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Perfil de segurança do uso de polivinilpirrolidona-iodo tópico como agente de pleurodese no tratamento do derrame pleural neoplásico / Safety profile of the use of iodopovidone for pleurodesis as treatment of malignant pleural effusionAndrade Neto, José Dias 30 January 2015 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O polivinilpirrolidona-iodo (PVP-I) tópico vem sendo descrito como um agente esclerosante para pleurodese de fácil obtenção, baixo custo e com boa eficácia. Apesar disso, sua segurança ainda não foi estudada de maneira sistemática e alguns autores apresentam restrições ao seu uso por relatos de determinados eventos adversos. OBJETIVOS: descrever a ocorrência de eventos adversos sérios e comuns à pleurodese com PVP-I tópico. Avaliar se existe relação de dose-dependência na ocorrência dos eventos adversos; a efetividade clínica e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: ensaio clínico envolvendo pacientes submetidos a pleurodese com PVP-I tópico, randomizados em dois grupos: grupo 1 com PVP-I tópico a 1% e grupo 2 com PVP-I tópico a 2%. A análise de segurança foi baseada na ocorrência de eventos adversos, graduados de acordo com o Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Foram realizadas avaliações clínicas e exames complementares no pré-operatório e em vários momentos do seguimento pós-operatório. Os dados clínicos avaliados foram dor, dispnéia, temperatura, pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, saturação de oxigênio e acuidade visual. Exames complementares envolveram hemograma, função renal, hepática e tireoidiana, eletrocardiograma e radiografia de tórax. A efetividade clínica foi determinada pela necessidade de procedimentos adicionais após a pleurodese e a qualidade de vida através de questionário específico. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 60 pacientes, 30 em cada grupo. Predominou o sexo feminino, em 55 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 55,9 ± 11,7 anos. A etiologia mais comum do derrame pleural foi neoplasia de mama em 43 pacientes, seguida por neoplasia pulmonar e de ovário. Foram encontrados 47 eventos adversos sérios relacionados ao procedimento distribuídos em 34 pacientes nos primeiros 30 dias de avaliação. Foram eles: dor, em onze pacientes, hipertensão em dez, empiema em um, hiponatremia em oito pacientes, elevação da fosfatase alcalina, transaminase oxalacética e transaminase pirúvica em dez, três e um pacientes respectivamente e hipocalemia em um paciente. A taxa de sucesso foi de 96% e não houve mudança na qualidade de vida após o procedimento. Na comparação dos grupos não se observou diferença estatística em relação aos dados avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: Os eventos adversos sérios mais esperados após a realização de pleurodese com PVP-I tópico são dor, hipertensão e alguns distúrbios metabólicos. A pleurodese com PVP-I tópico mostrou ser um procedimento eficaz, mas não ofereceu melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Não se observou relação de dose-dependência na ocorrência dos eventos adversos e na eficácia do procedimento / BACKGROUND: Iodopovidone has been described as a sclerosing agent easily obtained, inexpensive and with good results. Despite this, its safety has not been systematically evaluated and some authors have restrictions to its use because of reports of some adverse events related. OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of common and serious adverse events after iodopovidone pleurodesis. Second endpoints were to describe dose-dependent relation to adverse events, procedure efficacy and patient\'s quality of life. METHODS: clinical trial including patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion, undergone to pleurodesis, randomized into two groups: group 1 received 1% iodopovidone and group 2 received 2% Iodopovidone. We sought adverse events systematically with clinical and complementary evaluations since before pleurodesis and on several times postoperative. Clinical evaluation involved pain analog scale, dyspnea scale, oxygen saturation, heart frequency, arterial blood pressure, body temperature and visual acuity. Complementary evaluation was done by electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and laboratory tests (hemogram, renal function, liver function and thyroid function). All adverse events were graduated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAEV). Efficacy was considered when the patients did not need further pleural procedure after pleurodesis and quality of life analysis was determined by questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty patients were enrolled, thirty in each group, 55 females and 5 males. Mean age was 55,9 ± 11,7. The mainly etiology of malignant pleural effusion was breast cancer, in 43 patients, followed by lung cancer and ovarian tumor. We found 47 serious adverse events, possibly related to iodopovidone pleurodesis that occurred in 34 patients on 30 days follow-up. Most frequent clinical adverse events of these were pain, eleven patients, hypertension, ten and empyema in one patients. Serious metabolic events founded were hyponatremia in eight patients, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increased in ten, three and one patients respectively and hypokalemia in one patient. Success rate occurred in 96%. We didn\'t find change on quality of life after pleurodesis. We found no difference in patient\'s demographical data, occurrence of adverse events, efficacy and quality of life between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Observed common and serious adverse events related to iodopovidone pleurodesis were pain, hypertension, and some metabolic alterations. We found good efficacy for iodopovidone pleurodesis, but no significant change in patient\'s quality of life after procedure. This report does not suggest dose-dependent relation for the occurrence of adverse events
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Avaliação citogenética molecular de células do líquido pleural de pacientes com derrame pleural maligno / Molecular cytogenetic evaluation of pleural fluid cells in patients with malignant pleural effusionDebora Cristina Batista Rosolem 29 September 2014 (has links)
Introdução O diagnóstico de derrame pleural maligno (DPM) se baseia no achado de células tumorais no líquido ou no tecido pleural. Resultados falsos positivos ou falsos negativos influenciam na escolha da melhor conduta terapêutica a ser tomada, além de alterar substancialmente o prognóstico desses pacientes. A sensibilidade do exame citológico é geralmente inferior a 70%, motivo pelo qual, métodos complementares são frequentemente associados. Fatores como tipo histológico, sítio primário e grau de invasibilidade do tumor são os principais responsáveis por esta variação. Dentre os exames complementares propostos, destacam-se a dosagem de marcadores tumorais no líquido pleural (LP), as técnicas citoquímicas, imunocitoquímicas e de marcadores de proliferação celular em células do LP, a análise da ploidia de DNA por citometria de fluxo (CF) ou estática (CE) e, mais recentemente, as técnicas de citogenética e de biologia molecular, como a técnica de hibridação in situ por fluorescência (FISH) e a técnica de amplificação multiplex por sondas ligação - dependentes (MLPA) estas, capazes de detectar alterações em regiões gênicas consideradas \"alvo\" para o desfecho neoplásico. Objetivos 1) Padronizar as técnicas de DNA ploidia, FISH e MLPA em amostras frescas de líquido pleural; 2) Testar a eficiência diagnóstica dos métodos da DNA ploidia e da FISH no diagnóstico de derrame pleural maligno e 3) Avaliar alterações no número de cópias no gene EGFR em metástases pleurais utilizando a técnica de MLPA. Métodos Foram incluídos 200 pacientes adultos portadores de derrame pleural (DP) com indicação de toracocentese. O diagnóstico histológico foi o padrão ouro para malignidade. Características clínicas, radiológicas, histológicas e de seguimento clínico foram considerados para a exclusão de malignidade, de maneira que 130 casos foram classificados como malignos e 70 como benignos. As 200 amostras de LP foram submetidas ao exame citológico e à FISH utilizando sondas centroméricas para os cromossomos 11 e 17. A análise da ploidia de DNA por CF foi realizada em 45 casos de DP e a MLPA com o kit do gene do receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) em 50 casos. Resultados A análise da ploidia de DNA por CF apresentou sensibilidade inferior ao exame citológico, com especificidade próxima (57,0%vs 96,2%; 70,0% vs 66,7%, respectivamente). A FISH isoladamente apresentou sensibilidade de 98,5% e especificidade de 98,6% e de 98,0% e 99,% quando associada ao exame citológico, com apenas um caso falso positivo e dois casos falsos negativos. A técnica de MLPA, padronizada para LP, demonstrou alterações na sequência do gene do EGFR em 28,2% dos casos malignos. Nenhuma amostra de líquido pleural dos casos benignos (controle) apresentou alteração no número de cópias e/ou rearranjos estruturais. Conclusão A análise citogenética de amostras frescas de líquido pleural por FISH é um valioso complemento ao exame citológico no diagnóstico de derrame pleural maligno, particularmente nos casos em que o resultado da citologia oncótica é inconclusiva / Introduction The diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is based on the finding of tumor cells in the pleural fluid or tissue. False positive or false negative results influence the choice of the best therapeutic approach to be used with these patients and substantially change their prognosis. The sensitivity of the cytology is generally lesser than 70%, for which complementary methods are often associated. Factors such as tumor histological type, staging, primary site and potential of invasiveness are responsible for this variation. Among the proposed ancillary tests, we highlight the dosage of tumor markers in pleural fluid (PF), the cytochemical and immunocytochemical techniques, including markers of cell proliferation, DNA ploidy analysis by flow cytometry (FC) or static cytometry (EC) and more recently, the cytogenetics and molecular techniques, as the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the multiplex ligation - dependent probe amplification (MLPA), capable of detecting changes in gene regions considered \"target\" for the neoplastic outcome. Objectives 1) To standardize the techniques of DNA ploidy, FISH and MLPA in fresh samples of pleural fluid; 2) To test the diagnosis efficiency of DNA ploidy and FISH in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion and 3) To evaluate changes in the copy number of the EGFR gene by using the MLPA technique in cases of pleural metastases. Methods We included 200 adult patients with pleural effusion and clinical indication for thoracentesis. The histological diagnosis was considered the gold standard for malignancy. Clinical follow-up, radiological and histological characteristics were considered for exclusion of malignancy, which ranked de cases as 130 malignant effusions and 70 as benign ones. All cases were submitted to cytology and FISH using centromeric probes for the chromosomes 11 and 17. Analysis of DNA ploidy by FC was performed in 45 cases and the MLPA for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in 50 cases. Results DNA ploidy analysis showed less sensitivity than PF cytology, with similar specificity (57.0% vs 96.2% and 70.0% vs 66.7%, respectively). FISH alone had a sensitivity of 98.5% and specificity of 98.6%, and of 98.0% and 99% when associated with cytology. Only one false positive and two false negative cases were observed. The MLPA technique, standardized for PF, showed changes in the EGFR gene in 28.2% of the malignant cases. No samples of pleural fluid from benign cases (control) showed changes in copy number and/or structural rearrangements. Conclusion The cytogenetic analysis of fresh pleural fluid samples by FISH seems to be a valuable method to be associated to cytology in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, particularly in cases of inconclusive cytological results
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Perfil de segurança do uso de polivinilpirrolidona-iodo tópico como agente de pleurodese no tratamento do derrame pleural neoplásico / Safety profile of the use of iodopovidone for pleurodesis as treatment of malignant pleural effusionJosé Dias Andrade Neto 30 January 2015 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O polivinilpirrolidona-iodo (PVP-I) tópico vem sendo descrito como um agente esclerosante para pleurodese de fácil obtenção, baixo custo e com boa eficácia. Apesar disso, sua segurança ainda não foi estudada de maneira sistemática e alguns autores apresentam restrições ao seu uso por relatos de determinados eventos adversos. OBJETIVOS: descrever a ocorrência de eventos adversos sérios e comuns à pleurodese com PVP-I tópico. Avaliar se existe relação de dose-dependência na ocorrência dos eventos adversos; a efetividade clínica e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: ensaio clínico envolvendo pacientes submetidos a pleurodese com PVP-I tópico, randomizados em dois grupos: grupo 1 com PVP-I tópico a 1% e grupo 2 com PVP-I tópico a 2%. A análise de segurança foi baseada na ocorrência de eventos adversos, graduados de acordo com o Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Foram realizadas avaliações clínicas e exames complementares no pré-operatório e em vários momentos do seguimento pós-operatório. Os dados clínicos avaliados foram dor, dispnéia, temperatura, pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, saturação de oxigênio e acuidade visual. Exames complementares envolveram hemograma, função renal, hepática e tireoidiana, eletrocardiograma e radiografia de tórax. A efetividade clínica foi determinada pela necessidade de procedimentos adicionais após a pleurodese e a qualidade de vida através de questionário específico. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 60 pacientes, 30 em cada grupo. Predominou o sexo feminino, em 55 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 55,9 ± 11,7 anos. A etiologia mais comum do derrame pleural foi neoplasia de mama em 43 pacientes, seguida por neoplasia pulmonar e de ovário. Foram encontrados 47 eventos adversos sérios relacionados ao procedimento distribuídos em 34 pacientes nos primeiros 30 dias de avaliação. Foram eles: dor, em onze pacientes, hipertensão em dez, empiema em um, hiponatremia em oito pacientes, elevação da fosfatase alcalina, transaminase oxalacética e transaminase pirúvica em dez, três e um pacientes respectivamente e hipocalemia em um paciente. A taxa de sucesso foi de 96% e não houve mudança na qualidade de vida após o procedimento. Na comparação dos grupos não se observou diferença estatística em relação aos dados avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: Os eventos adversos sérios mais esperados após a realização de pleurodese com PVP-I tópico são dor, hipertensão e alguns distúrbios metabólicos. A pleurodese com PVP-I tópico mostrou ser um procedimento eficaz, mas não ofereceu melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Não se observou relação de dose-dependência na ocorrência dos eventos adversos e na eficácia do procedimento / BACKGROUND: Iodopovidone has been described as a sclerosing agent easily obtained, inexpensive and with good results. Despite this, its safety has not been systematically evaluated and some authors have restrictions to its use because of reports of some adverse events related. OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of common and serious adverse events after iodopovidone pleurodesis. Second endpoints were to describe dose-dependent relation to adverse events, procedure efficacy and patient\'s quality of life. METHODS: clinical trial including patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion, undergone to pleurodesis, randomized into two groups: group 1 received 1% iodopovidone and group 2 received 2% Iodopovidone. We sought adverse events systematically with clinical and complementary evaluations since before pleurodesis and on several times postoperative. Clinical evaluation involved pain analog scale, dyspnea scale, oxygen saturation, heart frequency, arterial blood pressure, body temperature and visual acuity. Complementary evaluation was done by electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and laboratory tests (hemogram, renal function, liver function and thyroid function). All adverse events were graduated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAEV). Efficacy was considered when the patients did not need further pleural procedure after pleurodesis and quality of life analysis was determined by questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty patients were enrolled, thirty in each group, 55 females and 5 males. Mean age was 55,9 ± 11,7. The mainly etiology of malignant pleural effusion was breast cancer, in 43 patients, followed by lung cancer and ovarian tumor. We found 47 serious adverse events, possibly related to iodopovidone pleurodesis that occurred in 34 patients on 30 days follow-up. Most frequent clinical adverse events of these were pain, eleven patients, hypertension, ten and empyema in one patients. Serious metabolic events founded were hyponatremia in eight patients, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increased in ten, three and one patients respectively and hypokalemia in one patient. Success rate occurred in 96%. We didn\'t find change on quality of life after pleurodesis. We found no difference in patient\'s demographical data, occurrence of adverse events, efficacy and quality of life between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Observed common and serious adverse events related to iodopovidone pleurodesis were pain, hypertension, and some metabolic alterations. We found good efficacy for iodopovidone pleurodesis, but no significant change in patient\'s quality of life after procedure. This report does not suggest dose-dependent relation for the occurrence of adverse events
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Etude des effets indésirables pulmonaires associés à la prise de dasatinib : Rôle de la perturbation des fonctions de l’endothélium pulmonaire / Study of the pulmonary side effects associated with the price of dasatinib : Role of the perturbation of the pulmonary endothelium functionsPhan, Carole 28 September 2018 (has links)
Les protéines kinases sont importantes dans de nombreux processus biologiques comme la prolifération, la différenciation, la migration, l’apoptose cellulaire et dans le maintien de l’intégrité de l’ADN. Dans de nombreuses pathologies comme le cancer, ces kinases sont anormalement suractivées. Pour ces raisons, plusieurs inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase (ITK) ont été développés comme le dasatinib (Sprycel®), un ITK ciblant principalement le BCR-Abl et la famille SRC, qui montre une grande efficacité contre la leucémie myéloïde chronique. Cependant, le dasatinib présente aussi d’importants effets indésirables qui se manifestent au niveau pulmonaire, comme le développement d’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) et l’apparition d’épanchements pleuraux dont l’incidence est respectivement de 0,45% et de 15-35%. Ces effets secondaires représentent donc un problème majeur de santé publique. Les mécanismes impliqués dans ces effets indésirables ne sont pas connus.Mon projet de thèse entre donc dans l’étude des mécanismes par lesquels le dasatinib peut induire ces effets indésirables. Dans ce contexte, nous avons testé l’hypothèse que l’utilisation du dasatinib est associée à l’inhibition inappropriée d’une ou de plusieurs kinases qui jouent un rôle central dans l’intégrité de l’endothélium pulmonaire.Mon travail s’est articulé autour de trois grands axes : (1) Le premier axe a visé à déterminer le rôle des atteintes de la perméabilité endothéliale par le dasatinib dans l’apparition d’épanchement pleural ; (2) Le deuxième axe a consisté à étudier les mécanismes impliqués dans l’HTAP induite par le dasatinib ; (3) Le troisième axe a permis d’identifier le rôle de l’inhibition de la protéine kinase c-Abl dans l’intégrité de la cellule endothéliale pulmonaire.L’ensemble de nos données montre que le dasatinib altère, à forte dose, les fonctions des cellules endothéliales pulmonaires et ainsi fragilise l’intégrité vasculaire. Tout d’abord, nous avons en effet pu mettre en évidence qu’un traitement quotidien à fortes doses de dasatinib chez le rat augmente la perméabilité endothéliale et conduit à l’apparition d’épanchements pleuraux. De manière intéressante, nous avons pu démontrer que cette augmentation de perméabilité endothéliale est liée à une génération de dérivés oxygénés capable de redistribuer les protéines de jonctions intercellulaires. Deuxièmement, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que le dasatinib, à forte dose, induit une apoptose des cellules endothéliales (CE) pulmonaires, un phénomène lié en partie à la génération d’un stress oxydant d’origine mitochondriale. De plus, nous avons noté que des prétraitements de rats avec du dasatinib conféraient une prédisposition à l’hypertension pulmonaire expérimentale par la mise en place d’une dysfonction endothéliale. Ces dernières observations n’ont pas été retrouvées avec d’autres ITK proches du dasatinib comme l’imatinib. Enfin, nous avons pu identifier que c-Abl est une protéine kinase clef de l’intégrité de la cellule endothéliale pulmonaire. En effet, son inhibition par certain ITK conduit à un défaut de réparation des cassures ADN et ainsi à une altération de certaines fonctions des cellules endothéliales.En conclusion, les effets indésirables pulmonaires associés au dasatinib semblent directement liés à une perte de l’homéostasie de l’endothélium pulmonaire par des mécanismes faisant appel à la génération de stress oxydatif mitochondrial, à l’induction d’apoptose et à la perte de perméabilité vasculaire. / By catalysing reversible phosphorylation of their substrates, protein kinases play central role in regulating a multitude of cellular processes, including division, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation as well as in the maintenance of DNA integrity. Since deregulation of different protein kinases contribute to several human disorders, a multitude of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibiting various kinases have been developed and some of them are currently approved for different indications, and many more are under development. Dasatinib (Sprycel®), an orally available short-acting dual ABL/SRC tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is an effective treatment for Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and for all phases of Philadelphia-positive CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy, including imatinib. However, dasatinib treatment is associated with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; 0.45%) and pleural effusion (15-35%). These serious pulmonary adverse events represent a serious public health problem.Therefore, my PhD project is seeking to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these pulmonary adverse events induced by dasatinib. My work has followed three different strategic axes seeking to: 1) Determine whether dasatinib alters endothelial integrity, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular endothelial permeability and pleural effusion; 2) Study the mechanisms involved in the long-term development of dasatinib-induced PAH; 3) Precise the role of c-Abl protein kinase inhibition in pulmonary endothelial cell DNA integrity.First, our data indicate that dasatinib can lead to pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and thus affect vascular integrity. Interestingly, we demonstrated that this increased endothelial permeability is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism in vitro and in vivo. Second, we also found that high doses of dasatinib induce pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress and cause endothelial cell apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, we found that pretreatment of rats with dasatinib leads pulmonary endothelial dysfunction and confers increased susceptibility to experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in contrast to rats pretreated with imatinib or vehicle. Finally, we identified c-Abl as a key protein kinase in pulmonary endothelial cells, since its inhibition by dasatinib and ponatinib leads to impaired DNA repair in human pulmonary endothelial cells.Taken together, my PhD results demonstrate the importance played by damage to the pulmonary endothelium in the onset of dasatinib-induced PAH and pleural effusion.
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