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The politics of workers control in South Africa's platinum mines : do workers' committees in the platinum mining industry represent a practice of renewing worker control?Ntswana, Nyonde 05 December 2014 (has links)
The 16th of August 2012, has inscribed a never to be forgotten 'moment' in the history of postapartheid
South Africa when the South African Police Service (SAPS) opened fire on striking Lonmin
(Pic) mine workers, killing 34 and injuring 78 in Marikana, North West Province. The workers were
part of an unprecedented strike wave on the platinum belt, which had begun at Impala Platinum
Holdings (Implats) at the beginning of 2012, spread to Lonmin that August and to Anglo American
Platinum (Am plats) in September. At the heart ofthe strikes was the demand for a 'living wage'- a
clarion call that would be taken up by workers at other platinum mines, the gold, coal, transport and
agriculture sectors and for a short while left the country in political and economic turmoil .This
platinum belt strike wave was not led by the unions but by workers themselves. Workers
emphatically refused to be represented by their unions and opted to form alternative structures of
representation called the independent workers committees.
This thesis examines these structures and the deadly contestation over representation that
developed. It analyses the driving forces behind these committees, why they were formed, how
they were formed and how they managed to self-organise, mobilise the mine workers, and engage
directly in negotiations with management. This thesis argues, that a close examination of the
workers committees is seminal to understanding the current nature of the South African working
class and whether it is reasserting democratic control over trade union organisation, and whether
the workers' committees represent a challenge to the corporatist arrangements that have
underpinned the post-apartheid 'social contract' between labour and capital mediated through the
state, since 1994.
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The mode of occurrence, recovery characteristics and petrogenesis of platinum-group and base metal sulphide minerals in the UG2 chromitite at Northam Platinum Mine, South AfricaBonel, Kevin Anthony January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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The role of long-chain trithiocarbonates in the optimisation of Impala Platinum's flotation circuitVos, Cornelius Francois 18 October 2007 (has links)
Trithiocarbonates (TTCs) with less than six carbon atoms per molecule historically have proved to be better bulk sulphide mineral collectors than conventional dithiocarbonates (DTCs). However, high vapor pressures of the short-chain mercaptan decomposition products prevented them from general industrial use. Impala’s commitment in TTC development changed in 2002 when the nC12-trithiocarbonate indicated strong synergism when added to their existing flotation suite. A concerted research effort at the University of Utah followed, and in particular on their surface chemistry. To compliment current research and development at Impala, fundamental work regarding the surface hydrophobicity of pyrrhotite under electrochemically controlled conditions was undertaken at Utah University. Controlled contact angle measurements showed that the surface hydrophobicity of pyrrhotite can be increased by small additions of nC12-trithiocarbonate to SIBX. It was also found that this improvement in the surface hydrophobicity with the SIBX-TTC mixture was more significant at lower oxidation potentials. Work at Utah University further showed that a C12 decomposition product may or may not be present with an adsorbed TTC molecule. External reflectance infrared spectroscopy in the mid infrared region suggested a “crowding” of the collectors at the surface when SIBX and TTC are combined. This was based on an increase in the absorbance of the -CH2- peaks in the mixed collector system. In bench scale flotation tests on PGM bearing samples from the Merensky reef, it was found that a 5 molar percent replacement of SIBX with nC12-trithiocarbonate improved the flotation activity relative to the standard SIBX-DTP mixture. Improvements were in the recoveries of PGMs, copper and nickel. The addition of TTC also increased the flotation rates of both slow and fast floating valuables as is predicted by the Kelsall equation. The optimum mixture for the pilot plant trials was thus a 5 molar percent replacement of the current collector suite with nC12-TTC. Based on the bench flotation results, research was extended to a pilot plant trial. At a depressant dosage of 100g/ton, the PGM concentrate grades from the first rougher cell improved from 120g/ton to 175g/ton when the TTC was introduced. This was achieved without any effect on the recovery from the first cell. This increase in concentrate grade is believed to arise from the nature of both: <ul> <li>The mineral-collector surface state, and</li> <li>The bubble surface interaction.</li> </ul> Overall, the standard SIBX-DTP collector combination and the new SIBX-DTP-TTC collector combination (both at 100g/ton depressant) was also compared to pilot plant tests with SIBX-DTP at high (350g/ton) depressant dosages. The latter suite forms the currents reagent suite at Impala Platinum. When comparing the first two trials, at 100g/ton depressant, the addition of TTC as a ternary collector resulted in a recovery improvement of approximately 2.2% with a simultaneous increase in final concentrate grade from 57g/ton to 73g/ton. The result was a reduction in solids recovery from 5.3% to 4.1%. When comparing the TTC trial to the standard collector suite at high depressant dosages, only a small reduction (3.6% vs. 4.1%) in solids recovery was achieved with a final concentrate grade of 85g/ton. The PGM recoveries were very similar. Based on current Merensky milling rates, depressant and TTC costs, and calculated replacements based on the pilot plant tests, a projected cost saving on chemicals is R9.6 million per annum. Financial impacts on processing, grade and kinetics have not been made. It was also concluded that the detrimental effect of mild steel milling on the flotation activity of SIBX-DTP was diminished with the addition of the long-chain TTC with SIBX and DTP. As part to this research, a preliminary plant trial on UG-2 underground material showed a reduced primary rougher chromite grade as well as a significant increase in PGM concentrate grade for the first two primary rougher cells. This is an important finding, especially for the melting process. In this final study a partial (5 molar percent) replacement of the standard collector used was also made. What was further realised was a significant increase in the final concentrate grade when compared to the standard conditions. / Dissertation (MEng (Metallurgical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / MEng / unrestricted
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A framework for the measurement and reporting of environmental costs at a platinum mine / Anél du PlessisDu Plessis, Anél January 2013 (has links)
Environmental issues are an increasing concern for various stakeholders in the mining industry. To
address these concerns, managements of mining companies should embrace sustainable mining
practices in their daily decision making processes. Internal decision making processes are strongly
dependent on the quality of data included in reports used by management. Currently environmental
issues are only considered as a separate item which is attached to the annual financial statements. No
link is made between the environmental performance of the mine and the economic performance that
is achieved.
To achieve greater acknowledgement by management of the importance of controlling environmental
costs on a daily basis, environmental costs need to be identifiable in internal management reports,
including management accounting reports. Various methods are available with which the value of
environmental inputs and outputs can accurately be determined. If these values are correctly
integrated into information systems, reporting these environmental costs will be possible, allowing a
mining company to consider triple-bottom-line reporting.
The goal of this study is to assist mining companies, specifically platinum mining, in measuring and
reporting on environmental costs by setting up a framework. This framework will be formulated by
means of conducting a thorough study of the recent and current literature pertaining to the
measurement methods of environmental costs upon which a comparison will be drawn between this
theory and the actual measurement and reporting of environmental costs by means of case study
research. A gap analysis has identified the problems that platinum mines are experiencing, and
consequently, the framework created will assist platinum mines in introducing the reporting of
environmental costs.
A case study on a platinum mine was done in order to evaluate the current measurement methods and
reporting on environmental costs. The collected data was analysed through explanation building and
an organisational-level logic model was developed in order to understand the reasons that costs are
recorded and reported on by using the method currently applied in the case study principal. This organisational-level logic model will assist in identifying problems within the current costing method
in relation to environmental cost measurement and reporting. The findings identified by the case
study were compared to the theory underlying environmental management accounting after which a
gap analysis identified the problems that platinum mines experience. Based on the findings of the gap
analysis, a framework was developed to assist platinum mines in closing the gap that has been
identified.
The framework, if applied within an organisation will assist mining companies in expanding their
current reporting on environmental issues to an in-depth review of environmental impacts which can
be linked to the achievement of economic performance. This will allow a step forward in triplebottom-
line reporting as the value of environmental costs has been identified as the missing link in
current financial reports.
The framework could not be tested as the application of the framework requires a procedural change
within the organisation which needs to be approved at top management level. This limitation does,
however, open the possibility for a follow up study. Additional reporting on environmental costs will
help management in adding value and quality to daily and overall decision making processes. This
hypothesis can be tested in possible future studies which involve multiple-case studies and which will
extend the framework to include a decision making matrix. / MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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A framework for the measurement and reporting of environmental costs at a platinum mine / Anél du PlessisDu Plessis, Anél January 2013 (has links)
Environmental issues are an increasing concern for various stakeholders in the mining industry. To
address these concerns, managements of mining companies should embrace sustainable mining
practices in their daily decision making processes. Internal decision making processes are strongly
dependent on the quality of data included in reports used by management. Currently environmental
issues are only considered as a separate item which is attached to the annual financial statements. No
link is made between the environmental performance of the mine and the economic performance that
is achieved.
To achieve greater acknowledgement by management of the importance of controlling environmental
costs on a daily basis, environmental costs need to be identifiable in internal management reports,
including management accounting reports. Various methods are available with which the value of
environmental inputs and outputs can accurately be determined. If these values are correctly
integrated into information systems, reporting these environmental costs will be possible, allowing a
mining company to consider triple-bottom-line reporting.
The goal of this study is to assist mining companies, specifically platinum mining, in measuring and
reporting on environmental costs by setting up a framework. This framework will be formulated by
means of conducting a thorough study of the recent and current literature pertaining to the
measurement methods of environmental costs upon which a comparison will be drawn between this
theory and the actual measurement and reporting of environmental costs by means of case study
research. A gap analysis has identified the problems that platinum mines are experiencing, and
consequently, the framework created will assist platinum mines in introducing the reporting of
environmental costs.
A case study on a platinum mine was done in order to evaluate the current measurement methods and
reporting on environmental costs. The collected data was analysed through explanation building and
an organisational-level logic model was developed in order to understand the reasons that costs are
recorded and reported on by using the method currently applied in the case study principal. This organisational-level logic model will assist in identifying problems within the current costing method
in relation to environmental cost measurement and reporting. The findings identified by the case
study were compared to the theory underlying environmental management accounting after which a
gap analysis identified the problems that platinum mines experience. Based on the findings of the gap
analysis, a framework was developed to assist platinum mines in closing the gap that has been
identified.
The framework, if applied within an organisation will assist mining companies in expanding their
current reporting on environmental issues to an in-depth review of environmental impacts which can
be linked to the achievement of economic performance. This will allow a step forward in triplebottom-
line reporting as the value of environmental costs has been identified as the missing link in
current financial reports.
The framework could not be tested as the application of the framework requires a procedural change
within the organisation which needs to be approved at top management level. This limitation does,
however, open the possibility for a follow up study. Additional reporting on environmental costs will
help management in adding value and quality to daily and overall decision making processes. This
hypothesis can be tested in possible future studies which involve multiple-case studies and which will
extend the framework to include a decision making matrix. / MCom (Management Accountancy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Comparison of airborne particulate exposure in two platinum refining process areas / Z. Selenati–DreyerSelenati-Dreyer, Zoe January 2010 (has links)
The aims and objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the airborne particulate matter in the tankhouse and crusher areas of a base metal refinery sampled with two separate methods, in terms of mass concentration, nickel content, and particle size distribution. Methods: Area sampling was conducted in the two areas. Two methods were applied to collect particulate samples. The first is a multi–stage virtual impactor, the Respicon, which was used to determine the three critical particle fractions (inhalable, thoracic and respirable). The NIOSH 7300 method determined the particle concentration and nickel percentage present in each fraction. Using formulas provided by the manufacturers two additional particle–size fractions (extra–thoracic and trachea–bronchial) could be calculated. The second was based on the standard NIOSH 0500 method, which determined particle size distribution depicted as cumulative percentages. The samples were analyzed using laser scattering instrumentation. Results: In the tankhouse the highest level of exposure was to particles bigger than 10 um, with the highest nickel percentage also falling into this range. However, high nickel percentages were present in all three cut–off sizes (4 um, 10 um and > 10 um). The particle concentration for the crusher area was the highest for particulates bigger than 10 um, with the highest nickel percentage present in this fraction. After comparing the tankhouse and crusher areas, it is clear that the particle concentration is much higher in the crusher area according to all sampling methods used. The nickel content present in the analysis of these areas is of great concern. Conclusion: With the knowledge obtained through this research one hopes to establish a basis for particle size sampling in the platinum mining industry. This may lead to the development of health based OEL's and reflect a more accurate evaluation of workers particulate exposure. This information will give a greater understanding of health risks workers are exposed to. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Comparison of airborne particulate exposure in two platinum refining process areas / Z. Selenati–DreyerSelenati-Dreyer, Zoe January 2010 (has links)
The aims and objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the airborne particulate matter in the tankhouse and crusher areas of a base metal refinery sampled with two separate methods, in terms of mass concentration, nickel content, and particle size distribution. Methods: Area sampling was conducted in the two areas. Two methods were applied to collect particulate samples. The first is a multi–stage virtual impactor, the Respicon, which was used to determine the three critical particle fractions (inhalable, thoracic and respirable). The NIOSH 7300 method determined the particle concentration and nickel percentage present in each fraction. Using formulas provided by the manufacturers two additional particle–size fractions (extra–thoracic and trachea–bronchial) could be calculated. The second was based on the standard NIOSH 0500 method, which determined particle size distribution depicted as cumulative percentages. The samples were analyzed using laser scattering instrumentation. Results: In the tankhouse the highest level of exposure was to particles bigger than 10 um, with the highest nickel percentage also falling into this range. However, high nickel percentages were present in all three cut–off sizes (4 um, 10 um and > 10 um). The particle concentration for the crusher area was the highest for particulates bigger than 10 um, with the highest nickel percentage present in this fraction. After comparing the tankhouse and crusher areas, it is clear that the particle concentration is much higher in the crusher area according to all sampling methods used. The nickel content present in the analysis of these areas is of great concern. Conclusion: With the knowledge obtained through this research one hopes to establish a basis for particle size sampling in the platinum mining industry. This may lead to the development of health based OEL's and reflect a more accurate evaluation of workers particulate exposure. This information will give a greater understanding of health risks workers are exposed to. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Corporate community engagement (CCE) in Zimbabwe's mining industry from the Stakeholder Theory perspectiveWushe, Tawaziwa 09 1900 (has links)
Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest
industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to
profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and
following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a
major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at
the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the
expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly
negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have
erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the
differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought
to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE
measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE
from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is
measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed
mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its
usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation
by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community
for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation
emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the
obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are
particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to
mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community
development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE.
The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring
and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE
Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and
harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the
resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.
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Corporate community engagement (CCE) in Zimbabwe's mining industry from the Stakeholder Theory perspectiveWushe, Tawaziwa 09 1900 (has links)
Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest
industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to
profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and
following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a
major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at
the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the
expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly
negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have
erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the
differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought
to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE
measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE
from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is
measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed
mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its
usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation
by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community
for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation
emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the
obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are
particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to
mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community
development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE.
The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring
and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE
Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and
harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the
resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.
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