco-oral. A utilização de UTI atingiu 2,0% (284), cujo destaque foram as hospitalizações por leptospirose, com uso de UTI em 13,2%. O gasto total com as internações foi cerca de R$ 6,1 milhões. O valor médio de internação mais elevado foi no município de Viamão (R$ 626,82) e o mais baixo em Alvorada (R$ 258,36). Entre todos os municípios da RMPA, São Sebastião do Caí foi o município com maior percentual (100%) de internações dos próprios residentes no total de internações por DRSAI. CONCLUSÃO: Ainda hoje as DRSAI são um importante problema para saúde pública e, por meio de trabalhos como este, é possível mapear a situação para promoção de ações para seu devido enfrentamento e melhor alocação de recursos. / INTRODUCTION: Diseases Related to Inadequate Environmental Sanitation (DRSAI, in Portuguese) still represent a burden in metropolitan areas in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hospitalizations for DRSAI in the public health network of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (MRPA)/RS during 2010-2014. METHODS: Analysis of hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of ICD-10 codes corresponding at DRSAI of a national public hospitalization basis (SIH / SUS). RESULTS: We found 13,929 hospitalizations for DRSAI of the MRPA´s residents during 2010-2014, most related to feco-oral transmission diseases as first-listed diagnosis. The largest number (20.4%) among the admissions corresponded to children 1 to 4 years old (28.1 hospitalizations / 10,000 inh/year). The admissions (10.000 inh/year) ranged from 1.4 in Glorinha and Nova Santa Rita up to 27.6 in Triunfo. The hospital mortality rate was low, for each 100 admissions deaths occur in 2.2, but if we consider that this kind of disease is preventable and should not generate hospitalization, it may represent a significant number. Among death causes according to ICD-10, feco-oral transmission disease was the most frequent. Use of Intensive Care Unity (ICU) reached 284 hospitalizations (2.0%) and Leptospirosis with ICU use was the highest (13.2%). Total expenditure on hospital admissions was approximately R$ 6.1 million. The average hospital stay cost was higher in Viamão (R $ 626.82) and lowest in Alvorada (R$ 258.36). Among all municipalities of MRPA, Sao Sebastião do Cai had the highest percentage (100%) of admissions of residents own a total of hospitalizations for DRSAI. CONCLUSIONS: DRSAIs are still today a major problem for public health, and that through research like this, it´s possible to map the situation for promoting actions for their proper coping and better resource allocation.

p. 1-156 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T17:40:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 635165 bytes, checksum: bc6484aa1d22996d0a583516a1f269cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 635165 bytes, checksum: bc6484aa1d22996d0a583516a1f269cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 635165 bytes, checksum: bc6484aa1d22996d0a583516a1f269cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A inserção da saúde bucal no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem sido marcada por conflitos e contradições desde a sua criação. Esta tese, apresentada na forma de três artigos, corresponde ao resultado de uma investigação realizada no município de Salvador-Bahia sobre as práticas de saúde dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) que trabalham na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), com foco nos desafios do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos anos de 2009 e 2010. O primeiro artigo, de natureza quantitativa, teve por objetivo descrever e analisar o perfil e as percepções dos CD sobre o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional, a gestão desse trabalho e a assistência que se realiza em saúde bucal a partir de análise documental, observação direta do trabalho e aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado a oitenta profissionais lotados em quarenta e cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). O segundo, de natureza qualitativa, correspondeu à análise das narrativas acerca desse trabalho em equipe multiprofissional (na gestão, na assistência e na promoção da saúde) obtidas de uma sub-amostra de oito CD, a partir de entrevistas em profundidade, grupos focais e observação direta do trabalho, considerando dimensões simbólicas e estruturais. O terceiro artigo, também de natureza qualitativa, buscou focar nas concepções de autonomia, poder e hierarquia que permeiam a dinâmica desse trabalho em equipe. Os achados demonstram que o modelo assistencial assumido pela ESF pouco influenciou na mudança das práticas de saúde bucal: a prioridade continua sendo o pronto-atendimento e há, ainda, uma ênfase na ocupação da agenda com ações assistenciais curativas em detrimento das ações de proteção individual e coletivas. Podemos identificar também entraves nas práticas de gestão, com destaque às limitações das reuniões de planejamento e avaliação nas equipes estudadas, seja pela falta de periodicidade destas, seja na aparente deficiência de reconhecimento destes procedimentos como sendo de construção e responsabilização da equipe, ou ainda na falta de valorização da participação coletiva nesses processos. Além da ineficiência e carência dos recursos humanos, a insuficiência de recursos financeiros e físicos foi também explicitada pela maioria dos entrevistados. A gestão da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) e a Coordenação de Saúde Bucal do Município foi uma das principais dificuldades para o desenvolvimento das atividades de atenção na saúde bucal segundo os entrevistados. Destacam-se ainda outros fatores dificultadores: a precariedade nas modalidades de contratação, a irregularidade na remuneração dos profissionais, a carência de educação permanente, assim como dos problemas de infra-estrutura e de manutenção dos equipamentos. Esta pesquisa traz alguns elementos para o entendimento do trabalho dos CD na esfera pública. Almeja contribuir com a reflexão acerca dos desafios e descaminhos para a consolidação da saúde bucal e sobre a articulação possível das ações de promoção, proteção, curativas e reabilitadores no cotidiano dessas práticas. / Salvador

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado (DRSAI) continuam presentes em áreas metropolitanas no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Analisar as hospitalizações por DRSAI na rede pública da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA)/RS de 2010 a 2014. MÉTODOS: Análise das hospitalizações com diagnóstico principal dos códigos CID-10 correspondente às DRSAI a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares SIH/SUS, disponíveis publicamente. RESULTADOS: Do total de 13.929 hospitalizações por DRSAI de residentes na RMPA, no período de 2010 a 2014, a maioria relaciona-se às doenças de transmissão feco-oral como diagnóstico principal. Dentre as internações, o maior número (20,4%) corresponde ao de crianças de 1 a 4 anos de idade (28,1 hospitalizações/10.000 hab./ano). As internações por 10.000hab./ano variam de 1,4 em Glorinha e Nova Santa Rita a 27,6, em Triunfo. A taxa de letalidade hospitalar pode ser avaliada como baixa, pois a cada 100 internações ocorrem 2,2 óbitos, mas se considerarmos que esse tipo de doença é evitável e que não deveria gerar internação temos um número expressivo. Dentre as causas de óbito segundo CID-10, as mais frequentes foram as doenças de transmissão feco-oral. A utilização de UTI atingiu 2,0% (284), cujo destaque foram as hospitalizações por leptospirose, com uso de UTI em 13,2%. O gasto total com as internações foi cerca de R$ 6,1 milhões. O valor médio de internação mais elevado foi no município de Viamão (R$ 626,82) e o mais baixo em Alvorada (R$ 258,36). Entre todos os municípios da RMPA, São Sebastião do Caí foi o município com maior percentual (100%) de internações dos próprios residentes no total de internações por DRSAI. CONCLUSÃO: Ainda hoje as DRSAI são um importante problema para saúde pública e, por meio de trabalhos como este, é possível mapear a situação para promoção de ações para seu devido enfrentamento e melhor alocação de recursos. / INTRODUCTION: Diseases Related to Inadequate Environmental Sanitation (DRSAI, in Portuguese) still represent a burden in metropolitan areas in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hospitalizations for DRSAI in the public health network of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (MRPA)/RS during 2010-2014. METHODS: Analysis of hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of ICD-10 codes corresponding at DRSAI of a national public hospitalization basis (SIH / SUS). RESULTS: We found 13,929 hospitalizations for DRSAI of the MRPA´s residents during 2010-2014, most related to feco-oral transmission diseases as first-listed diagnosis. The largest number (20.4%) among the admissions corresponded to children 1 to 4 years old (28.1 hospitalizations / 10,000 inh/year). The admissions (10.000 inh/year) ranged from 1.4 in Glorinha and Nova Santa Rita up to 27.6 in Triunfo. The hospital mortality rate was low, for each 100 admissions deaths occur in 2.2, but if we consider that this kind of disease is preventable and should not generate hospitalization, it may represent a significant number. Among death causes according to ICD-10, feco-oral transmission disease was the most frequent. Use of Intensive Care Unity (ICU) reached 284 hospitalizations (2.0%) and Leptospirosis with ICU use was the highest (13.2%). Total expenditure on hospital admissions was approximately R$ 6.1 million. The average hospital stay cost was higher in Viamão (R $ 626.82) and lowest in Alvorada (R$ 258.36). Among all municipalities of MRPA, Sao Sebastião do Cai had the highest percentage (100%) of admissions of residents own a total of hospitalizations for DRSAI. CONCLUSIONS: DRSAIs are still today a major problem for public health, and that through research like this, it´s possible to map the situation for promoting actions for their proper coping and better resource allocation.

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado (DRSAI) continuam presentes em áreas metropolitanas no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Analisar as hospitalizações por DRSAI na rede pública da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA)/RS de 2010 a 2014. MÉTODOS: Análise das hospitalizações com diagnóstico principal dos códigos CID-10 correspondente às DRSAI a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares SIH/SUS, disponíveis publicamente. RESULTADOS: Do total de 13.929 hospitalizações por DRSAI de residentes na RMPA, no período de 2010 a 2014, a maioria relaciona-se às doenças de transmissão feco-oral como diagnóstico principal. Dentre as internações, o maior número (20,4%) corresponde ao de crianças de 1 a 4 anos de idade (28,1 hospitalizações/10.000 hab./ano). As internações por 10.000hab./ano variam de 1,4 em Glorinha e Nova Santa Rita a 27,6, em Triunfo. A taxa de letalidade hospitalar pode ser avaliada como baixa, pois a cada 100 internações ocorrem 2,2 óbitos, mas se considerarmos que esse tipo de doença é evitável e que não deveria gerar internação temos um número expressivo. Dentre as causas de óbito segundo CID-10, as mais frequentes foram as doenças de transmissão feco-oral. A utilização de UTI atingiu 2,0% (284), cujo destaque foram as hospitalizações por leptospirose, com uso de UTI em 13,2%. O gasto total com as internações foi cerca de R$ 6,1 milhões. O valor médio de internação mais elevado foi no município de Viamão (R$ 626,82) e o mais baixo em Alvorada (R$ 258,36). Entre todos os municípios da RMPA, São Sebastião do Caí foi o município com maior percentual (100%) de internações dos próprios residentes no total de internações por DRSAI. CONCLUSÃO: Ainda hoje as DRSAI são um importante problema para saúde pública e, por meio de trabalhos como este, é possível mapear a situação para promoção de ações para seu devido enfrentamento e melhor alocação de recursos. / INTRODUCTION: Diseases Related to Inadequate Environmental Sanitation (DRSAI, in Portuguese) still represent a burden in metropolitan areas in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hospitalizations for DRSAI in the public health network of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre (MRPA)/RS during 2010-2014. METHODS: Analysis of hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of ICD-10 codes corresponding at DRSAI of a national public hospitalization basis (SIH / SUS). RESULTS: We found 13,929 hospitalizations for DRSAI of the MRPA´s residents during 2010-2014, most related to feco-oral transmission diseases as first-listed diagnosis. The largest number (20.4%) among the admissions corresponded to children 1 to 4 years old (28.1 hospitalizations / 10,000 inh/year). The admissions (10.000 inh/year) ranged from 1.4 in Glorinha and Nova Santa Rita up to 27.6 in Triunfo. The hospital mortality rate was low, for each 100 admissions deaths occur in 2.2, but if we consider that this kind of disease is preventable and should not generate hospitalization, it may represent a significant number. Among death causes according to ICD-10, feco-oral transmission disease was the most frequent. Use of Intensive Care Unity (ICU) reached 284 hospitalizations (2.0%) and Leptospirosis with ICU use was the highest (13.2%). Total expenditure on hospital admissions was approximately R$ 6.1 million. The average hospital stay cost was higher in Viamão (R $ 626.82) and lowest in Alvorada (R$ 258.36). Among all municipalities of MRPA, Sao Sebastião do Cai had the highest percentage (100%) of admissions of residents own a total of hospitalizations for DRSAI. CONCLUSIONS: DRSAIs are still today a major problem for public health, and that through research like this, it´s possible to map the situation for promoting actions for their proper coping and better resource allocation.