Sport psychological skills play an important role in sport performance. Evidence further suggests that the psychological skill levels may be influenced by the particular playing position. One hundred and eighty u/19 rugby players from the PUK Rugby Institute (average age: 18.79 +- 0.28 years) were tested during the 2003-2005 rugby seasons by means of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), Psychological Skills Inventory (PSI), Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28), as well as a questionnaire dealing with psychosocial factors influencing participation and performance in rugby. Players from the 2004 and 2005 seasons (n=120) were first divided into two groups (top- and lower ranked players) of 60 players each. Effect size results (practical significance) revealed moderately significant differences between the two groups, with the top ranked players outscoring their lower ranked counterparts in self-confidence, general coping resources, coping with adversity, average psychological skills score, as well as the effect of team members/team spirit, coaches and financial aspects on participation and performance. These results confirm that sport psychological skill levels and related psychosocial factors can distinguish between rugby union players of different participation levels. Secondly, the total subject group (n=180) was divided into seven positional groups (props, hookers, locks, loose trio, half-backs, centres and back three). These groups were compared by means of effect sizes (practical significance) for each of seven sport psychological skills as measured with the PSI. Moderate (46) and large (20) practically significant differences were reported for the 147 inter-positional comparisons. The results show that the half-backs and hookers consistently outperformed the other three positional groups, while the props, locks and back three often showed the lowest skill levels. While these results are discussed in reference to practical implications for future position specific sport psychological skills training sessions, they clearly show that sport psychological skill levels differ from one position to another. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Sport psychological skills play an important role in sport performance. Evidence further suggests that the psychological skill levels may be influenced by the particular playing position. One hundred and eighty u/19 rugby players from the PUK Rugby Institute (average age: 18.79 +- 0.28 years) were tested during the 2003-2005 rugby seasons by means of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), Psychological Skills Inventory (PSI), Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28), as well as a questionnaire dealing with psychosocial factors influencing participation and performance in rugby. Players from the 2004 and 2005 seasons (n=120) were first divided into two groups (top- and lower ranked players) of 60 players each. Effect size results (practical significance) revealed moderately significant differences between the two groups, with the top ranked players outscoring their lower ranked counterparts in self-confidence, general coping resources, coping with adversity, average psychological skills score, as well as the effect of team members/team spirit, coaches and financial aspects on participation and performance. These results confirm that sport psychological skill levels and related psychosocial factors can distinguish between rugby union players of different participation levels. Secondly, the total subject group (n=180) was divided into seven positional groups (props, hookers, locks, loose trio, half-backs, centres and back three). These groups were compared by means of effect sizes (practical significance) for each of seven sport psychological skills as measured with the PSI. Moderate (46) and large (20) practically significant differences were reported for the 147 inter-positional comparisons. The results show that the half-backs and hookers consistently outperformed the other three positional groups, while the props, locks and back three often showed the lowest skill levels. While these results are discussed in reference to practical implications for future position specific sport psychological skills training sessions, they clearly show that sport psychological skill levels differ from one position to another. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

VIEIRA, Márcia Paula Chaves. Os impasses da Reforma Política no Brasil: uma análise sobre o jogo de posições na Câmara Federal (2003-2015). 2016. 237f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-03T16:57:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_mpcvieira.pdf: 2255402 bytes, checksum: 1d4d5d599ab79527f374c00be084ae98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-07T11:10:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_mpcvieira.pdf: 2255402 bytes, checksum: 1d4d5d599ab79527f374c00be084ae98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-07T11:10:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_mpcvieira.pdf: 2255402 bytes, checksum: 1d4d5d599ab79527f374c00be084ae98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The objective of this thesis is to understand how the positions set in the Câmara dos Deputados impasses for political reform. Therefore, I analyzed three special committees and a working group that drew up proposals in the period 2003 to 2015. I used shorthand notes and audios of special committees and the Plenário , followed voting procedures in the Plenário - personally and the official channel of the Câmara Federal . Develop the analysis from the criteria listed by Dahl (1997): 1) Cohesion groups; 2) Identify the political decisions that prevail (number of people affected, extension of the benefit of the decision; effectiveness in the daily lives of citizens, caused changes and priority of government decisions). The anal ysis revealed three political reform projects taken up by the PSDB party, PT and PMDB seeking to build consensus around proposals. However, increased party fragmentation hindered the formation of majorities that could approve the proposed changes. Identifi ed one hegemony dispute scenario characteristic of political struggle, which has won the project that legitimizes the individualization of electoral competition. The consequence for the political system is that the changes accepted by consensus by the poli tical field agents are those that strengthen a distant political class they represent. / O objetivo desta tese foi compreender como o jogo de posições na Câmara dos Deputados construiu impasses para a reforma política. Para tanto, analisei três comissões especiais e um grupo de trabalho que elaboraram propostas no período de 2003 a 2015. Utilizei notas taquigráficas e áudios das comissões especiais e dos Plenários, assim como acompanhei os processos de votação em Plenário — pessoalmente e pelo canal oficial da Câmara Federal. Desenvolvo a análise a partir dos critérios elencados por Dahl (1997), a saber: 1) coesão de grupos e 2) identificação das decisões políticas que prevalecem (número de pessoas afetadas, extensão do benefício da decisão, efetividade no cotidiano dos cidadãos, mudanças provocadas e prioridade das decisões governamentais). A análise revelou três projetos de reforma política protagonizados pelos partidos PSDB, PT e PMDB, que buscavam construir consensos em torno de suas propostas. Entretanto, a fragmentação partidária crescente dificultou a formação de maiorias que pudessem aprovar as mudanças. Identifiquei um cenário de disputa de hegemonia característico da luta política, cujo vencedor tem sido o projeto que legitima a individualização da competição eleitoral. A consequência para o sistema político é que as alterações aceitas consensualmente pelos agentes do campo político são aquelas que fortalecem uma classe política distante de seus representados.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo desta tese foi compreender como o jogo de posiÃÃes na CÃmara dos Deputados construiu impasses para a reforma polÃtica. Para tanto, analisei trÃs comissÃes especiais e um grupo de trabalho que elaboraram propostas no perÃodo de 2003 a 2015. Utilizei notas taquigrÃficas e Ãudios das comissÃes especiais e dos PlenÃrios, assim como acompanhei os processos de votaÃÃo em PlenÃrio â pessoalmente e pelo canal oficial da CÃmara Federal. Desenvolvo a anÃlise a partir dos critÃrios elencados por Dahl (1997), a saber: 1) coesÃo de grupos e 2) identificaÃÃo das decisÃes polÃticas que prevalecem (nÃmero de pessoas afetadas, extensÃo do benefÃcio da decisÃo, efetividade no cotidiano dos cidadÃos, mudanÃas provocadas e prioridade das decisÃes governamentais). A anÃlise revelou trÃs projetos de reforma polÃtica protagonizados pelos partidos PSDB, PT e PMDB, que buscavam construir consensos em torno de suas propostas. Entretanto, a fragmentaÃÃo partidÃria crescente dificultou a formaÃÃo de maiorias que pudessem aprovar as mudanÃas. Identifiquei um cenÃrio de disputa de hegemonia caracterÃstico da luta polÃtica, cujo vencedor tem sido o projeto que legitima a individualizaÃÃo da competiÃÃo eleitoral. A consequÃncia para o sistema polÃtico à que as alteraÃÃes aceitas consensualmente pelos agentes do campo polÃtico sÃo aquelas que fortalecem uma classe polÃtica distante de seus representados. / The objective of this thesis is to understand how the positions set in the CÃmara dos Deputados impasses for political reform. Therefore, I analyzed three special committees and a working group that drew up proposals in the period 2003 to 2015. I used shorthand notes and audios of special committees and the PlenÃrio , followed voting procedures in the PlenÃrio - personally and the official channel of the CÃmara Federal . Develop the analysis from the criteria listed by Dahl (1997): 1) Cohesion groups; 2) Identify the political decisions that prevail (number of people affected, extension of the benefit of the decision; effectiveness in the daily lives of citizens, caused changes and priority of government decisions). The anal ysis revealed three political reform projects taken up by the PSDB party, PT and PMDB seeking to build consensus around proposals. However, increased party fragmentation hindered the formation of majorities that could approve the proposed changes. Identifi ed one hegemony dispute scenario characteristic of political struggle, which has won the project that legitimizes the individualization of electoral competition. The consequence for the political system is that the changes accepted by consensus by the poli tical field agents are those that strengthen a distant political class they represent.