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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has the objective of studying the political parties institutionalization process in Argentina and Brazil since the democratization until the 2000s. To an analysis aimed to historical and institutional aspects, it sought to evaluate the effects of these variables on the institutionalization and the internal dynamics of the greatest legends that form the Argentinian and Brazilian party systems, namely PJ and UCR, PFL, PMDB, PSDB and PT respectively. To deal with the analytical purposes at hand, resorted to the policy of the methodology compared with the contribution of the historical neo-institutionalism and neo-institutionalism of rational choice. With comparative analysis aims to identify similarities and/or differences between the cases. Already with the historical neo-institutionalism it is emphasized the importance of the historical trajectory of the political parties and with the neo-institutionalism of rational choice, emphasize the molding influence of institutional rules on political outcomes. Finally, the findings of this study show that, in a broad sense, despite the severe crisis of representation, which to a large extent, affects all parties, they still have a satisfactory ability to structure party systems of the screen countries. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar o processo de institucionalização dos partidos políticos na Argentina e no Brasil desde a redemocratização até os anos 2000. Com uma análise voltada aos aspectos históricos e institucionais, procurou-se verificar os efeitos dessas variáveis sobre a institucionalização e a dinâmica interna das maiores legendas que formam os sistemas partidários argentino e brasileiro, a saber: PJ e UCR, PFL, PMDB, PDSB e PT respectivamente. Para lidar com os propósitos analíticos em pauta, recorreu-se à metodologia da política comparada juntamente com o aporte do neo-institucionalismo histórico e do neo-institucionalismo da escolha racional. Com a análise comparada, visa-se a identificar semelhanças e/ou diferenças entre os casos. Já com o neo-institucionalismo histórico se enfatiza a importância da trajetória histórica sobre os partidos políticos e, com o neo-institucionalismo da escolha racional, ressalta-se a influência modeladora das regras institucionais sobre os resultados políticos. Por fim, as conclusões deste estudo mostram que, num sentido lato, em que pese a grave crise de representatividade, que, em boa medida, atinge todos os partidos, estes ainda apresentam uma capacidade satisfatória de estruturar os sistemas partidários dos países em tela.

Cette thèse explore la continuité entre le Reichstag de Weimar et le Bundestag de Bonn à travers les itinéraires de 34 élus ayant siégé dans les deux chambres. L’élaboration du portrait socio-politique du groupe considéré aboutit au constat d’une diversité fondamentale, mais aussi à l’identification de milieux socio-moraux structurant la vie politique de l’Allemagne impériale. Ces acteurs vécurent différemment leur passage au Reichstag avant 1933, suivant leur parti, leur genre, la date et circonscription de leur élection ou les fonctions qu’ils exercèrent au parlement. La mise au pas du Reichstag et l’effondrement de la République marquèrent un tournant dans leur existence. La recherche des causes de l’échec weimarien les accompagna toute leur vie. Les personnalités étudiées réagirent différemment à la dictature nazie. Si leurs situations varient considérablement entre 1933 et 1945, ces années se résument globalement à une expérience de la perte. Les anciens du Reichstag furent les cibles privilégiées de persécutions visant à briser toute opposition au nazisme. L’expérience de l’oppression les mua en démocrates attentifs et favorisa leur retour en politique dès 1945. La plupart participèrent à la refondation institutionnelle de l’Allemagne de l’Ouest entre 1945 et 1949. Leurs retrouvailles avec le parlement à partir de 1949 furent difficiles dans la mesure où ils percevaient le Bundestag à travers le filtre de leur souvenir du Reichstag. Au Bundestag, ils mirent à profit leur connaissance du travail parlementaire, contribuant ainsi à stabiliser le nouvel État. Certains y perpétuèrent une culture politique forgée avant 1933 qui peut être qualifiée d’« esprit de Weimar ». / This PhD thesis studies the continuity between the Weimar Reichstag and the Bundestag in Bonn from the perspective of 34 representatives who were elected in both chambers. Constructing the socio-political portrait of this group reveals an essential diversity while at the same time leading to the identification of the socio-moral backgrounds that structured political life in imperial Germany. These men and women experienced their time in the Reichstag differently, depending on their party, gender, constituency, the period in question, and the place they occupied in parliament.The neutralisation of the Reichstag and the fall of the Republic marked a turning point in their lives. The question of why the Weimar Republic had failed would follow them for the rest of their lives. The members of this group reacted differently to the Nazi dictatorship. If their situations varied considerably between 1933 and 1945, the period was generally marked by the experience of loss. The former members of the Reichstag were the main targets of Nazi persecutions aimed at opponents of the regime. Living through oppression turned them into considerate democrats and encouraged their return to politics. Most took part in the institutional reconstruction of West Germany between 1945 and 1949. Their reunion with the parliament from 1949 onward was difficult, since they perceived the Bundestag through the prism of their past experience in the Reichstag. In the Bundestag, they built on their knowledge of parliamentary work, thereby contributing to stabilising the new state. Some of them perpetuated a political culture that had been shaped before 1933 and which can be described as “the Weimar spirit”.