El constante incremento en la demanda de servicios de banda ancha y el consecuente aumento del volumen de tráfico que se genera en nuestras redes de comunicaciones, han motivado la necesidad de implementar redes de nueva generación en nuestros territorios. El presente proyecto final de carrera tiene como objetivo explicar el diseno y la planificación de una red pasiva de fibra óptica (PON). La idea principal de este proyecto es construir un entorno ficticio que nos permitirá profundizar en detalle en las redes FTTx y decidir cuál es la opción más optima para este entorno. Para hacer esto posible, en primer lugar se va a hablar sobre el elemento principal de estas redes, la fibra óptica, para conocer con detalle sus principios de funcionamiento y sus características más importantes. La parte teórica seguirá con la definición de las redes FTTx y las configuraciones punto a punto y punto a multipunto, para pasar a hablar detenidamente sobre las redes PON y concluir cual de sus tecnologías será la más optima hoy en día. Por último, entraremos en la parte práctica en la que se elegirá un software de simulación que se ajuste a los requisitos de diseno, se realizará el diseno de la red óptica pasiva y se obtendrán los resultados de simulación que justifiquen que la red es viable y puede ser implementada en un caso real.

The purpose of this master’s thesis is to explain the issues of the FTTx network design. The main idea of this work is to describe to readers the methods of the designing the optical access networks. Especially we will speak about the building technologies and different topologies used in a practice. The different technologies of optical access networks’ building and various parameters, which are necessary to take into account in the designing of these networks, will be introduced. In the theoretical part, methods of measurement, which are like the needed part of each optical access networks’ building, will be described. Two purposes of the FTTB networks with all proprieties will be made and offered. One purpose will be solved by Point to Point topology and the second purpose will be solved by Point to Multipoint topology. Following the confrontation one of these purposes will be chosen and realized. By ITU recommendation, measurements will be performed on the built optical trace. The final protocols will be elaborated from these measurements. The built trace with all final reports will be prepared for assignment to the subscriber.

Given the current developments and advances in the scientific and technological aspects of human knowledge and introducing new approaches in various fields of telecommunication technologies and industries, there has been an increasing growth in its players¿ plans and a positive change in their outlooks in order to achieve the target of "anywhere and anytime access". Recent developments of WiMAX (Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access) networks, as a sign of increasing needs and demands for new telecommunication services and capabilities, have led to revolutions in global telecommunication which should be perceived properly in terms of the commercial and technical aspects in order to enjoy the new opportunities. Most experts believe that WiMAX technology is a preliminary step to develop Fourth Generation networks known as 4G technologies. It has not only succeeded in the utilization of several of the latest telecommunication techniques in the form of unique practical standards, but also paved the way for the quantitative and qualitative developments of high-speed broadband access. IEEE 802.16 Standard introduces several advantages, and one of them is the support for Quality of Services (QoS) at the Media Access Control (MAC) level. For these purposes, the standard defines several scheduling classes at MAC layer to treat service flow in a different way, depending on QoS requirements. In this thesis, we have proposed a new QoS framework for Point-to-Multi Point (PMP) 802.16 systems operating in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode over a WirelessMAN-OFDM physical layer. The proposed framework consists of a Call Admission Control (CAC) module and a scheduling scheme for the uplink traffic as well as a simple frame allocation scheme. The proposed CAC module interacts with the uplink scheduler status and it makes its decision based on the scheduler queue status; on the other hand, the proposed scheduling scheme for the uplink traffic aims to support realtime flows and adapts the frame-by-frame allocations to the current needs of the connections, with respect to the grants boundaries fixed by the CAC module. Extensive OPNET simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

This thesis discuss about the problem with mobility of stations in IP networks, concretely protocol Mobile IP and about the problems with this protocol in MANET networks, with the scope on Motorola MESH. First part is about design integration of protocol Mobile IP in this networks with usage Tropos 5210 MetroMesh routers and Cisco components (router, switch) to design and configure wireless MESH network, than connect this network with Cisco components and try to implement Mobile IP into this network. Second part is about design and configure wireless network from Cisco Wireless Access Points and about succesfully implementation of Mobile IP protocol into this network. In the last part is some tests of the function and quality of this topology.

La tendance à la numérisation de nombreux secteurs industriels tels que l’automobile, l’agriculture, les transports, la gestion urbaine, etc. révèle la nécessité de nouveaux usages des services de communication point-à-multipoint, tels que la fourniture massive de mises à jour logicielles et livraison fiable de messages d’alerte à la population, etc. D’un autre côté, la mise en logiciel des réseaux de nouvelle génération, avec notamment l’adoption croissante des réseaux définis par logiciel (SDN), apporte au réseau la flexibilité et les capacités de programmation permettant de prendre en charge des services de distribution point-à-multipoint de manière rentable. Cette thèse contribue au problème général de la fourniture de services de communication point-à-multipoint avec des exigences de qualité de service (QoS) dans un réseau SDN multi-domaines. Il considère également que certains des domaines sont des réseaux multi-sauts sans-fil. Tout d’abord, une technique d’agrégation de topologie de domaine basée sur une arborescence de Steiner, combinée à un algorithme heuristique d’allocation de ressources, sont proposés pour prendre en charge des services point-à-multipoint couvrant plusieurs domaines. Ensuite, un service de découverte de topologie générique est proposé pour les réseaux multi-sauts sans-fil basés sur le SDN afin de permettre au contrôleur SDN de créer et de gérer une vue complète du réseau avec divers attributs de nœud et de liaison sans-fil. Le contrôleur peut alors exposer des vues personnalisées aux applications de contrôle du réseau, telles que, par exemple, l’application en charge de la fourniture de services point-à-multipoint sur un réseau multi-sauts sans-fil basé sur le paradigme SDN. Un algorithme basé sur la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers et un algorithme génétique sont également proposés pour l’allocation de liens virtuels point-à-multipoint sur un réseau sans-fil multi-radio, multi-canaux et multi-sauts basé sur SDN. Enfin, pour traiter le cas des services dynamiques point-à-multipoint, nous proposons un schéma de réallocation de ressources qui répond aux exigences changeantes tout en réduisant les interuptions de service. / The movement towards the digitalization of many industry sectors such as automotive, agriculture, transportation, city management, etc. is revealing the need for novel usages of point-to-multipoint network delivery services, such as massive delivery of software updates to objects, secure and reliable delivery of alert messages to population, etc. On another side, the softwarization of next generation networks, with amongst, the increasing adoption of Software Defined Networks (SDN) is bringing to the network the flexibility and programming capabilities that enable the support of point-to-multipoint delivery services in an efficient and cost-effective way. This PhD work contributes to the general problem of providing point-tomultipoint delivery services with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in a multidomain SDN network. It also considers that some of the domains are wireless multi hop networks. First, a Steiner tree based network domain topology aggregation combined with a resource allocation heuristic algorithm is proposed to support point-to-multipoint delivery services that span multiple domains. Then, a generic topology discovery service is proposed for SDN based wireless multi-hop networks to let the SDN controller build and maintain a comprehensive view of the network with various node and wireless link attributes. From there, customized views can be exposed by the controller to network control applications, as, for instance, the application in charge of provisioning point-to-multipoint services on a SDN based wireless multi-hop network. An Integer linear programming based algorithm and a genetic algorithm are also proposed for the embedding of point-to-multipoint services on a SDN based multi-radio, multi-channel and multi-hop wireless network. Last, to address the case of dynamic point-to-multipoint services, we propose a resource reallocation scheme that meets the changing requirements while reducing service disruption.