京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21580号 / 理博第4487号 / 新制||理||1644(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 宮﨑 真一, 教授 福田 洋一, 教授 橋本 学 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Södra DuraPulp is a relatively new eco-composite, made from natural wood fibers and polylactic acid (PLA), which comes from corn starch. Until now, there are only few applications for DuraPulp, mainly in the area of design. To find new fields of application, more knowledge about its mechanical material properties are of great interest.This study deals with characterizing the mechanical properties of DuraPulp in an analytical way by means of micromechanical modelling and evaluation with help of Matlab. The mechanical properties for PLA were taken from scientific literature. Not all properties of the wood fibers could be found in literature (particularly Poisson’s ratios were unavailable). Therefore, they partly had to be assumed within reasonable boundaries. These assumptions are later validated regarding their influence on the final product.Figures and tables were used to present and compare the in- and out-of-plane E-Moduli, shear moduli and Poisson’s ratios of DuraPulp. The calculated in-plane E-Moduli were then compared to those obtained from an earlier study, where DuraPulp was tested in tension. The results showed that experimental and analytical values are very similar to each other. / Södra DuraPulp är en relativt ny eco-komposit, tillverkat av naturliga trä fibrer och polylactic syra som kommer från majsstärkelser. I dagsläget finns det få användningsområden för DuraPulp, huvudsakligen används det inom design. För att expandera användningsområdet behövs det mer kunskaper angående de mekaniska egenskaperna för materialet. Studien handlar om att karakterisera de mekaniska egenskaperna för DuraPulp på ett analytiskt sätt i form av mikro-mekanisk modellering och evaluering med hjälp av Matlab. De huvudsakliga mekaniska egenskaperna för PLA kunde hämtas från flera vetenskapliga källor, men de motsvarande mekaniska egenskaperna för fibrer kunde inte alla valideras. Delvis antogs dem i rimliga gränser och deras inverkan validerades med hjälp av en parameter studie.Figurer och tabeller användes för att presentera och jämföra in- och ut-plan E-Moduler, skjuvmoduler och tvärkontraktionstalen av DuraPulp. De beräknade in-plan E-modulerna för DuraPulp jämfördes med motsvarande E-moduler från en tidigare studie där DuraPulp genomgick dragtest. Resultatet visade att analytiska och experimentella värden överensstämmer bra med varandra.

É apresentado um estudo sobre a influência da escolha dos parâmetros constitutivos no comportamento de misturas asfálticas, estudando o comportamento do material tanto no regime linear como o regime não-linear de deformações. Foram utilizados os dados experimentais da dissertação de Brito (2006), no qual realizou ensaios de compressão diametral medindo simultaneamente deslocamentos horizontais e verticais, além de que seus ensaios contemplavam corpos-de-prova variando o índice de vazios, crucial para as análises da presente tese. Comparou-se o comportamento das misturas de Brito extraindo-se delas as compliancias de cisalhamento J(t), de compressibilidade B(t) e a curva de fluência D(t) com coeficiente de Poisson assumido como constante. Os resultados das análises no regime linear mostraram que a consideração do coeficiente de Poisson implica alteração do comportamento do material em função do índice de vazios, resultando curvas de fluência diferentes na horizontal e vertical, não condizendo com a lógica de aumento da rigidez com a queda do índice de vazios. Provou-se também que o coeficiente de Poisson é totalmente incorreto para materiais viscoelásticos e assumi-lo como constante negligencia grau de viscoelasticidade do mesmo. Na análise não- linear, as principais conclusões foram que o uso do coeficiente de Poisson pode superestimar a rigidez do material quando este está em fluência não-linear, além de que independentemente do coeficiente de Poisson, o uso da Teoria de Potencial de Trabalho de Schapery não deve ser aplicado se considerada a fase de condicionamento nos dados do ensaio de fadiga, onde foi proposto um modelo para tal consideração que apresentou resultados de previsão satisfatórios frente aos resultados experimentais. Por fim, concluiu-se que o uso do coeficiente de Poisson em misturas asfálticas deve ser abandonado, recomendando-se o uso das compliancias J(t) e B(t), pois são parâmetros constitutivos fundamentais e sem as limitações impostas pelo coeficiente de Poisson. Além disto, recomenda-se cuidado no uso da Teoria do Potencial de Trabalho, não adaptada para a fase de condicionamento do material, recomendando-se uso de modelo auxiliar para, sugerindo-se assim o modelo deduzido nesta tese para uso conjunto com a Teoria do Potencial de Trabalho. / A study on the influence of the choice of constitutive parameters on the behavior of asphalt mixtures, studying the behavior of the material both in the linear and non-linear level of strains. The experimental data from the dissertation of Brito (2006) has been used, which performed indirect tensile tests measuring both horizontal and vertical displacements. The material tested by Brito has taken into account a reasonable range of air voids, which was crucial for the analysis of this thesis. The behavior of the mixes has been compared extracting from them the shear compliances J(t), compressibility B (t) and creep compliance D (t) with Poisson's ratio assumed as constant. The analysis results in the linear level of strains has shown that the consideration of Poisson's ratio implies change in material behavior in function of the air voids, resulting different creep compliances in the horizontal and vertical, not matching the logic increasing of stiffness with the decreasing of the air voids. It was also proved that the Poisson ratio is totally incorrect for viscoelastic materials and assume it as constant neglect of degree of viscoelasticity. In nonlinear analysis, the main conclusions were that the use of Poisson's ratio may overestimate the stiffness of the material when it is in nonlinear creep, despite the use of Poisson's ratio, the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory should not be applied if considered in the conditioning phase of the fatigue test data, where a model was proposed for such consideration and the results were satisfactory prediction compared to experimental results. Finally, it was concluded that the use of Poisson's ratio in asphalt mixtures must be abandoned, recommending the use of compliances J (t) and B (t), which are fundamental constitutive parameters without the constraints imposed by the Poisson’s ratio. Moreover, caution is advised in the use of the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory, not adapted to the conditioning phase of the material, recommending the use of auxiliary model, thus suggesting the model deduced in this thesis for use in conjunction with the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory.

É apresentado um estudo sobre a influência da escolha dos parâmetros constitutivos no comportamento de misturas asfálticas, estudando o comportamento do material tanto no regime linear como o regime não-linear de deformações. Foram utilizados os dados experimentais da dissertação de Brito (2006), no qual realizou ensaios de compressão diametral medindo simultaneamente deslocamentos horizontais e verticais, além de que seus ensaios contemplavam corpos-de-prova variando o índice de vazios, crucial para as análises da presente tese. Comparou-se o comportamento das misturas de Brito extraindo-se delas as compliancias de cisalhamento J(t), de compressibilidade B(t) e a curva de fluência D(t) com coeficiente de Poisson assumido como constante. Os resultados das análises no regime linear mostraram que a consideração do coeficiente de Poisson implica alteração do comportamento do material em função do índice de vazios, resultando curvas de fluência diferentes na horizontal e vertical, não condizendo com a lógica de aumento da rigidez com a queda do índice de vazios. Provou-se também que o coeficiente de Poisson é totalmente incorreto para materiais viscoelásticos e assumi-lo como constante negligencia grau de viscoelasticidade do mesmo. Na análise não- linear, as principais conclusões foram que o uso do coeficiente de Poisson pode superestimar a rigidez do material quando este está em fluência não-linear, além de que independentemente do coeficiente de Poisson, o uso da Teoria de Potencial de Trabalho de Schapery não deve ser aplicado se considerada a fase de condicionamento nos dados do ensaio de fadiga, onde foi proposto um modelo para tal consideração que apresentou resultados de previsão satisfatórios frente aos resultados experimentais. Por fim, concluiu-se que o uso do coeficiente de Poisson em misturas asfálticas deve ser abandonado, recomendando-se o uso das compliancias J(t) e B(t), pois são parâmetros constitutivos fundamentais e sem as limitações impostas pelo coeficiente de Poisson. Além disto, recomenda-se cuidado no uso da Teoria do Potencial de Trabalho, não adaptada para a fase de condicionamento do material, recomendando-se uso de modelo auxiliar para, sugerindo-se assim o modelo deduzido nesta tese para uso conjunto com a Teoria do Potencial de Trabalho. / A study on the influence of the choice of constitutive parameters on the behavior of asphalt mixtures, studying the behavior of the material both in the linear and non-linear level of strains. The experimental data from the dissertation of Brito (2006) has been used, which performed indirect tensile tests measuring both horizontal and vertical displacements. The material tested by Brito has taken into account a reasonable range of air voids, which was crucial for the analysis of this thesis. The behavior of the mixes has been compared extracting from them the shear compliances J(t), compressibility B (t) and creep compliance D (t) with Poisson's ratio assumed as constant. The analysis results in the linear level of strains has shown that the consideration of Poisson's ratio implies change in material behavior in function of the air voids, resulting different creep compliances in the horizontal and vertical, not matching the logic increasing of stiffness with the decreasing of the air voids. It was also proved that the Poisson ratio is totally incorrect for viscoelastic materials and assume it as constant neglect of degree of viscoelasticity. In nonlinear analysis, the main conclusions were that the use of Poisson's ratio may overestimate the stiffness of the material when it is in nonlinear creep, despite the use of Poisson's ratio, the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory should not be applied if considered in the conditioning phase of the fatigue test data, where a model was proposed for such consideration and the results were satisfactory prediction compared to experimental results. Finally, it was concluded that the use of Poisson's ratio in asphalt mixtures must be abandoned, recommending the use of compliances J (t) and B (t), which are fundamental constitutive parameters without the constraints imposed by the Poisson’s ratio. Moreover, caution is advised in the use of the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory, not adapted to the conditioning phase of the material, recommending the use of auxiliary model, thus suggesting the model deduced in this thesis for use in conjunction with the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory.

É apresentado um estudo sobre a influência da escolha dos parâmetros constitutivos no comportamento de misturas asfálticas, estudando o comportamento do material tanto no regime linear como o regime não-linear de deformações. Foram utilizados os dados experimentais da dissertação de Brito (2006), no qual realizou ensaios de compressão diametral medindo simultaneamente deslocamentos horizontais e verticais, além de que seus ensaios contemplavam corpos-de-prova variando o índice de vazios, crucial para as análises da presente tese. Comparou-se o comportamento das misturas de Brito extraindo-se delas as compliancias de cisalhamento J(t), de compressibilidade B(t) e a curva de fluência D(t) com coeficiente de Poisson assumido como constante. Os resultados das análises no regime linear mostraram que a consideração do coeficiente de Poisson implica alteração do comportamento do material em função do índice de vazios, resultando curvas de fluência diferentes na horizontal e vertical, não condizendo com a lógica de aumento da rigidez com a queda do índice de vazios. Provou-se também que o coeficiente de Poisson é totalmente incorreto para materiais viscoelásticos e assumi-lo como constante negligencia grau de viscoelasticidade do mesmo. Na análise não- linear, as principais conclusões foram que o uso do coeficiente de Poisson pode superestimar a rigidez do material quando este está em fluência não-linear, além de que independentemente do coeficiente de Poisson, o uso da Teoria de Potencial de Trabalho de Schapery não deve ser aplicado se considerada a fase de condicionamento nos dados do ensaio de fadiga, onde foi proposto um modelo para tal consideração que apresentou resultados de previsão satisfatórios frente aos resultados experimentais. Por fim, concluiu-se que o uso do coeficiente de Poisson em misturas asfálticas deve ser abandonado, recomendando-se o uso das compliancias J(t) e B(t), pois são parâmetros constitutivos fundamentais e sem as limitações impostas pelo coeficiente de Poisson. Além disto, recomenda-se cuidado no uso da Teoria do Potencial de Trabalho, não adaptada para a fase de condicionamento do material, recomendando-se uso de modelo auxiliar para, sugerindo-se assim o modelo deduzido nesta tese para uso conjunto com a Teoria do Potencial de Trabalho. / A study on the influence of the choice of constitutive parameters on the behavior of asphalt mixtures, studying the behavior of the material both in the linear and non-linear level of strains. The experimental data from the dissertation of Brito (2006) has been used, which performed indirect tensile tests measuring both horizontal and vertical displacements. The material tested by Brito has taken into account a reasonable range of air voids, which was crucial for the analysis of this thesis. The behavior of the mixes has been compared extracting from them the shear compliances J(t), compressibility B (t) and creep compliance D (t) with Poisson's ratio assumed as constant. The analysis results in the linear level of strains has shown that the consideration of Poisson's ratio implies change in material behavior in function of the air voids, resulting different creep compliances in the horizontal and vertical, not matching the logic increasing of stiffness with the decreasing of the air voids. It was also proved that the Poisson ratio is totally incorrect for viscoelastic materials and assume it as constant neglect of degree of viscoelasticity. In nonlinear analysis, the main conclusions were that the use of Poisson's ratio may overestimate the stiffness of the material when it is in nonlinear creep, despite the use of Poisson's ratio, the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory should not be applied if considered in the conditioning phase of the fatigue test data, where a model was proposed for such consideration and the results were satisfactory prediction compared to experimental results. Finally, it was concluded that the use of Poisson's ratio in asphalt mixtures must be abandoned, recommending the use of compliances J (t) and B (t), which are fundamental constitutive parameters without the constraints imposed by the Poisson’s ratio. Moreover, caution is advised in the use of the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory, not adapted to the conditioning phase of the material, recommending the use of auxiliary model, thus suggesting the model deduced in this thesis for use in conjunction with the Schapery’s Work Potential Theory.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Virginia Moreira Justo.pdf: 3484061 bytes, checksum: 27375d0ff0fb33633f5e7faf4346583f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / This study investigated the effects of Poisson’s ratio on fracture toughness measured by microindentation using the models of Anstis et al. and Niihara et al. Experiments were performed in different oxide glasses with Poisson’s ratio ranging from 0,15 to 0,28. The glass transition temperatures of the glasses were measured by differential scanning calorimetry.. The amorphous state of the glasses were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Hardness and elastic modulus were measured using instrumented indentation. The fracture toughness values, KIC, were obtained using the double torsion and four point bending techniques. The relation between the applied load and the crack radial length was obtained using the Vickers microindentation technique. It was noted the existence of two systems. For Poisson’s ratio smaller than 0,20, the main deformation mechanism is densification and the calibration coefficients are smaller than those reported in the literature. On the other hand, when the Poisson’s ratio are higher than 0,20, the main deformation mechanism is by shear and the calibration coefficients are higher than those reported in literature. / Este trabalho investigou o efeito do coeficiente de Poisson na medida da tenacidade à fratura pela técnica de microindentação utilizando os modelos de Anstis et al. e de Niihara et al. em vidros. Foram utilizados vidros óxidos de diferentes composições e com o coeficiente de Poisson variando de 0,15 a 0,28. Análises térmicas foram realizadas para a medida da temperatura de transição vítrea das amostras. Por meio da técnica de difração de raios X, comprovou-se o estado amorfo dos materiais indicando a estrutura vítrea. A dureza e módulo de elasticidade dos vidros foram medidos por meio de indentação instrumentada. Os valores de tenacidade à fratura, KIC, foram obtidos utilizando as técnicas de torção dupla e flexão de quatro pontos. A relação entre a carga aplicada e o comprimento da trinca radial foi obtida utilizando a técnica de microindentação Vickers. Observou-se a existência de dois regimes. Para valores de coeficiente de Poisson menores que 0,20, o principal mecanismo de deformação é a densificação e os coeficientes de calibração são menores. No outro, onde os valores de coeficiente de Poisson são maiores do que 0,20, o mecanismo principal de deformação é o de cisalhamento e os coeficientes de calibração são maiores do que reportado na literatura.

This thesis present novel non-destructive laboratory test methods to characterize asphalt concrete. The testing is based on frequency response measurements of specimens where resonance frequencies play a key role to derive material properties such as the complex modulus and complex Poisson’s ratio. These material properties are directly related to pavement quality and used in thickness design of pavements. Since conventional cyclic loading is expensive, time consuming and complicated to perform, there has been a growing interest to apply resonance and ultrasonic testing to estimate the material properties of asphalt concrete. Most of these applications have been based on analytical approximations which are limited to characterizing the complex modulus at one frequency per temperature. This is a significant limitation due to the strong frequency dependency of asphalt concrete. In this thesis, numerical methods are applied to develop a methodology based on modal testing of laboratory samples to characterize material properties over a wide frequency and temperature range (i.e. a master curve). The resonance frequency measurements are performed by exciting the specimens using an impact hammer and through a non-contact approach using a speaker. An accelerometer is used to measure the resulting vibration of the specimen. The material properties can be derived from these measurements since resonance frequencies of a solid are a function of the stiffness, mass, dimensions and boundary conditions. The methodology based on modal testing to characterize the material properties has been developed through the work presented in paper I and II, compared to conventional cyclic loading in paper III and IV and used to observe deviations from isotropic linear viscoelastic behavior in paper V. In paper VI, detailed measurements of resonance frequencies have been performed to study the possibility to detect damage and potential healing of asphalt concrete.  The resonance testing are performed at low strain levels (~10^-7) which gives a direct link to surface wave testing of pavements in the field. This enables non-destructive quality control of pavements, since the field measurements are performed at approximately the same frequency range and strain level. / <p>QC 20141117</p>

Denna rapport behandlar genomförandet av ett examensarbete på högskolenivå inom maskinteknik vid Högskolan i Borås. Examensarbetet har utförts hos SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut AB, enheterna SP Safety – Mechanical Research i Borås och Göteborg samt Food and Bioscience i Göteborg. Den största delen av arbetet har utförts vid sektionen Mechanical Research Göteborg. Målet med examensarbetet var att kombinera analys av experimentell bilddata från konfokalmikroskopi och mekanisk lastdata från en dragcell som gradvis deformerar ett polyuretanskum med modellering av skummets mekaniska egenskaper med hjälp av finita elementmetoder (FEM). Syftet var att bestämma elasticitetsmodul och Poissons tal. En viktig del av projektet var också att säkerställa hög repeterbarhet och möjliggöra vidareutveckling av metodiken genom att skapa rutiner för hur de olika delmomenten i arbetscykeln bäst utförs. Polyuretanskum, liksom många andra mjuka heterogena biomaterial saknar i dagsläget uppmätta eller beräknade mekaniska egenskaper. Därför finns potential för att den framtagna metodiken kommer till användning för att bestämma materialparametrar och analysera beteenden för fler av dessa material. Genom att bestämma materialparametrarna är det sedan möjligt att¬ utföra hållfasthetsberäkningar på sådana material, och korrelera materialparametrarna till processparametrarna vid tillverkningen för att optimera materialets egenskaper. Studien började med att ett prov av polyuretanskum placerades i en dragcell där det utsattes för en kraft så att det gradvis deformerades. Med hjälp av ett konfokalmikroskop kan hela deformationsprocessen följas i hög upplösning. De framtagna bildserierna analyserades sedan med hjälp av DaVis, en mjukvara som genomför så kallad digital image correlation-analys, med vars hjälp lokala förskjutningar kunde bestämmas. För att kunna utföra FEM-beräkningar delades materialstrukturen in i elementnät med hjälp av den fritt tillgängliga programvaran OOF2. Elementnät och förskjutningsdata importerades sedan till Matlab och insticksmodulen CalFEM. Med hjälp av CalFEM konstruerades en materialmodell med elasticitetsmodul och Poissons tal som inparametrar. Valideringskriterium användes för att säkerställa korrektheten i finita elementanalyserna. Elasticitetsmodulen bestämdes till 4.6 MPa och Poissons tal till 0.33 ± 0.06. Med tillgängliga data kunde inte modellen användas för att uppskatta båda parametrarna samtidigt. Poissons tal bestämdes genom manuell analys av bildserierna. Metodiken kan förbättras och vidareutvecklas genom att analysera fler provbitar för att ta hänsyn till lokala fluktuationer i materialstrukturen, samt avbilda provet i tredimensioner. Tredimensionell avbildning skulle också möjliggöra konstruktion av en tredimensionell beräkningsmodell av materialet. / This bachelor thesis deals with the implementation of a degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Borås. The thesis work has been conducted at SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden AB at the departments SP Safety – Mechanical Research in Borås and Gothenburg and Food and Bioscience in Gothenburg. The major part of the work has been done at the Mechanical Research department in Gothenburg. The aim of the thesis work was to combine analysis of experimental image data from confocal laser scanning microscopy and mechanical load data from a tensile cell that gradually deforms a polyurethane foam with modelling of the mechanical properties of the foam using finite element methods (FEM). The purpose was to determine Young’s modulus and Poisson's ratio. A crucial part of the project was also to facilitate a high degree of repeatability and further development of the method through establishing routines and best practices for how to implement different parts of the method. There is currently a lack of measured or calculated properties for polyurethane foams, as is the case also for many other soft heterogeneous biomaterials. This implies that the developed method has potential use for determining material parameters and analyzing behavior also for other materials of this type. Determining the material parameters facilitates strength calculations on these materials and makes it possible to correlate material parameters to process parameters during manufacturing to optimize material performance. The polyurethane foam was placed in a tensile cell, exposed to a force and slowly, gradually deformed. Using a confocal microscope, the entire deformation process can be observed at high resolution. The obtained image series were then analyzed using DaVis, a software that can perform so called digital image correlation analysis where local displacements could be determined. In order to perform the finite element calculations, the material structure was divided into an element mesh using the software OOF2. The element mesh and displacement data were then imported to Matlab and the plugin module CalFEM. Using CalFEM, a material model involving Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio was created. Young’s modulus was determined to be 4.6 MPa and Poisson’s ratio 0.33 ± 0.06. Using the available data, the model was insufficient to determine both parameters simultaneously. Therefore, Poisson’s ratio was determined through manual analysis of the image series. The method can be improved and further developed mainly by analyzing several samples to account for local fluctuations in the material structure and by using three-dimensional imaging methods. The latter would also open up for creating a three-dimensional model of the material.

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are used as bone void fillers and as complements to hardware in fracture fixation. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the CPCs’ mechanical properties, and find out if these ceramic bone cements can carry application-specific loads, alone or as part of a construct. Recently developed experimental brushite and apatite cements were found to have a significantly higher strength in compression, tension and flexion compared to the commercially available CPCs chronOS™ Inject and Norian® SRS®. By using a high-resolution measurement technique the elastic moduli of the CPCs were determined and found to be at least twice as high compared to earlier measurements, and closer to cortical bone than trabecular bone. Using the same method, Poisson's ratio for pure CPCs was determined for the first time. A non-destructive porosity measurement method for wet brushite cements was developed, and subsequently used to study the porosity increase during in vitro degradation. The compressive strength of the experimental brushite cement was still higher than that of trabecular bone after 25 weeks of degradation, showing that the cement can carry high loads over a time span sufficiently long for a fracture to heal. This thesis also presents the first ever fatigue results for acidic CPCs, and confirms the importance of testing the materials under cyclic loading as the cements may fail at stress levels much lower than the material’s quasi-static compressive strength. A decrease in fatigue life was found for brushite cements containing higher amounts of monetite. Increasing porosity and testing in a physiological buffer solution (PBS), rather than air, also decreased the fatigue life. However, the experimental brushite cement had a high probability of surviving loads found in the spine when tested in PBS, which has previously never been accomplished for acidic CPCs. In conclusion, available brushite cements may be able to carry the load alone in scenarios where the cortical shell is intact, the loading is mainly compressive, and the expected maximum stress is below 10 MPa. Under such circumstances this CPC may be the preferred choice over less biocompatible and non-degradable materials.

This work solves creation of calibration relations to determine cube compressive strength, dynamic and static elastic modulus of alkali-activated concrete by non-destructive methods. Alkali-activated concrete is spoken of as a new material used in civil engineering. It shows different properties than normal concrete based on Portland cement. That's why the modification of common calibration relation seems necessary. Fresh concrete was made in the concrete plan ŽPSV a.s., Uherský Ostroh in three mixtures and always in the number of 18 cubes and 3 prisms. The samples were tested by impact hammer Schmidt type L, type N, SilverSchmidt PC-N and by ultrasound in 6 time periods of three specimens. After that, the cube compressive strength was determined. Status of static elastic modulus was determined in a time period of 28 days. The results are calibration relations to determine the progress of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity for each method and their combination.