The aim of this thesis is to identify significant weaknesses of political party funding system in the Czech Republic, and to suggest possible improvements of the system. Knowledge acquired in the first part of the thesis, which deals with the theoretical basis of political party funding, is used to analyse the applicable legislation. This part of the thesis first of all describes the legal framework of political parties, the principles and goals of political party funding, and possible approaches to the funding; the most space is devoted to one of the possible approaches, regulatory measures, which is divided on the basis of supply side (state a private funding) and demand side (mainly campaign spending regulation). The Czech legislation is not only analysed in general and using the theoretical basis, but is also compared with the system adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany. The hypothesis is that the German law is a good example for the Czech Republic in the field of party financing, for the Federal Republic of Germany has been a developed democratic state of law for a longer uninterrupted period of time, and was one of the first countries in the world to introduce state funding of political parties. The second part of the thesis describes, analyses and compares the applicable legislation of the...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-30T13:29:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Frediano José Momesso Teodoro.pdf: 1139298 bytes, checksum: ebf17440a2c7d2ed851eef35214f80b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T13:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Frediano José Momesso Teodoro.pdf: 1139298 bytes, checksum: ebf17440a2c7d2ed851eef35214f80b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / The relentless struggle for power has prompted political parties and their members to pursue resources whose amounts are increasingly staggering. The illegal provenance of campaign funds has been revealed in recent years, demonstrating that irregularities in political parties funding are tied to a wide range of previous crimes. The economic power abuse is such in political-electoral campaign across the globe that democratic representativeness is seriously compromised, mainly by unfair electoral competition process and by popular sovereignty relativization. Faced with the urgency of the lawless political financing issue and the ineffectiveness of the current rule, it is recognized the imperativeness of declare it as criminal offense. Consequently emerges the need to justify the criminalization of offensive actions against democratic representativeness, free democratic elections and others equally democratic institutes. In order to achieve such an aim, it is proposed to acknowledge the referred democratic institutes as assets protected against the economic power abuse by the criminal law. Through the application of harm principle theory, as guiding the present study, it is possible to justify the criminalization of democratic regime violations by the economic power abuses / A implacável luta pelo poder tem levado os partidos políticos e seus membros a perseguirem recursos cujas cifras são cada dia mais surpreendentes. A procedência ilícita de fundos para as campanhas eleitorais vem sendo revelada nos últimos anos, demonstrando que, muitas vezes, as irregularidades no financiamento dos partidos políticos estão atreladas a uma vasta gama de delitos antecedentes. O abuso do poder econômico é de tal ordem nas campanhas político-eleitorais de todo o globo, que a representatividade democrática está seriamente comprometida, principalmente pela concorrência desleal no processo eleitoral e pela relativização da soberania popular. Diante da urgência do tema do financiamento irregular de partidos políticos e da ineficácia da lei vigente, reconhece-se a imperatividade de sua criminalização. Consequentemente, surge a necessidade de justificar a tipificação penal de condutas atentatórias à representatividade democrática, à livre concorrência democrática no processo eleitoral e a outros institutos igualmente democráticos. Para se alcançar tal intento, propõe-se o reconhecimento dos aludidos institutos democráticos como bens jurídicos penalmente tuteláveis contra o abuso do poder econômico. A partir da aplicação da teoria de proteção do bem jurídico, como norteadora do presente estudo, é possível justificar a criminalização das condutas de abuso do poder econômico, violadoras do regime democrático

The content of the presented thesis is the introduction of selected institutes of the laws on political parties and their enactment in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. The thesis is divided into two chapters. The first addresses the fundamental questions of the legal regulations on political parties in both countries. The second deals with the funding of political parties. Because this is a comparative thesis, individual legal regulations are always introduced in the first two subchapters. The third subchapter compares the most significant institutes and their possible use in the Czech law is proposed. The main points of the first chapter are especially the process of political party creation, the comparison of anchored attributes of a democracy capable of defence in the laws and last but not least also the contemplation of the possible expansion of the addressees of the right to form and join political parties and political movements, pursuant to Article 20 par. 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, also to foreigners staying in the Czech Republic for a long time. The second chapter of this thesis deals with the current topic that has been a part of political life since its beginning - the funding of political parties. Both compared countries have gone through...