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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Laminar Plunging Jets - Interfacial Rupture and Inception of Entrainment

Kishore, Aravind 27 October 2014 (has links)
No description available.
2

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FREE SURFACE NON-HYDROSTATIC MODELING OF PLUNGING WATER WITH TURBULENCE AND AIR ENTRAINED TRANSPORT

Yee, Tien Mun 01 January 2009 (has links)
The advance in computational fluid dynamics in recent years has provided the opportunity for many fluid dynamic problems to be analyzed numerically. One such problem concerns the modeling of plunging water into a still water body, often encountered in pump stations. Air bubbles introduced into the system by the plunging jet can be a significant problem, especially when consumed into operating pumps. The classical approach to investigate the hydrodynamics of plunging jet in pump stations is by physical model studies. This approach is time consuming, tedious and costly. The availability of computational power today, along with appropriate numerical techniques, allows such phenomenon to be studied in a greater level of detail and more cost efficient. Despite the advantages of numerical studies, little attention has been devoted to solve the plunging jet and air transport problem numerically. In this current work, a 3-dimensional finite volume, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) code is developed to simulate these flow conditions. For turbulent flow, the large scale quantities were numerically resolved while the dynamic sub-grid scale model is used to model the small scale energy dissipations. The code also has the capability to handle free surface deformation, an important aspect in simulating the impact section of an impinging jet. Modeling of the air entrainment is performed numerically utilizing the information obtained from the hydrodynamics. Migration of air bubbles is modeled using the scalar transport equation, modified to account for the buoyancy of the bubbles. Instead of the typical Lagrangian schemes, which track individual air bubbles, air bubble dynamics are modeled in the form of concentrations. Modeling air bubbles in this manner is computational efficient and simpler to implement. For the air entrainment simulations, standard numerical boundaries conditions and empirical entrainment equations are used to provide the necessary boundary conditions. The developed model is compared with the literature, producing satisfactory results, suggesting that the code has an excellent potential of extending its application to practical industry practices.
3

Experimentelle Untersuchung der Thermofluiddynamik bei der Kontaktkondensation von Dampf an unterkühlter Flüssigkeit in einem weiten Druckbereich

Seidel, Tobias 20 February 2020 (has links)
Verlässliche Vorhersagen zum Verlauf von Störfallszenarien in Reaktorsystemen sind mit CFD-Modellen möglich, wenn diese anhand von Experimenten entwickelt und validiert sind. Motiviert durch die Vorgänge, die bei einem Thermoshock-Szenario unter Druck im Primärkreis eines Druckwasserreaktors entstehen, wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Experimente zur Direktkontaktkondensation von Dampf an unterkühltem Wasser bei hohen Drücken untersucht. Der beschriebene Versuchsaufbau erlaubt es, in einer Anlage, die drei Phänomene geschichtete Strömung, Strahl und Blasenmitriss zu untersuchen. Eine umfassende Instrumentierung ermöglichte es, besonders viele Informationen aus den Experimenten zu erfassen. Verschiedene bildgebende Messverfahren erlauben einen besonderen Einblick in die Strömung ohne Rückkopplung ins Fluid zu haben. Einzelne Mess- und Auswertemethoden wurden extra für die Untersuchung entwickelt und beschrieben. Vor Allem die Messergebnisse der Strahlexperimente mit Kondensation sind umfangreich und neuartig. Die starke Turbulenz im Inneren der untersuchten Strahlen führen zu den höchsten Kondensationsraten in den vorliegenden Experimenten. Hier wurden die Strahldurchmesser-Verläufe für verschiedene Randbedingungen verglichen, um zu zeigen, wie stark die Kondensation an Strahlen vom Umgebungsdruck abhängt. Die Gas-Mitriss-Experimente sind die ersten dokumentierten Versuche dieser Art. Sie zeigen, dass das mitgerissene Gas bei Eintrittsunterkühlungen oberhalb von 10 K sofort an der Eintrittsstelle kondensiert. Es kommt nicht zur Bildung von Blasen oder zum Mitriss nach unten. Vielmehr ist ausschließlich ein negativer Meniskus zu erkennen, der eine von den Randbedingungen abhängige Geometrie hat. Je geringer die Eintritts-Unterkühlung und je höher die Strahlgeschwindigkeit ist, desto tiefer dringt der Gas-Meniskus in die Wasservorlage ein. Die Menge an mitgerissenem Gas ist auch bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten klein gegenüber der Kondensationsmenge am Strahl. Die Experimente wurden im Wesentlichen darauf ausgelegt, Daten für den Vergleich mit CFD-Simulationen zu liefern. Vor allem der Einfluss des Umgebungsdruckes auf die Strahlgeometrie und die Kondensationsrate sollte weiter untersucht und in Simulationen abgebildet werden.:1. Motivation 2. Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik 2.1. Kondensation in geschichteter Strömung 2.2. Geometrie von Freistrahlen 2.3. Kondensation am Freistrahl 2.4. Blasenmitriss 2.5. Blasenmitriss bei gleichzeitiger Kondensation 2.6. Modellierung 2.7. Anwendung der Erkenntnisse auf den Hypothetischen Störfall 3. Versuchsanlage 3.1. Messtechnik 3.1.1. Schnelle Temperaturmesstechnik 3.1.2. Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera 3.1.3. Infrarotkamera 3.1.4. Temperatur- und Druckmesslanzen 3.2. Abgeleitete Größen 3.3. Messung der Kondensationsrate 3.4. Geschwindigkeits- und Turbulenzmessung 4. Experimente und Ergebnisse 4.1. Geschichtete Strömung 4.2. Freistrahl 4.3. Gasmitriss 5. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / Reliable predictions on the behaviour of accident scenarios in reactor systems are possible with CFD models if they have been developed and validated on the basis of experiments. Motivated by the processes that occur in a Pressurized Thermal Shock scenario in the primary circuit of a Pressurized Water Reactor, experiments on the Direct Contact Condensation of steam on subcooled water were investigated at high pressures. The described experimental setup allows to study all three phenomena: stratified flow, jet and bubble entrainment. Comprehensive instrumentation made it possible to gather a considerable amount of information from the experiments. Various imaging techniques allow a particular insight in the flow without feedback into the fluid. Some of the measurement and evaluation methods were specifically developed for the investigation and have been described. Especially the measurement results of the jet experiments with condensation are comprehensive and unique. The strong turbulence inside the examined jets results in the highest condensation rates in these experiments. Here, the jet diameter profiles were compared for different boundary conditions in order to show that condensation in jets is strongly influenced by ambient pressure. The gas entrainment experiments are the first documented experiments of their kind. They show that the entrained gas condenses immediately at the point of entrainment with inlet subcooling above 10 K. There is no formation of bubbles or entrainment downwards. Only a negative meniscus is visible, which has a geometry dependent on the boundary conditions. The lower the inlet subcooling and the higher the jet velocity, the deeper the gas meniscus penetrates into the water layer. The amount of entrained gas is small in comparison to the amount of condensation at the jet even at high velocities. The experiments were essentially designed to provide data for comparison with CFD simulations. In particular, the influence of the ambient pressure on the beam geometry and the condensation rate should be further investigated and reproduced in simulations.:1. Motivation 2. Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik 2.1. Kondensation in geschichteter Strömung 2.2. Geometrie von Freistrahlen 2.3. Kondensation am Freistrahl 2.4. Blasenmitriss 2.5. Blasenmitriss bei gleichzeitiger Kondensation 2.6. Modellierung 2.7. Anwendung der Erkenntnisse auf den Hypothetischen Störfall 3. Versuchsanlage 3.1. Messtechnik 3.1.1. Schnelle Temperaturmesstechnik 3.1.2. Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera 3.1.3. Infrarotkamera 3.1.4. Temperatur- und Druckmesslanzen 3.2. Abgeleitete Größen 3.3. Messung der Kondensationsrate 3.4. Geschwindigkeits- und Turbulenzmessung 4. Experimente und Ergebnisse 4.1. Geschichtete Strömung 4.2. Freistrahl 4.3. Gasmitriss 5. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
4

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Characteristics of Submerged Horizontal Gas Jets and Vertical Plunging Water Jets in Water Ambient

Harby Mohamed Abd Alaal, Khaled 07 December 2012 (has links)
En este estudio se han construido dos diferentes instalaciones para investigar primero los chorros de gas horizontales y en segundo lugar los chorros verticales de agua que impactan sobre superficies libres de fluido, también se ha desarrollado un modelo numérico integral para predecir las trayectorias de estos jets y sus parámetros más importantes, validándose con los resultados experimentales obtenidos. En la primera parte de este trabajo, se han realizado experimentos para investigar el comportamiento de chorros de gas horizontales penetrando en agua. Los resultados experimentales indicaron que la longitud de penetración de los chorros de gas está fuertemente influenciada por el diámetro de la boquilla y el número de Froude, así como con el flujo de masa de de entrada y su momento. Aumentar el número de Froude y el diámetro del inyector lleva a aumentar la inestabilidad de jet. Además, la máxima ubicación antes de jet pinch-off se muestra que mantiene una relación logarítmica con el número de Froude para todos los diámetros de jet. Se han desarrollado correlaciones empíricas para predecir estos parámetros. Se ha desarrollado un modelo basado en la integración de las ecuaciones de conservación para que resulte útil en el diseño de aplicaciones en las que participen chorros horizontales así como para asistir a la investigación experimental. Las predicciones del modelo integral se comparan con los datos de los datos experimentales obtenidos con muy buenos resultados. En la segunda parte de este trabajo, se realizaron una serie de experimentos con de chorros de agua, inyectados verticalmente hacia abajo, a través de toberas circulares que impactan sobre una superficie de agua. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la profundidad de penetración de la burbuja disminuye con la longitud del chorro, pero que después de ciertas condiciones se mantiene casi constante. Además ésta aumenta con los diámetros de la boquilla y la velocidad del chorro. La velocidad de arrastre / Harby Mohamed Abd Alaal, K. (2012). Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Characteristics of Submerged Horizontal Gas Jets and Vertical Plunging Water Jets in Water Ambient [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/18065
5

Considerações sobre dissipação de energia a jusante de vertedouros salto esqui / Aspects to consider about energy dissipation downstream of a ski-jump spillyay

Borja, João Gerdau de January 2012 (has links)
Em aproveitamentos hídricos, onde podem estar envolvidas elevadas alturas de água armazenada, o vertedouro é a estrutura hidráulica responsável por conduzir com segurança o escoamento que excede a capacidade de armazenamento do reservatório. Neste aspecto, é necessário considerar o processo de dissipação de energia a fim de proteger o pé da barragem e a própria estrutura do vertedouro contra a ação erosiva da água. Este fluxo que é descarregado é usualmente amortecido por um colchão d’água, o qual é delimitado em uma bacia de dissipação projetada com intuito de resistir aos esforços impostos pelo escoamento. Em grandes barramentos, a utilização de um vertedouro tipo salto esqui, que é caracterizado por um defletor de fluxo no final de sua calha, possibilita que não haja necessidade de revestir o leito próximo do pé da barragem, pois a incidência do jato lançado ocorre distante deste local. Desta maneira, a dissipação da energia é efetuada sobre o próprio leito do rio, sendo formada uma fossa de erosão, contudo, dependendo da resistência do leito e de suas características anisotrópicas, os padrões de recirculação do fluxo podem fazer a fossa evoluir para uma situação nociva. Por isso, desde a fase de projeto desse tipo de vertedouro, monitoramento e previsões da progressão da fossa são essenciais. Então, conforme proposta deste trabalho, abordou-se cada fenômeno que influencia no potencial erosivo do jato, como a turbulência em sua emissão e o grau de difusão do mesmo no colchão d’água. Assim, com ensaios sobre modelo físico, foi possível desenvolver duas metodologias, aplicáveis tanto para a verificação da erosão de material granular na superfície de leitos, quanto para o interior de leitos rochosos fissurados, cujas forças atuantes em um bloco de rocha isolado, podem vencer seu peso submerso e o destacar da matriz. / In hydroelectric plants, which may be involved elevated heights of stored water, the dam spillway is responsible for safely flow the water that exceeds the storage capacity of the reservoir. In this respect, it is necessary to consider the process of energy dissipation in order to protect the base of the dam and the spillway structure itself against the erosive action of the water. This stream discharged is usually cushioned by a waterbed, which is bounded into a stilling basin designed with the purpose of resist the efforts imposed by the flow. In large dams, the use of a ski jump spillway type, which is characterized by a flow deflector at the end of its chute, allows no need lining the bed near the foot of the dam, since the impact of the jet is launched away this location. Thus, the energy dissipation is performed on the riverbed itself, generating a scour hole, however, depending on the resistance of the bed and its anisotropic features, patterns of flow recirculation can evolve the pit into a harmful state. For this reason, since the design phase of this type of spillway, monitoring and predicting the progression of the pit are essential. Then, according to the proposal of this work, it was dealt with each phenomenon that influences the erosive potential of the jet, as the turbulence at its issue on the air, and the level of its diffusion of on waterbed. Based on physical model tests, it was possible to develop two methodologies, applicable both for verifying erosion of granular material from the surface of the bottom, as for analyze the interior of a fissured bedrock, which the forces acting on an isolated block of rock can overcome its submerged weight and uplift it off the matrix.
6

Considerações sobre dissipação de energia a jusante de vertedouros salto esqui / Aspects to consider about energy dissipation downstream of a ski-jump spillyay

Borja, João Gerdau de January 2012 (has links)
Em aproveitamentos hídricos, onde podem estar envolvidas elevadas alturas de água armazenada, o vertedouro é a estrutura hidráulica responsável por conduzir com segurança o escoamento que excede a capacidade de armazenamento do reservatório. Neste aspecto, é necessário considerar o processo de dissipação de energia a fim de proteger o pé da barragem e a própria estrutura do vertedouro contra a ação erosiva da água. Este fluxo que é descarregado é usualmente amortecido por um colchão d’água, o qual é delimitado em uma bacia de dissipação projetada com intuito de resistir aos esforços impostos pelo escoamento. Em grandes barramentos, a utilização de um vertedouro tipo salto esqui, que é caracterizado por um defletor de fluxo no final de sua calha, possibilita que não haja necessidade de revestir o leito próximo do pé da barragem, pois a incidência do jato lançado ocorre distante deste local. Desta maneira, a dissipação da energia é efetuada sobre o próprio leito do rio, sendo formada uma fossa de erosão, contudo, dependendo da resistência do leito e de suas características anisotrópicas, os padrões de recirculação do fluxo podem fazer a fossa evoluir para uma situação nociva. Por isso, desde a fase de projeto desse tipo de vertedouro, monitoramento e previsões da progressão da fossa são essenciais. Então, conforme proposta deste trabalho, abordou-se cada fenômeno que influencia no potencial erosivo do jato, como a turbulência em sua emissão e o grau de difusão do mesmo no colchão d’água. Assim, com ensaios sobre modelo físico, foi possível desenvolver duas metodologias, aplicáveis tanto para a verificação da erosão de material granular na superfície de leitos, quanto para o interior de leitos rochosos fissurados, cujas forças atuantes em um bloco de rocha isolado, podem vencer seu peso submerso e o destacar da matriz. / In hydroelectric plants, which may be involved elevated heights of stored water, the dam spillway is responsible for safely flow the water that exceeds the storage capacity of the reservoir. In this respect, it is necessary to consider the process of energy dissipation in order to protect the base of the dam and the spillway structure itself against the erosive action of the water. This stream discharged is usually cushioned by a waterbed, which is bounded into a stilling basin designed with the purpose of resist the efforts imposed by the flow. In large dams, the use of a ski jump spillway type, which is characterized by a flow deflector at the end of its chute, allows no need lining the bed near the foot of the dam, since the impact of the jet is launched away this location. Thus, the energy dissipation is performed on the riverbed itself, generating a scour hole, however, depending on the resistance of the bed and its anisotropic features, patterns of flow recirculation can evolve the pit into a harmful state. For this reason, since the design phase of this type of spillway, monitoring and predicting the progression of the pit are essential. Then, according to the proposal of this work, it was dealt with each phenomenon that influences the erosive potential of the jet, as the turbulence at its issue on the air, and the level of its diffusion of on waterbed. Based on physical model tests, it was possible to develop two methodologies, applicable both for verifying erosion of granular material from the surface of the bottom, as for analyze the interior of a fissured bedrock, which the forces acting on an isolated block of rock can overcome its submerged weight and uplift it off the matrix.
7

Considerações sobre dissipação de energia a jusante de vertedouros salto esqui / Aspects to consider about energy dissipation downstream of a ski-jump spillyay

Borja, João Gerdau de January 2012 (has links)
Em aproveitamentos hídricos, onde podem estar envolvidas elevadas alturas de água armazenada, o vertedouro é a estrutura hidráulica responsável por conduzir com segurança o escoamento que excede a capacidade de armazenamento do reservatório. Neste aspecto, é necessário considerar o processo de dissipação de energia a fim de proteger o pé da barragem e a própria estrutura do vertedouro contra a ação erosiva da água. Este fluxo que é descarregado é usualmente amortecido por um colchão d’água, o qual é delimitado em uma bacia de dissipação projetada com intuito de resistir aos esforços impostos pelo escoamento. Em grandes barramentos, a utilização de um vertedouro tipo salto esqui, que é caracterizado por um defletor de fluxo no final de sua calha, possibilita que não haja necessidade de revestir o leito próximo do pé da barragem, pois a incidência do jato lançado ocorre distante deste local. Desta maneira, a dissipação da energia é efetuada sobre o próprio leito do rio, sendo formada uma fossa de erosão, contudo, dependendo da resistência do leito e de suas características anisotrópicas, os padrões de recirculação do fluxo podem fazer a fossa evoluir para uma situação nociva. Por isso, desde a fase de projeto desse tipo de vertedouro, monitoramento e previsões da progressão da fossa são essenciais. Então, conforme proposta deste trabalho, abordou-se cada fenômeno que influencia no potencial erosivo do jato, como a turbulência em sua emissão e o grau de difusão do mesmo no colchão d’água. Assim, com ensaios sobre modelo físico, foi possível desenvolver duas metodologias, aplicáveis tanto para a verificação da erosão de material granular na superfície de leitos, quanto para o interior de leitos rochosos fissurados, cujas forças atuantes em um bloco de rocha isolado, podem vencer seu peso submerso e o destacar da matriz. / In hydroelectric plants, which may be involved elevated heights of stored water, the dam spillway is responsible for safely flow the water that exceeds the storage capacity of the reservoir. In this respect, it is necessary to consider the process of energy dissipation in order to protect the base of the dam and the spillway structure itself against the erosive action of the water. This stream discharged is usually cushioned by a waterbed, which is bounded into a stilling basin designed with the purpose of resist the efforts imposed by the flow. In large dams, the use of a ski jump spillway type, which is characterized by a flow deflector at the end of its chute, allows no need lining the bed near the foot of the dam, since the impact of the jet is launched away this location. Thus, the energy dissipation is performed on the riverbed itself, generating a scour hole, however, depending on the resistance of the bed and its anisotropic features, patterns of flow recirculation can evolve the pit into a harmful state. For this reason, since the design phase of this type of spillway, monitoring and predicting the progression of the pit are essential. Then, according to the proposal of this work, it was dealt with each phenomenon that influences the erosive potential of the jet, as the turbulence at its issue on the air, and the level of its diffusion of on waterbed. Based on physical model tests, it was possible to develop two methodologies, applicable both for verifying erosion of granular material from the surface of the bottom, as for analyze the interior of a fissured bedrock, which the forces acting on an isolated block of rock can overcome its submerged weight and uplift it off the matrix.

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