<p>With the expansion of Canadian Development assistance since the end of World War II, a need for a clearly defined aid policy developed. The Canadian government found that there was a need to be able to account for development assistance to one country and not to another. By outlining a criterion for development assistance, the government would also be able to explain different levels of aid at different times. Authors like Triantis, Spicer and Reuber developed a trilogy which accounts for the Canadian motives in having a development assistance programme. Humanitarian interests have often introduced the donor country to the needs of the recipient nation. Implicit in this motive was that aid was given freely with no strings attached. Secondly, economic interests may have been an instigating factor in having an aid programme. As a middle power, Canada depended on trade for its own economic well-being. By tying eighty percent of ODA to goods and services originating in Canada, Canadian markets were expanded. Many developing countries have been considered rich in natural resources that were needed by Canada and other developed countries. Aid could be exchanged in return for these resources. Thirdly, ODA was provided for political/security interests. Rather than giving a hostile power the chance to extend aid and their influence over the social and economic development of Third World countries, the Canadian government chose to provide assistance.</p> <p>In the case study the Canadian government's motives for having an ODA programme with Indonesia are examined. While there may have been some evidence of humanitarian and economic motives, the case study argues that political interests dominated in the Canadian government's decision to have an aid programme with Indonesia. As political interests intensified, ODA increased. Aside from these factors, the case study also shows that while CIDA is responsible for the administration of Canadian development assistance, the aid programme with Indonesia reflected the concerns of other federal government departments such as External Affairs. Also, political concerns of the Canadian government that instigated its interest in development assistance exist to a certain extent today.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze budget deficits in Canada and the United States from the time period of 1980 until 2000. This thesis will start out with an analysis of the literature surrounding budget deficits and surpluses and will provide a thumbnail sketch of what factors affect budgetary deficits and surpluses. We will then move on to an analysis of these theories examined through the lens of our two case studi es, Canada and the United States from 1980 until 2000. The thesis will end with an analysis of the policies employed in the United States and Canada in order to get their fiscal houses under control.</p> <p>By the end of this work, I hope that the reader will understand the factors that affected budget policymaking in Canada and the United States from 1980 to 2000. We will discover that Canada tended to pursue a cutback-based solution to budget balance, whereas the United States tended to pursue a revenue-based solution. We will also find that there were differing political factors that affected the outcomes in both nations.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>This work seeks to examine the role that institutions play in integrating minority populations into predominant political systems. The work explores a number of accommodation strategies, ranging from strong, rigid measures to more fluid methods of integration. Overall, the work presented in this thesis supports the contention that institutions can affect the levels of formal political representation, participation, and efficacy rates of minority populations. There is also an underlying thesis which states that fluid accommodation strategies are preferable overall their rigid counterparts, namely because of the latter's divisive effects and propensity toward Balkanization.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>An Examination of the Modernization Process and Ethnic Mobilization among the Nagas of Northeastern India.</p> <p>An important feature of politics in the hills of northeast India is the confrontation between tradition and modernity. Many relatively isolated groups of people have come into contact with powerful external forces of change, and have undergone fundamental social transformation. A key element in this process is the political mobilization of previously isolated groups, and the creation of new sources of friction between them. The aim of this thesis is:</p> <p>(i) to examine the formation of an ethnic group known as the 'Nagas' from among the ill-defined and constantly warring linguistic and cultural groups which inhabited the Patkoi range of mountains during the nineteenth century, and,<br />(ii) to examine the sources and forms of ethnic cohesion and conflict. The central theme employed in the development of the analysis is</p> <p>the process of social change. Various patterns and agents in the process are examined from a historical perspective, and the British colonial administration; the Protestant church; neighbouring ethnic groups; trade contacts; and foreign armies; is assessed in the extent to which they contribute to social change, and affect the formation of political orientations. The institutions, structures and organizations that help to maintain ethnic boundaries are investigated, and consideration is given to the agents of change, the so-called "new elite".</p> <p>The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter focuses upon a discussion of approaches to the questions of modernization and ethnicity, to establish the theoretical basis for the study.</p> <p>A brief overview of traditional Naga society is presented in the second chapter with special emphasis given to an explanation of traditional socialization patterns.</p> <p>Chapter three outlines the development of the early British relations with the Nagas, the gradual extension of British administration over the Naga Hills and, the reactions of Nagas to colonial administration. The development of opposition to British rule reveals the central role played by the village of Khonoma.</p> <p>The fourth chapter seeks to identify the primary factors inducing social change in the pre-1967 period; 'These include, the impact of the British administration, the spread of Christianity, social conflict generated within Naga villages, the emergence of new Naga elites, and the impact of the Second World War.</p> <p>The final two chapters focus on the post-war politics, with special emphasis given to the development of ethnic identities as a basis for political mobilization. The Naga National Council, demands secession from India and provide the importance of new organizational and propaganda methods used by the elite in crystallizing and maintaining ethnic boundaries.</p> <p>Divisions within the elite, development of factionalism, peace politics, stop-go game with the Indian government. The account reveals how the Naga National Council became the vehicle for articulating Naga political demands, including the demand for secession from India. In the political struggle with Indian authorities Naga elites utilized new techniques to crystallize ethnic boundaries. As the level of violence subsides, arising from various peace initiatives and the alternate policies of the Indian Government, internal political divisions within Naga society became manifest in elite factionalism. Ethnic identity is viewed as being derived in large measure from the political process with the salience of ethnicity being a function of the issues and cleavages of political struggle.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>The primary goal of this thesis is to examine the relationship between global civil society and global governance using a case study of the global social movement opposed to genetically modified organisms in the European Union and the United States. This thesis argues that social movement actors will be most effective when they focus on a variety of targets including states, international institutions, and corporations. Chapter one of this thesis reviews the current scholarship on global civil society, focussing on the International Relations and social movement literatures. The remainder of this thesis consists of a case study of the global social movement opposed to GMOs and focuses on the EU and US. The case study outlines how the anti-GM movement became a fundamental agent in redefining public perceptions of agricultural biotechnology and pressuring governments and corporate actors to alter their stances towards this new technology. The case study outlines the emergence of the anti-GM movement and the impact of political and cultural factors on its effectiveness. It discusses national regulatory structures governing GMOs in the US and EU as well as the regulatory impact of international institutions, specifically the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the World Trade Organization. The case study also examines the impact the anti-GM movement had on a variety of corporate actors including food processors and retailers and the biotechnology industry itself. The findings of this thesis suggest that while the anti-GM movement has been able to influence government regulators in the EU and to some extent the US, it has also achieved de facto policy change by directly targeting the biotechnology industry. Thus, when a political context is particularly unwelcoming to civil society groups, de facto policy change may still be possible without the primary involvement of states.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>The cardinal aim of this thesis is to appraise the considerable shifts in Chinese foreign policy in the 1970s. It attempts to illuminate the inextricable linkages between China's domestic politics and her external behaviour. The analysis pays special attention to China's relationship with the superpowers--the United States and the Soviet Union. In addition China's Third World policy is assessed in the light of the salient transformations in her overall global policy. While the various factors impacting on China's foreign policy processes in the decade under study are discussed in this thesis, it is my submission that the phenomenal changes in Chinese foreign policy arose logically from the parallel transformations in China's domestic politics after the Cultural Revolution.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>Most analyses of welfare state reform show that the radical retrenchment of social programs is rare in advanced industrialized countries. But more recent studies argue that despite widespread path dependence, welfare state institutions frequently undergo significant policy drift: even though their formal structures remain largely stable, they increasingly fail to achieve their institutionalized goals, thus creating growing disparities between policies and outcomes. In this paper, drift in the Canadian health care system is explored through the application of this theory to the Canada Health Act. This study has identified two forms of drift, policy and regulatory. These types of drift have developed in the absence of adequate updating and upholding. As a result of the drift that is occurring, the implementation of the existing principles embodied in the Canada Health Act has decreased significantly during the past two decades.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>The primary goal of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of a rational - constructivist synthesis approach to international political economy (IPE) through a comparative case study approach. Following the approach suggested by Hasenclever, Rittberger and Mayer (1997,2000) for constructing a synthesis approach; this thesis develops a framework and testable hypotheses specific to international macroeconomic coordination. Utilizing a comparative framework between two periods of global macroeconomic imbalances (1982 - 1985 and 2003 - 2006) this thesis compares and contrasts three traditional approaches to IPE, interest-based rationalism, power-based rationalism and constructivism to the rational-constructivists synthesis approach. It is found that many of the anomalies generated by the three traditional approaches to IPE are answered by the rational-constructivist approach, thus arguing for the further development of this approach.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>This thesis is a study of the conflict on the island of Cyprus, using a systems approach. By using systems analysis and partial al locative theories the author has been able to locate the areas of stress in the politics of Cyprus with much greater ease than would have been if he had used an historical approach.</p> <p>The study begins with an introduction to the theoretical and conceptual framework used in the study. Chapter II gives the historical, political and economic background to the present strife on Cyprus. Chapter III is an application of the theoretical and conceptual framework to the data we have available on Cyprus. This chapter is the substantive chapter which attempts to answer such questions as why there are two political systems on Cyprus, why did stress have such an effect on the system, and what is the situation at the present. It is suggested that while there is no clear answer to the above question, the fact that there are two political cultures and two political systems has undoubtedly contributed to the problems on Cyprus.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>The subject of this thesis is the concept of the "state of the whole people", outlined in the New Party program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. This concept, initiated during N. S. Khrushchev's leadership, will be analyzed in relation to the self-proclaimed goal of all 'Marxists", the ultimate classless communist society. Soviet and Western sources will be used.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)