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Extraits végétaux et protéines issus de plantes de la famille des légumineuses à applications potentielles dans le traitement de l'acné et du vieillissement cutanée / Plant extracts and proteins from leguminosae family with potential applications in the treatment of acne and skin agingDiaz de Torres, Lorena 20 September 2011 (has links)
Afin d'obtenir de nouveaux agents dermo-cosmétiques et thérapeutiques issus de l'utilisation traditionnelle de plantes, nous avons sélectionné cinq légumineuses au Venezuela. Trois types d'extraits ont été étudiés : aqueux, éthanolique et un dérivé protéique à partir de l'extrait aqueux. Notre objectif a été de mettre en évidence de nouvelles sources de substances actives au niveau cutané, pour le traitement de l'acné, mais aussi dans le stress oxydant et la régénération cellulaire. L'effet cytoprotecteur, la capacité de la stimulation de la croissance cellulaire, l'efficacité antioxydante vis à vis des fibroblastes dermiques 3T3, ont été analysés in vitro. L'activité antibactérienne a été évaluée envers Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis et Staphylococcus aureus, des bactéries impliquées dans le processus de l'acné. Nos résultats ont démontré que Machaerium floribundum est une plante très prometteuse, une fonction antioxydante élevée à des concentrations relativement faibles. Cette activité antioxydante est liée à la présence de tanins de type anthocyanes. Les extraits de Machaerium peuvent aussi s'inscrire dans le domaine de la régénération des tissus. Par une activité antibactérienne démontrée sur des germes impliqués dans l'acné, ils offrent une ouverture alternative pour le traitement des peaux acnéiques. / In order to obtain new dermo-cosmetic and therapeutic agents from traditional medicinal plants, highlighting new sources of active substances at the skin level, treatment of the acne, oxidative stress and cell regeneration, five Venezuelan leguminous have been selected. Three types of extracts: aqueous, ethanolic and protein derived from the aqueous extract have been studied. The cytoprotective effect, the ability of the stimulation of cell growth and antioxidant efficiency were analyzed in dermal fibroblasts 3T3 cells. Our results showed that Machaerium floribundum extracts had a very high antioxidant activity at low concentrations. This antioxidant activity is linked to the presence of condensed tannins (polymers of anthocyanins). Also a good antibacterial activity was found using Machaerium ethanolic extracts against bacteria involved in the acne process: Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus offering an alternative for acne treatment.
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Perfil bioquímico sérico de frangos de corte alimentados com dieta suplementada com óleos essenciais e pimenta / Serum biochemical profile of broiler chickens fed diet Supplemented with essential oils and pepperTraesel, Carolina Kist 03 March 2009 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Essential oils of natural origin and low cost have antimicrobial properties and can increase broilers performance, constituting an alternative to growth promoters based on antibiotics for poultry production; however, they can produce toxic effects. Serum biochemical parameters regarding to pancreatic, renal and hepatic functions of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented
with antibiotics or essential oils of oregano, sage, rosemary and pepper aqueous crude extract (OLES) were evaluated. Animals (n=910) were distributed within five treatment groups with seven replicates of 26 birds each. Control group received a diet without additives; treatment Tatb received an antibiotic growth promoter diet; treatments T50, T100 and T150 received feed supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 ppm of OLES, respectively. At 42 days, 11 animals per group were slaughtered and blood samples were collected for serum biochemical profile analysis (lipase, amylase, urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase - AST, gama glutamyltransferase,
total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulins and albumin:globulins ratio). The results showed elevated serum lipase, uric acid, urea and AST, suggesting the impairment of kidney and liver functions caused by OLES. More studies are needed for essential oils dose adjustment in the diet, providing benefits without
being harmful to the animal. / Devido às exigências atuais do mercado externo por alimentos de qualidade, custo acessível e de origem natural, os extratos de plantas com atividade antimicrobiana, como os óleos essenciais, são uma alternativa aos promotores de crescimento à base de antibióticos na produção de frangos, podendo aumentar o desempenho dos animais. Essas substâncias possuem rápida metabolização hepática, curta meia vida e eliminação renal e podem produzir efeitos tóxicos em altas doses ou estimular a secreção pancreática.
Nesse contexto, avaliaram-se as funções pancreática, renal e hepática de frangos de corte alimentados com ração isonutritiva, antibióticos ou óleos essenciais de orégano, sálvia, alecrim e extrato aquoso de pimenta (OLES) em diferentes concentrações na ração. Novecentos e dez frangos foram alocados em cinco grupos de tratamento, com sete repetições de 26 aves por tratamento. O grupo controle recebeu ração sem aditivos; o tratamento Tatb recebeu ração suplementada com promotor de crescimento à base de
antibióticos; os tratamentos T50, T100 e T150 receberam ração suplementada com OLES nas concentrações
de 50, 100 e 150 ppm, respectivamente. Aos 42 dias de idade, 11 aves por grupo foram abatidas e amostras de sangue foram colhidas para realização das mensurações séricas de lipase, amilase, uréia, ácido úrico, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamiltransferase, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, triglicerídeos, proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas e relação albumina:globulinas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram elevação sérica significativa de lipase, ácido
úrico, uréia e AST, sugerindo o comprometimento renal e hepático pelos OLES. Mais estudos são necessários para adequar as doses dos óleos essenciais na ração, que propiciem benefícios sem provocar danos ao animal.
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