Proefschrift--Utrecht. / Errata slip inserted. "Stellingen" : [3] p. inserted. Bibliography: p. [74]-75.

Proefschrift--Utrecht. / Errata slip inserted. "Stellingen" : [3] p. inserted. Bibliography: p. [74]-75.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-188).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:08:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 shimizu_fm_dr_bauru.pdf: 1060296 bytes, checksum: 63745c957542a90554b00f3723c1c813 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foi desenvolvida uma montagem experimental para estudar o processo de polarização fotoassistida (PAP) de filmes finos poliméricos utilizando um interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder (IMZ). Ela permite determinar a atividade eletro-óptica do filme durante e após o processo de polarização. Um cristal de KH2PO4 (KDP) e o filme guest-host do polímero acrílico poli(metacrilato de metila), PMMA, dopado com o corante vermelho disperso 1, DR1, mostraram o bom funcionamento do sistema de medição IMZ/PAP. Dois azopolímeros acrílicos, o poli(metacrilato de vermelho disperso 1), PMDR1, e o poli(metacrilato de metila)-co-(metacrilato de vermelho disperso 1), PMMcoMDR1, foram estudados variando-se a tensão dc de polarização e a intensidade da luz de excitação. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram ajustados por equações fenomenológicas de Sekkat e KWW para obtenção dos tempos característicos de cada processo durante e após a polarização do filme. O valor máximo de coeficiente eletro-óptico de ~20pm/V foi obtido para o filme do polímero acrílico de PMDR1, enquanto que para os filmes de PMMA/DR1 e PMMcoMDR1 os valores foram de 0,5 e 1,6 pm/V / We developed an experimental setup aiming to study the photoassisted poling (PAP) of polymeric films using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Is allows measuring the electric optic coefficient during and after the photoassisted poling process. The proper operation the IMZ/PAP measurement system was demonstrated using a KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal and poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, doped with the dye disperse red 1, DR1, guest-host films. Two acrylic azopolymers, poly(methacrylate disperse red 1), PMDR1, and poly(methyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylate disperse red 1), PMMcoMDR1 were studied under different dc voltage poling and light excitation intensity. The experimental data obtained were fitted by Sekkat and KWW equations to give the characteristics time of each poling process and its decays. The maximum electro-optical coefficient of ~20 pm/V were obtained with the PMDRI acrylic polymer film while for PMMA/DR1 and PMMcoMDR1 the values were 0.5 and 1.6 pm/V

Since the development of the understanding that the electron distribution within a molecule is chiefly responsible for its properties and behavior, factors influencing this charge distribution have been of interest to scientists. The chemical reactivity of a molecule, the physical properties, and to a large extent, structure and geometry, are all functions of the electron distribution. This study examines the issue of electronic structure from two points of view, each of them focussing on a specific component within the molecules studied. In the present work, the effects of the highly polar carbonyl group on spectroscopic parameters and physical behavior are investigated. An additional area of study is the effect of fluorine substitution on the energy levels of some halogenated ethylenes. The specific parameters examined are the ionization potentials, the absorption frequencies, and the energies of a class of excited states known as molecular Rydberg states. It was during the study of these halogenated ethylenes that the observations leading to the carbonyl compound investigations were made, so that the two areas examined are connected both experimentally and chemically.

Orientador: José Alberto Giacometti / Banca: Sandro Márcio Lima / Banca: Fernando Fuzinatto Dall'Agnol / Banca: Victor Ciro Solano Reynoso / Banca: Clarissa de Almeida Olivati / O Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi / Resumo: Foi desenvolvida uma montagem experimental para estudar o processo de polarização fotoassistida (PAP) de filmes finos poliméricos utilizando um interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder (IMZ). Ela permite determinar a atividade eletro-óptica do filme durante e após o processo de polarização. Um cristal de KH2PO4 (KDP) e o filme guest-host do polímero acrílico poli(metacrilato de metila), PMMA, dopado com o corante vermelho disperso 1, DR1, mostraram o bom funcionamento do sistema de medição IMZ/PAP. Dois azopolímeros acrílicos, o poli(metacrilato de vermelho disperso 1), PMDR1, e o poli(metacrilato de metila)-co-(metacrilato de vermelho disperso 1), PMMcoMDR1, foram estudados variando-se a tensão dc de polarização e a intensidade da luz de excitação. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram ajustados por equações fenomenológicas de Sekkat e KWW para obtenção dos tempos característicos de cada processo durante e após a polarização do filme. O valor máximo de coeficiente eletro-óptico de ~20pm/V foi obtido para o filme do polímero acrílico de PMDR1, enquanto que para os filmes de PMMA/DR1 e PMMcoMDR1 os valores foram de 0,5 e 1,6 pm/V / Abstract: We developed an experimental setup aiming to study the photoassisted poling (PAP) of polymeric films using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Is allows measuring the electric optic coefficient during and after the photoassisted poling process. The proper operation the IMZ/PAP measurement system was demonstrated using a KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal and poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, doped with the dye disperse red 1, DR1, guest-host films. Two acrylic azopolymers, poly(methacrylate disperse red 1), PMDR1, and poly(methyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylate disperse red 1), PMMcoMDR1 were studied under different dc voltage poling and light excitation intensity. The experimental data obtained were fitted by Sekkat and KWW equations to give the characteristics time of each poling process and its decays. The maximum electro-optical coefficient of ~20 pm/V were obtained with the PMDRI acrylic polymer film while for PMMA/DR1 and PMMcoMDR1 the values were 0.5 and 1.6 pm/V / Doutor

Orientador: Vera Lucia da Silveira Nantes Button / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Duarte_MauricioGomes_M.pdf: 2754469 bytes, checksum: 075905e730585b96c40637855bee28c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi aprimorar o processo de apodização de discos de cerâmica piezoelétrica utilizado no LUS (Laboratório de Ultra-Som, DEB/FEEC e CEB, UNlCAMP), buscando estabelecer uma melhor relação entre tempo de aplicação do campo elétrico e a temperatura do banho de óleo isolante usado no processo. A apodização das cerâmicas piezoelétricas é utilizada para reduzir a difração no campo acústico gerado por transdutores de ultra-som, como já foi comprovado no LUS em trabalhos anteriores. Buscou-se reduzir o tempo de aplicação do campo elétrico através do ensaio de temperaturas diferentes do óleo mineral que banha o disco cerâmico e verificando em quais ensaios foi obtida uma boa apodização. Foram utilizadas cerâmicas piezoelétricas PZT-5A de 12,7mm de diâmetro, com 0,885mm (EDO Acoustics) e lmm (APCI) de espessura. O campo elétrico aplicado foi de 2kV/mm de espessura de cerâmica, e um eletrodo esférico de 5mm de raio foi usado para formatar o campo elétrico de apodização. Foram utilizados dois tipos de óleo mineral: o Nujol, que acima de 160°C evapora rapidamente e o óleo da CooperPower, que permitiu utilizar temperaturas até 250°C, com pouca evaporação. Os discos cerâmicos apodizados para os quais o coeficiente eletromecânico do modo espessura, kt, resultou em valores acima de 0,37, foram considerados bem apodizados. O óleo isolante foi aquecido a temperaturas diferentes entre 120°C e 250°C e o campo elétrico foi aplicado por períodos de 2 minutos até 4 horas e 30 minutos (tempo necessário para a temperatura do óleo resfriar até 25°C). Este estudo também incluiu a avaliação do efeito de sucessivas despolarizações e repolarlzações nos modos de vibração da cerâmica piezoelétrica. Os resultados confirmaram que, usando temperaturas mais altas (acima de 200°C), o campo elétrico precisa ser aplicado durante um período menor. Apodizações que utilizaram temperatura igual a 160°C, só mostraram acoplamentos bons quando o campo permaneceu aplicado enquanto o óleo resfriava até 25°C. Apodizações em que o óleo foi aquecido a temperaturas inferiores a 160°C não apresentaram bons resultados, independentemente do tempo de aplicação do campo elétrico. Os resultados também mostraram que o efeito de aplicar o campo elétrico ainda antes do óleo ser aquecido foi um aumento do acoplamento eletromecânico obtido, comparando com o resultado de um processo de apodização semelhante, mas em que o campo elétrico só foi aplicado depois do aquecimento do óleo. O mesmo efeito não foi observado com as apodizações em que utilizou-se a temperatura mais alta possível, 250°C, usando o óleo mineral da Copper Power. Concluiu-se que, usando a temperatura igual a 250°C, foi possível reduzir o tempo de aplicação do campo elétrico de apodização, com resultados satisfatórios, de mais de 4 horas para apenas 2 minutos. No entanto, o processo que utiliza uma dada relação tempo de aplicação do campo/temperatura do óleo, e que apodiza satisfatoriamente uma cerâmica com lmm de espessura, pode resultar na polarização convencional (linear) de uma cerâmica mais fina, como a cerâmica com espessura igual a O,885mm. Algumas das cerâmicas apodizadas foram usadas para construir transdutores de ultra-som. Os campos acústicos gerados pelos transdutores construidos foram mapeados, confirmando o aumento da profundidade do campo acústico, como conseqüência da redução da difração acústica, obtida a partir da apodização da polarização das cerâmicas piezoelétricas / Abstract: The objective of this work was to optimize the process of apodization of piezoelectric ceramics disks, looking for the better relation between the insulating oil bath temperature and the smaIlest period of time through which the poling field must be applied. The apodization of the piezoelectric ceramic is performed to reduce the diffraction in the acoustic field generated by ultrasonic transducers. We looked for the best initial temperature of the insulating mineral oil that surrounds the piezoelectric ceramic, and how long the poling electric field must be applied to the ceramic to achieve a good apodization. We used 12.7mm diameter, 0.885mm and lmm thickness PZT-5A ceramic disks. The non-uniform poling electric field (2kV/mm) has been shaped by a 5mm radius spherica1 electrode. The apodized ceramic disks which showed piezoelectric coupling coefficient values larger than 0.37, were considered well apodizated. We used oil temperatures from 120°C to above 200°C and the electric field was applied for periods of at least 2 minutes to up to 4 hours and third minutes (until the oil temperature cooled down to 25°C). This study a1so inc1uded the ceramic disk evaluation after successive depolarizations and repolarizations. The results showed that using higher temperatures (above 200°C) we needed to apply the poling field for a shorter time. Temperature equa1160°C was efficient on1y ifthe poling field was applied until the oil was cooled down to 25°C (4 hours and thirty minutes). The results also showed that if the poling electric field was applied to the piezoelectric ceramic even before the oil was heated, we obtained larger piezoelectric coupling coefficients, compared to the poling processes where the electric field was applied to the ceramic on1y afier the oil was heated. This was not necessary if we used higher temperatures (250°C). We concluded that using higher temperatures (250°C) it was possible to reduce the apodization process, with good results, from more than 4 hours to on1y 2 minutes. Ultrasound transducers were built; their acoustic fields were mapped in a water tank, and the results confirmed the increasing of the depth of the acoustic field, as consequence of the acoustic difraction reduction / Mestrado / Engenharia Biomedica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The static dipole polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the first and second main group elements, including the charged ions, are obtained from all-electron relativistic coupled-cluster theory using a scalar relativistic Douglas-Kroll Hamiltonian. Spin-orbit coupling effects are investigated using a fully relativistic four-component Dirac-Coulomb-Hartree-Fock scheme followed by a second-order many-body perturbation treatment to account for electron correlation. Periodic trends in the dipole polarizabilities and the ionization potentials are discussed. In each case, a detailed discussion on electron correlation and relativistic effects are given. A relationship for relativistic and electron correlation effects between the dipole polarizability and the ionization potential is established. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation of a near basis set limit quality of the dipole polarizabilities. This is accomplished by the evaluation of all-electron basis sets used, followed by an extensive study on the convergence behavior of the dipole polarizabilities with respect to a finite basis set expansion. The present all-electron dipole polarizabilities are believed to be very precise, especially for charged ions where the availability of experimental values are limited. Scalar relativistic small-core pseudopotentials are fitted and their performance is tested in terms of static dipole polarizabilities and ionization potentials. It is demonstrated that the small core definition of the pseudopotential (nine-valence electron for the main group 1 and ten-valence electron for the main group 2 elements) enables us to safely omit core-valence correlation without scarifying accuracy. Following atomic dipole polarizabilities, applications are made to molecules starting with alkali dimers and their singly charged ions. The scalar relativistic pseudopotentials of this study are used to calculate equilibrium bond lengths, dissociation energies, vibrational frequencies and the dipole polarizabilities of these dimers. The change in the molecular dipole polarizabilities from the corresponding atomic dipole polarizabilities are discussed in terms of molecular bonding models. Simple ammonia complexes of the alkali-metals and their singly charged ions are studied. The equilibrium geometries, dissociation energies, harmonic vibrational frequencies as well as the dipole polarizabilities of these complexes are given.

There is great interest in the development of new polar dielectric ceramics and multiferroic materials with new and improved properties. A family of tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) relaxors of composition Ba₆M³⁺Nb₉O₃₀ (M³⁺ = Ga³⁺, Sc³⁺ and In³⁺, and also their solid solutions) were studied in an attempt to understand their dielectric properties to enable design of novel polar TTB materials. A combination of electrical measurements (dielectric and impedance spectroscopy) and powder diffraction (X-ray and neutron) studies as a function of temperature was employed for characterising the dynamic dipole response in these materials. The effect of B-site doping on fundamental dipolar relaxation parameters were investigated by independently fitting the dielectric permittivity to the Vogel-Fulcher (VF) model, and the dielectric loss to Universal Dielectric Response (UDR) and Arrhenius models. These studies showed an increase in the characteristic dipole freezing temperature (T[subscript(f)]) with increase B-cation radius. Crystallographic data indicated a corresponding maximum in tetragonal strain at T[subscript(f)], consistent with the slowing and eventual freezing of dipoles. In addition, the B1 crystallographic site was shown to be most active in terms of the dipolar response. A more in-depth analysis of the relaxor behaviour of these materials revealed that, with the stepwise increase in the ionic radius of the M³⁺ cation on the B-site within the Sc-In solid solution series, the Vogel-Fulcher curves (lnf vs. T[subscript(m)]) are displaced to higher temperatures, while the degree of relaxor behaviour (frequency dependence) increases. Unfortunately, additional features appear in the dielectric spectroscopy data, dramatically affecting the Vogel-Fulcher fitting parameters. A parametric study of the reproducibility of acquisition and analysis of dielectric data was therefore carried out. The applicability of the Vogel-Fulcher expression to fit dielectric permittivity data was investigated, from the simple unrestricted (“free”) fit to a wider range of imposed values for the VF relaxation parameters that fit with high accuracy the experimental data. The reproducibility of the dielectric data and the relaxation parameters obtained by VF fitting were shown to be highly sensitive to the thermal history of samples and also the conditions during dielectric data acquisition (i.e., heating/cooling rate). In contrast, UDR analysis of the dielectric loss data provided far more reproducible results, and to an extent was able to partially deconvolute the additional relaxation processes present in these materials. The exact nature of these additional relaxations is not yet fully understood. It was concluded application of the Vogel-Fulcher model should be undertaken with great care. The UDR model may represent a feasible alternative to the evaluation of fundamental relaxation parameters, and a step forward towards the understanding of the dielectric processes in tetragonal tungsten bronzes.

This thesis treats of channel models for polarized multi-antenna wireless systems. Polarized multi-antenna systems are systems that use perpendicularly polarized, co-located antennas at the base station and at the mobile terminal, in order to benefit from the so-called polarization diversity. Such systems benefit from the advantages of MIMO systems while still maintaining a compact equipment size. Two models will be presented in this thesis. The first one is the Polarized-Input Polarized-Output (PIPO) channel model, the second one is the Polarized-Diffuse-Directional channel model. <p><p>The PIPO model is a statistical channel model for tri-polarized to tri-polarized communication systems. A tri-polarized antenna system is a tranceiver using three perpendicular antennas. The aim of the PIPO channel model is to have a model that has a simple mathematical structure, so it can be used for solving precoding equations or capacity calculations. Although the PIPO model has a very simple structure, it takes the following parameters into account: coherent channel component, cross-polar channel power imbalance, inter-channel correlation, short- and long-scale time variance. <p>Experimental measurements are used to parameterize the model. It is shown how the model parameters are extracted from experimental measurements, and the results are analyzed to allow further simplification of the model. <p><p>The PDD model, on the other hand, is a geometry-based stochastic channel model. It models the channel as a sum of clusters, where each cluster consists of groups of multipath components (MPCs). The PDD model includes two novelties that will be developed in detail in this thesis. <p>- The model considers polarization on a per-cluster basis. This permits to have a more accurate description of the polar-angular spectrum. <p>- The diffuse multipath component (DMC) is included by considering a diffuse component for each cluster. The diffuse cluster component is then modeled as the sum of a set of diffuse MPCs. <p>The model is specified in detail, and it is shown how the model can be generated. <p>Experimental measurements were carried out to parameterize the model. A new extraction technique for extracting the specular-diffuse clusters from the measurements is proposed. This technique is based on joint clustering of the specular MPCs and the bins of the diffuse component. The experimental results are analyzed, and superimposed with environment information to gain further insight into the physical aspects of clustered propagation. <p><p>Finally, both models are validated. Several validation metrics are introduced, and their pertinence in the context of polarized MIMO systems is highlighted. Both models are successfully validated, and the advantages and limitations of each models are investigated. <p><p>Cette thèse traite des modèles de canal pour systèmes sans-fils multi-antennes polarisés. Des systèmes multi-antennes polarisés sont des systèmes qui utilisent des antennes polarisées perpendiculairement co-localisées à la station de base et au terminal mobile, dans le but de bénéficier de la diversité de polarisation. De tels systèmes peuvent bénéficier des avantages des systèmes MIMO tout en diminuant l'encombrement des équipements. Deux modèles seront présentés dans cette thèse. Le premier est le modèle Polarized-Input Polarized-Output (PIPO), le second est le modèle Polarized-Diffuse-Directional (PDD). <p><p>Le modèle PIPO est un modèle statistique pour des systèmes de communication tri-polaire à tri-polaire. Un système tri-polaire est un émetteur ou un récepteur qui utilise trois antennes perpendiculaires. Le but du modèle de canal PIPO est d'avoir un modèle qui a une structure mathématique simple, afin qu'il puisse être utilisé pour résoudre des équations de précodage ou des calculs de capacité. Malgré la structure simple du modèle PIPO, il tient compte des paramètres suivants: la composante cohérente du canal, les différences de puissance entre canaux cross-polaires, la corrélation entre canaux, les variations à courte et à longue échelle de temps. Des mesures expérimentales ont été réalisées afin de paramétriser le modèle. Les techniques pour extraire les paramètres du modèle des mesures expérimentales sont présentées, et les résultats sont analysés afin de permettre une simplification supplémentaire du modèle. <p><p>Le modèle PDD, quant à lui, est un modèle de canal stochasique-géométrique. Il modélise le canal comme une somme de clusters, où chaque clusters est composé d'un groupe de chemins multi-trajets. Le modèle PDD inclut les deux nouveautés suivantes qui seront développées en détail dans cette thèse. <p>- Le modèle considère une polarisation par cluster. Ceci permet d'avoir une description plus exacte du spectre angulaire-polaire. <p>- La composante diffuse est prise en compte en incluant une composante diffuse pour chaque cluster. La composante diffuse d'un cluster est alors modelisée comme une somme de multi-trajets diffus. <p>Le modèle est spécifié en détail, et il est présenté comment le modèle peut être généré. Des mesures expérimentales ont été faites afin de paramétriser le modèle. Une nouvelle technique d'extraction est proposée pour extraire les clusters spéculaires-diffus. Cette technique est basée sur le clustering conjoint des multi-trajets spéculaires et des "bins" de la composante diffuse. Les résultats expérimentaux sont analysés, et superposés avec l'information de l'environnement de mesure afin d'avoir une connaissance accrue des aspects physiques de la propagation par clusters. <p><p>Finalement, les deux modèles sont validés. Plusieurs métriques de validations sont introduites, et leur pertinence dans le cadre des systèmes MIMO polarisés est mis en avant. Les deux modèles sont validés avec succès, et les avantages et limitations de chaque modèle sont investigués. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished