Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SebastiaoGD_DISSERT.pdf: 1842008 bytes, checksum: 97b7d61537e0482417003e2222e25ec8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / The Caatinga is the predominant vegetation type in semi-arid region of Brazil, where many inhabitants depend on hunting and gathering for survival, obtaining resources for: food and feed, folk medicine, timber production, etc. It‟s the dry ecosystem with highest population density in the world. The early stages of development are the most critical during the life cycle of a flowering plant and they‟re primordial to its establishment in environments exposed to water stress. Information about adjustments to the growth of the species, correlated with their studies of distribution in Serid? oriental potiguar, are an important ecological and economic standpoint, because they provide subsidies for the development of cultivation techniques, to programs of sustainable use and recovery of degraded areas. This thesis aimed to study the initial growth and foliar morphology in plants like Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (tamboril) and Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth (mulungu), species of occurrence in the Caatinga, under water stress. After sowing and emergency, the seedlings were exposed to three water regimes: 450 (control), 225 (moderate stress) and 112.5 (severe stress) mm of water slide for 40 days. Seeding occurred in bags of 5 kg and after the establishment of seedlings thinning was carried out leaving a plantlet per bag. At the beginning the waterings occurred daily with distilled water, passing to be on alternate days after thinning. Twenty and forty days after the thinning seedlings collections were held to be done analysis of growth and biomass partition. When compared to the control group, the treatments with water stress showed reduction in the growth of the aerial part, growth of the greater root, number of leaves and leaflets, dry leaf area and total phytomass in both species, but in general, this effect was most marked for E. velutina. Regarding the partition of biomass, there were few changes throughout the experiment. Morphological changes in the leaves as a function of stress were not significant, however, there was a trend, in both species, to produce narrower leaves, that facilitate heat loss to the environment. It has not been possible to establish a positive relationship between inhibition of growth and distribution of species, whereas E. velutina is a species of most common occurrence in Serid? oriental potiguar. In this way, other aspects should be taken into account when studying the adaptation of species the dry environments, such as salinity, presence of heavy metals, wind speed, etc / A Caatinga ? o tipo vegetacional predominante no semi?rido do Brasil, onde muitos habitantes dependem do extrativismo para sobreviv?ncia, obtendo recursos para: alimenta??o humana e animal, medicina popular, produ??o madeireira, etc. ? o ecossistema seco com maior densidade populacional no mundo. Os est?dios iniciais de desenvolvimento s?o os mais cr?ticos durante o ciclo de vida de um vegetal, sendo primordiais para seu estabelecimento em ambientes sujeitos a estresse h?drico. Informa??es, sobre adapta??es do crescimento das esp?cies, correlacionadas com estudos de sua distribui??o no Serid? Oriental potiguar, s?o importantes do ponto de vista ecol?gico e econ?mico, pois fornecem subs?dios para o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas de cultivo, para programas de explora??o sustent?vel e de recupera??o de ?reas degradadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o crescimento inicial e a morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (tamboril) e Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth (mulungu), esp?cies de ocorr?ncia na Caatinga, sob estresse h?drico. Ap?s a semeadura e emerg?ncia, as pl?ntulas foram submetidas a tr?s regimes h?dricos: 450 (controle), 225 (estresse moderado) e 112,5 (estresse severo) mm de l?mina de ?gua por 40 dias. A semeadura ocorreu em sacos de 5 kg e ap?s o estabelecimento das pl?ntulas, foi realizado desbaste deixando uma pl?ntula por saco. No in?cio as regas ocorreram diariamente com ?gua destilada, passando a serem em dias alternados ap?s o desbaste. Vinte e quarenta dias ap?s o desbaste foram realizadas coletas de pl?ntulas para serem feitas an?lises de crescimento e parti??o de biomassa. Quando comparadas ao grupo controle, os tratamentos com estresse h?drico apresentaram redu??o no crescimento da parte a?rea, crescimento da maior raiz, fitomassa seca total, n?mero de folhas e fol?olos e ?rea foliar em ambas as esp?cies, sendo que em geral, este efeito foi mais marcante para E. velutina. Quanto ? parti??o de biomassa, ocorreram poucas altera??es ao longo do experimento. As altera??es morfol?gicas nas folhas em fun??o do estresse n?o foram significativas, por?m, houve uma tend?ncia, em ambas as esp?cies, de produ??o de folhas mais estreitas, que facilitam a perda de calor para o meio. N?o foi poss?vel estabelecer uma rela??o positiva entre inibi??o do crescimento e distribui??o das esp?cies, visto que E. velutina ? esp?cie de ocorr?ncia mais comum no Serid? Oriental. Desta forma, outros aspectos devem ser levados em considera??o ao se estudar a adapta??o das esp?cies a ambientes secos, tais como: salinidade, presen?a de metais pesados, velocidade do vento, etc

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:53:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SavioArcanjoSantosNascimentoDeMoraes_DISSERT.pdf: 3382313 bytes, checksum: d29b0d639c0367f1cb819ebeb2afb377 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-09T22:09:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SavioArcanjoSantosNascimentoDeMoraes_DISSERT.pdf: 3382313 bytes, checksum: d29b0d639c0367f1cb819ebeb2afb377 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T22:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SavioArcanjoSantosNascimentoDeMoraes_DISSERT.pdf: 3382313 bytes, checksum: d29b0d639c0367f1cb819ebeb2afb377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Macrobrachium jelskii ? uma esp?cie de ampla distribui??o no nordeste brasileiro, e ocorrendo em toda Am?rica do Sul. Contudo, nenhum estudo acerca a filogeografia, varia??es morfol?gicas locais e variabilidade gen?tica das popula??es desta esp?cie foi efetuado. Esta esp?cie de camar?o, pode revelar informa??es importantes sobre o padr?o de dispers?o e vicariantes correlatos ? cen?rios de arranjos tect?nicos pret?ritos e outros eventos que possam ter influenciado a biogeografia dos taxa aqu?tico. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a diversidade fenot?pica e molecular das popula??es do camar?o Macrobrachium jelskii, nas ecorregi?es Nordeste M?dio Oriental, Maranh?o Piau? e S?o Francisco, frente a influ?ncia de cen?rios pret?ritos e respostas ambientais locais. Este trabalho utilizou uma abordagem de Sistem?tica integrativa, a morfometria geom?trica multivariada, an?lises filogen?ticas e de estrutura??o gen?tica. A morfometria geom?trica, revelou dimorfismo sexual evidente, em que f?meas apresentaram cefalot?rax e abd?men mais estirados horizontalmente. Isto, possivelmente, favorece o desenvolvimento gonadal, vitelog?nese e armazenamento dos ovos. Abstra??o da forma dos tr?s planos corporais n?o demostrou um consenso acerca da estrutura??o das popula??es entre de M. jelskii no Nordeste Brasileiro. Tal fato corrobora com a baixa diversidade nucleot?dica e haplot?pica, em que foi relatado apenas um hapl?tipo compartilhado entre as popula??es das bacias. Assim, ratificando a possibilidade de introdu??o da esp?cie nos corpos d??gua do Nordeste pelo DNOCS. Em adi??o, os dados gen?ticos relataram a presen?a de ru?dos e picos duplos no eletroferograma, que representa co-amplifica??o de pseudogenes mitocondriais da regi?o Citocromo Oxidase I, pouco relatadas na literatura para o g?nero Macrobrachium. Este fato abre um precedente de desconfian?a para rela??es filogen?ticas e filogeogr?ficas publicadas, recentemente que n?o retratam isto. Sabendo que esta caracter?stica pode gerar uma superestima??o de linhagens evolutivas e, assim, conclus?es err?neas sobre eventos dispersivos, vicariantes ou de especia??o, se faz de suma import?ncia retratar os casos de pseudogenes e a utiliza??o de iniciadores espec?ficos para cada t?xon. / Macrobrachium jelskii is a widely distributed species in northeastern Brazil, occurring throughout South America. However, no studies on phylogeography, local morphological variations and genetic variability of the populations of this species were carried out. This prawn species can reveal important information on the dispersion pattern and related vicariates for scenarios of past tectonic arrangements and other events that have influenced the biogeography of the aquatic taxa. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate a phenotypic and molecular diversity of the prawn M. jelskii populations in the Mid-Northeast Caatinga, Maranho Piau? and S?o Francisco ecoregions, influenced by past scenarios and environmental local responses. This scientific article uses an approach of Integrative Systematics, a multivariate geometric morphometry, phylogenetic analyzes and genetic structuring. Geometric morphometry showed evident sexual dimorphism, in which females presented cephalothorax and abdomen more horizontally stretched. This possibly favors gonadal development, vitellogenesis and egg storage. Abstraction of the shape of the three body planes does not demonstrate a consensus on the structuring of the populations between M. jelskii in the Northeast of Brazil. This fact corroborates a low nucleotide and haplotype diversity, in which only one haplotype was shared among the populations of the basins. Thus, ratifying a possibility of introduction in the Northeast area by DNOCS. In addition, the genetic data reported a presence of noises and double peaks not electropherogram, which represents co-amplification of mitochondrial pseudogenes of the region Cytochrome Oxidase I, little reported in the literature for the genus Macrobrachium. This fact show a precedent of mistrust for published phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships, which recently did not depict this. Knowing that this characteristic can generate an overestimation of evolutionary lineages and, thus, erroneous conclusions on dispersive, vicarious or speciation events, it is of importance to report the cases of pseudogenes and the use of specific molecular primers for each taxon.