Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-28T21:55:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Pâmmela Roberta Gonçalves dos Santos.pdf: 2109126 bytes, checksum: df99af37691ad67f2154232acdc1c84b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-09-06T22:25:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Pâmmela Roberta Gonçalves dos Santos.pdf: 2109126 bytes, checksum: df99af37691ad67f2154232acdc1c84b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-06T22:25:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Pâmmela Roberta Gonçalves dos Santos.pdf: 2109126 bytes, checksum: df99af37691ad67f2154232acdc1c84b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência da segurança pública na escolha do uso do carro como modo de transporte pela população da Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR). O estudo se baseia na hipótese de que a segurança pública é o maior motivador ao uso do automóvel. A análise é realizada mediante estudos da literatura, em que são identificados critérios motivacionais ao uso do automóvel privativo como modo de transporte. Também são identificadas medidas e experiências de políticas públicas nacionais e internacionais que incentivam ou inibam a utilização do carro particular. A região de estudo é caracterizada socioeconomicamente, em termos de mobilidade urbana e aponta os índices de criminalidade. Este trabalho também estuda o problema da segurança pública no Brasil e na RMR, fazendo análises da influência desses problemas na mobilidade urbana da RMR. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas de campo, aplicadas na região de estudo, onde procurou-se avaliar critérios motivacionais ao uso do carro. Dentre os critérios na literatura, destacaram-se nesse estudo: tempo, conforto, segurança pública, status social e facilidade de acesso, nos quais foram considerados na elaboração do questionário aplicado na RMR. A pesquisa busca fazer comparação par a par entre os critérios, através do método Processo Hierárquico Analítico (do inglês, Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP). Os resultados das pesquisas confirmam a hipótese deste estudo, apontando que a segurança pública, dentre os critérios avaliados, tem maior grau de importância como fator motivacional ao uso do carro. Ao fim, são sugeridas medidas de políticas públicas de segurança a serem aplicadas na região de estudo, que podem trazer melhorias na sensação de segurança nas ruas e nos sistemas de transportes da RMR e como consequência, reduzir a necessidade do uso do carro atrelada a segurança, afetando diretamente na mobilidade. / This dissertation aims to analyse the public security influence over the choice of car use by the Metropolitan Region of Recife (MRR) population. The study is based on the hypothesis that public security is the main trigger of car use. The analysis is carried out by means of a literature review in which motivational criteria for the use of the private car as a mode of transport are raised. Moreover, national and international public politics measures and experiences that incentive or inhibit car use are gathered. The region of study is socioeconomically characterized and in terms of urban mobility. In addition, the crime rates are pointed out. This thesis studies the problem of public security in Brazil and in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, analysing the influence of these problems on this area’s urban mobility. Thereunto, field interviews that sought to evaluate the motivational criteria for car use in the region of study were carried out. Among the criteria presented in the literature, the following are highlighted in this study: time, comfort, public security, social status and access facility, which were taken into account in the elaboration of the questionnaire applied in the MRR. The research seeks to make a pairwise comparison between the criteria through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the survey confirms the hypothesis raised, pointing out that public safety among the evaluated criteria has the highest degree of importance as a motivational factor to car use. Finally, measures of public security policies to be applied in the region of study are suggested. These measures can bring improvements in the safety feeling on the streets and in the public transport of the MRR and consequently reduce the need of car use due to the lack of security, directly affecting the mobility.

Las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (MiPyMEs) son reconocidas actoras en las economías de los países. En Argentina, representan el 99% de las empresas y explican el 64% del empleo agregado. Sin embargo, evidencian problemas en el acceso al financiamiento externo como consecuencia de las fallas de mercado y las características de su estructura de financiamiento. Por consecuencia, son objeto de numerosas políticas públicas de apoyo al financiamiento. En Argentina, desde mediados de los años ́90 se instrumentaron una batería de programas, los cuales, pese a su relativa continuidad, son poco estudiados y las evaluaciones encontradas son parciales por falta de estadísticas nacionales. Esto marca el puntapié para el estudio de un tema escasamente explorado pese a su relativo interés por investigadores y hacedores de política. El presente trabajo de tesis estudia el alcance de las políticas públicas de apoyo al financiamiento de MiPyMEs. La investigación parte de analizar, con datos primarios, la demanda de créditos a tasa subsidiada (CTS). Para lo cual, se definen en principio dos variables asociadas: demanda efectiva y demanda potencial. La primera comprende las empresas que solicitaron un CTS, la segunda aquellas que demandarían un CTS ante la necesidad de una inversión en activos fijos. De los resultados se desprende el análisis de una tercera variable, la demanda subliminal, que comprende el conjunto de empresas que demandaría un CTS pero manifestaron desconocer las medidas de políticas públicas de apoyo al financiamiento de MiPyMEs. Los resultados indican las similitudes y diferencias de los distintos niveles de demanda. En todos los casos, la relación previa con el sector bancario es determinante de la demanda. También la forma jurídica se asocia a todas las definiciones, indicando que las empresas que limitan responsabilidad sobre sus patrimonios, empresas con mayor grado de formalización, demandan o demandarían un CTS en mayor medida. Por otra parte, si bien son las empresas de mayor tamaño las que demandaron un CTS, en el conjunto de la demanda potencial esto se invierte. A su vez, el sector de actividad es un determinante de la demanda subliminal. En síntesis, el trabajo realizado permite concluir sobre el bajo alcance de las políticas públicas de apoyo al financiamiento MiPyME, el cual puede superarse rediseñando las mismas, buscando ampliar la capilaridad de las medidas. / Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are recognized actors in the economies of the countries. In Argentina, they represent 99% of companies and account for 64% of aggregate employment. However, they show problems in access to external financing as a consequence of market failures and the characteristics of their financing structure. Consequently, they are the object of numerous public policies to support financing. In Argentina, since the mid-1990s, a series of programs have been implemented. Despite their relative continuity, they are poorly studied and the evaluations found are partial due to the lack of national statistics. This marks the gap of a scarcely explored topic despite its relative interest by researchers and policy makers. This thesis studies the scope of public policies to support the financing of MSMEs. The research starts from analysing, with primary data, the demand for subsidized bank credit (CTS). For this, two associated variables are defined: effective demand and potential demand. The first includes companies that applied for a CTS, the second those that would demand a CTS in view of the need for an investment in fixed assets. The results show the analysis of a third variable, the subliminal demand, which includes the group of companies that would demand a CTS but doesn ́t know the public policy to support the financing of MSMEs. The results indicate the similarities and differences of the different demand levels. In all cases, the previous relationship with the banking sector is a determinant of demand. The legal form is also associated with all the definitions, indicating that companies that limit liability over their assets, companies with a higher degree of formalization, demand or would demand a CTS to a greater extent. In addition, although it is the larger companies that demanded a CTS, in the group of potential demands this is inverse. Later, the activity sector is a determinant of the subliminal demand. In summary, this research work allows to conclude on the low scope of public policies to support MSMEs financing, which can be overcome by redesigning them, seeking to expand the capillarity of these public policies.