Orientador: Maria Christina de Mello Amorozo / Banca: Carolina Joana da Silva / Banca: Germano Guarim Neto / Banca: Izabel de Carvalho / Resumo: O presente estudo envolveu três comunidades, Porto Limão, Porto Alambrado e Campo Alegre, localizadas no continnum territorial do pantanal de Cáceres, na região fronteiriça entre o estado Mato Grosso e a Bolívia. Foi registrado o conhecimento da população em relação ao componente vegetal percebido, utilizado e acessado nas unidades de paisagem locais. Enfocou-se os quintais e as áreas adjacentes a estes com fontes fornecedoras dos recursos vegetais. A coleta dos dados envolveu a aplicação de métodos próprios da área de etnobotânica filiados à antropologia e aos estudos clássicos de taxonomia vegetal. Foram aplicados formulários estruturados e semi-estruturados, para o registro do perfil sócioeconômico e cultural da população. As unidades de paisagem indicadas pela população foram georreferenciadas e elaborados mapas das áreas fornecedoras de recursos vegetais. Os 77 moradores das três comunidades representam 91% dos domicílios locais, sendo 25% de Campo Alegre, 83% de Porto limão e 100% de Porto Alambrado. Essa população apresenta uma miscigenação que envolve: povos naturais da região, remanescentes de povos das nações indígenas Guató, Bororo, Chiquitano e Terena e migrantes, principalmente do Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. A população utiliza, com certa freqüência, produtos extraídos das plantas nativas na medicina e alimentação local, assim como nas atividades produtivas de pesca e criação de animais. Na agricultura estão presentes, com maior freqüência, espécies introduzidas, excetuando-se a mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) que foi a mais citada nas três comunidades. O material botânico indicado e coletado compreende um acervo de 6.212 citações correspondentes a 628 táxons pertencentes a 118 famílias botânicas com 583 espécies e 416 gêneros (conforme o Angiosperms Phylogeny Group). Seis famílias destacaram-se... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study involved three communities, Porto Limão, Porto Alambrado, and Campo Alegre, located in the territorial continuum of the Pantanal et Cáceres, along the border between Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and Bolivia. Records were made of the population’s knowledge with respect to their perceptions and uses of the plant community, in the local units of landscape, focusing on yards and adjacent areas that serve as sources of plant resources. Data collection involved application of methods from the field of ethnobotany, associated with anthropology and classic studies of plant taxonomy. Structured and semistructured forms were used to record the socio-economic and cultural profile of the population. The landscape units indicated by the population were geo-referenced, and maps were generated of the areas that provide plant resources. The 77 residents of the three communities represent 91% of local households: 25%, 83%, and 100% of households in Campo Alegre, Porto Limão, and Porto Alambrado, respectively. The population reflects the miscegenation of populations native to the region, descendents of the indigenous nations Guató, Bororo, Chiquitano and Terena, and migrants mainly from southern, southeastern and northeastern Brazil. The population often uses products extracted from native plants which are used directly in medicine and in the local diet, as well as in fishing activities and animalraising. Introduced species are more commonly found in agricultural activities, with the exception of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz), which was the species most often cited in the three communities. The botanical material indicated and collected composes a collection of 6,212 citations corresponding to 628 taxa belonging to 118 botanical families, with 583 species and 416 genera (according to the Angiosperms Phylogeny Group). Six families are noteworthy with respect to the number of species cited... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Poverty alleviation is a key item on the agenda of both government and non-governmental organisations. The use of indigenous knowledge to embark on small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) such as handicraft making has shown that it has a potential to yield the desired outcome in many areas. The research addressed the question: to what degree are handicrafts made in the Lowveld region of Swaziland and to what extent do these handicrafts contribute towards the livelihood of rural households? The data was collected using questionnaires and observations. Findings revealed that the production of handicrafts is the second most important livelihood activity for most respondents. Even though the income received from these activities is small, its significance lies in the timing at which it is received; and on its role in supporting existing livelihood activities. Sustainability of the business is, however, threatened by inaccessibility of resources, lack of organisation and trading challenges There is a need to promote the cultivation of natural resources, continuous training workshops and for women to form cooperatives or groups. Further research is needed that would focus on the following areas: a comparative study done in urban areas which shall also investigate the impact of handicraft on urban poor households; a study which will focus on handicraft marketing and consumption and lastly on the youth and handicraft. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M.Sc. (Human Ecology)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carniello_ma_dr_rcla.pdf: 2423998 bytes, checksum: 79a82d4e4382e6ed19d8a27a10132b1d (MD5) / O presente estudo envolveu três comunidades, Porto Limão, Porto Alambrado e Campo Alegre, localizadas no continnum territorial do pantanal de Cáceres, na região fronteiriça entre o estado Mato Grosso e a Bolívia. Foi registrado o conhecimento da população em relação ao componente vegetal percebido, utilizado e acessado nas unidades de paisagem locais. Enfocou-se os quintais e as áreas adjacentes a estes com fontes fornecedoras dos recursos vegetais. A coleta dos dados envolveu a aplicação de métodos próprios da área de etnobotânica filiados à antropologia e aos estudos clássicos de taxonomia vegetal. Foram aplicados formulários estruturados e semi-estruturados, para o registro do perfil sócioeconômico e cultural da população. As unidades de paisagem indicadas pela população foram georreferenciadas e elaborados mapas das áreas fornecedoras de recursos vegetais. Os 77 moradores das três comunidades representam 91% dos domicílios locais, sendo 25% de Campo Alegre, 83% de Porto limão e 100% de Porto Alambrado. Essa população apresenta uma miscigenação que envolve: povos naturais da região, remanescentes de povos das nações indígenas Guató, Bororo, Chiquitano e Terena e migrantes, principalmente do Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. A população utiliza, com certa freqüência, produtos extraídos das plantas nativas na medicina e alimentação local, assim como nas atividades produtivas de pesca e criação de animais. Na agricultura estão presentes, com maior freqüência, espécies introduzidas, excetuando-se a mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) que foi a mais citada nas três comunidades. O material botânico indicado e coletado compreende um acervo de 6.212 citações correspondentes a 628 táxons pertencentes a 118 famílias botânicas com 583 espécies e 416 gêneros (conforme o Angiosperms Phylogeny Group). Seis famílias destacaram-se... / The present study involved three communities, Porto Limão, Porto Alambrado, and Campo Alegre, located in the territorial continuum of the Pantanal et Cáceres, along the border between Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and Bolivia. Records were made of the population s knowledge with respect to their perceptions and uses of the plant community, in the local units of landscape, focusing on yards and adjacent areas that serve as sources of plant resources. Data collection involved application of methods from the field of ethnobotany, associated with anthropology and classic studies of plant taxonomy. Structured and semistructured forms were used to record the socio-economic and cultural profile of the population. The landscape units indicated by the population were geo-referenced, and maps were generated of the areas that provide plant resources. The 77 residents of the three communities represent 91% of local households: 25%, 83%, and 100% of households in Campo Alegre, Porto Limão, and Porto Alambrado, respectively. The population reflects the miscegenation of populations native to the region, descendents of the indigenous nations Guató, Bororo, Chiquitano and Terena, and migrants mainly from southern, southeastern and northeastern Brazil. The population often uses products extracted from native plants which are used directly in medicine and in the local diet, as well as in fishing activities and animalraising. Introduced species are more commonly found in agricultural activities, with the exception of manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz), which was the species most often cited in the three communities. The botanical material indicated and collected composes a collection of 6,212 citations corresponding to 628 taxa belonging to 118 botanical families, with 583 species and 416 genera (according to the Angiosperms Phylogeny Group). Six families are noteworthy with respect to the number of species cited... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Poverty alleviation is a key item on the agenda of both government and non-governmental organisations. The use of indigenous knowledge to embark on small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) such as handicraft making has shown that it has a potential to yield the desired outcome in many areas. The research addressed the question: to what degree are handicrafts made in the Lowveld region of Swaziland and to what extent do these handicrafts contribute towards the livelihood of rural households? The data was collected using questionnaires and observations. Findings revealed that the production of handicrafts is the second most important livelihood activity for most respondents. Even though the income received from these activities is small, its significance lies in the timing at which it is received; and on its role in supporting existing livelihood activities. Sustainability of the business is, however, threatened by inaccessibility of resources, lack of organisation and trading challenges There is a need to promote the cultivation of natural resources, continuous training workshops and for women to form cooperatives or groups. Further research is needed that would focus on the following areas: a comparative study done in urban areas which shall also investigate the impact of handicraft on urban poor households; a study which will focus on handicraft marketing and consumption and lastly on the youth and handicraft. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M.Sc. (Human Ecology)

Thesis (MScConEcol (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Previously, conservation activities were mainly focussed upon the establishment of protected areas that safeguarded and shielded the natural world from misuse, often resulting in the forced removal of indigenous communities. In South Africa, the ≠Khomani Bushmen, were one such group forcibly evicted from their homelands. Today, the community has regained access to their ancestral lands in the form of a land claim, settled in 1999, that awarded the community land rights in the form of six farms and land use rights within the now Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP). This gave them the right to use and manage their property falling within the park together with the conservation authority responsible for the Park, South African National Parks (SANParks). This study aims to improve our understanding of the use of resources by the ≠Khomani Bushmen. By obtaining insight on resource use and how knowledge of this use is transferred and shared, information on how to better involve and integrate the community in management processes is generated. The study identified the most important plants currently used within the ≠Khomani community and assessed this use. Additionally, social network analysis (SNA) was used to investigate how the social network structure depicts the distribution of knowledge which affects the community’s ability to manage their natural plant resources effectively. In an ethnobotanical survey, over 90 individuals were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews, on the farms awarded to the community. In total, 59 plant species from 28 families were found to be in use. Medicinal plants were most frequently cited (60%), with edible plants comprising a further 20%. Data was also collected on social relations surrounding the acquisition, generation and transfer of plant use knowledge. The knowledge networks all depict isolated individuals on the periphery and a few individuals loosely connected to central structures. This study demonstrates that wild plant use remains an important practice for the ≠Khomani people, primarily for medicinal purposes. It serves as baseline data on plant resources being used by the community and adds to our understanding of how traditional knowledge is being transmitted. The insight provided by SNA depicts the current distribution of knowledge and should be used by the community, as supported by network weavers and SANParks, to achieve their joint management goals. Network weaving can potentially counteract ecologically unsustainable practices, promoting collaboration and the transfer of traditional ecological knowledge. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voorheen was bewaringsaktiwiteite meestal gefokus op die vestiging van beskermde areas wat die natuurlike wêreld beveilig en beskerm het van misbruik wat dikwels die gevolg was van die geforseerde verwydering van inheemse gemeenskappe. In Suid-Afrika was die ≠Khomani Boesman groep een van die sodanige groepe wat op ʼn indrukwekkende manier van hulle tuislande uitgesit is. Vandag het die gemeenskap weer toegang gekry tot die land van hulle voorvaders in die indiening van ʼn grond eis wat in 1999 vasgestel is, en wat die gemeenskap grond regte toegeken het in die vorm van ses plase en grond regtelike gebruik binne die sogenoemde Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP). Dit het hulle die reg gegee tot die gebruik en bestuur van hulle eiendom wat binne die park val saam met die bewaringsowerhede wat verantwoordelik is vir die Park, Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Parke (SANParks). Die doel van hierdie studie is om ons begrip te verbeter van die gebruik van hulpbronne deur die ≠Khomani Boesman. Met die verkryging van insig oor hulpbron gebruik en hoe die kennis van hierdie gebruik oorgedra en gedeel word, is inligting oor hoe om ʼn beter betrekking en integrering van die gemeenskap in die bestuursprosesse gegenereer. Die studie het die belangrikste plante geïdentifiseer wat tans gebruik word binne die ≠Khomani gemeenskap met die doel om die gebruik van hierdie plante te assesseer. Sosiale netwerkanalise (SNA) is addisioneel gebruik om ondersoek in te stel oor hoe sosiale netwerk struktuur die verspreiding van kennis uitbeeld wat die gemeenskap se vermoë om hulle natuurlike plant hulpbronne effektief te bestuur affekteer. In ʼn etnobotaniese opname, was oor 90 individuele ondervra op die plase wat aan die gemeenskap toegeken was, met die gebruik van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Dit is gevind dat in totaal 59 plant spesies uit 28 families gebruik word. Medisinale plante was meer dikwels aangehaal (60%) met eetbare plante bestaande uit 20%. Data was ook versamel oor sosiale verwantskappe omringende die verkryging, generering en oordra van kennis in die gebruik van plante. Hierdie netwerk van kennis word alles uitgebeeld in geïsoleerde individue op die periferie en ʼn paar individue wat losweg verbonde is tot sentrale strukture. Hierdie studie identifiseer dat die gebruik van wildeplante ʼn belangrike praktyk bly vir die ≠Khomani mense, hoofsaaklik vir medisinale doeleindes. Dit dien as basis inligting van plant hulpbronne wat tans gebruik word deur die gemeenskap en wat by ons begrip gevoeg word oor hoe tradisionele kennis oorgedra word. Die insig wat deur SNA voorsien word beeld die huidige verspreiding van kennis uit, wat deur die gemeenskap gebruik moet word, as ondersteuning van “network weavers” en SANParks om hulle gesamentlike bestuur doelwitte te bereik. “Network weavers” kan potensieel ekologiese onvolhoubare praktyke teenwerk, wat die samewerking en die oordra van tradisionele ekologiese kennis bevorder.