This thesis asks why Japan decided to procure BMD if it meant building an infrastructure which, because of its technological nature, had the potential to disrupt Japan’s preferred security strategy of hedging, that is, maintaining ambiguity of commitment, vis-à-vis China and the US. The investigation was divided into three parts dealing with the following questions – Why did Japan's BMD procurement matter? Who mattered? Why were the BMD and related decisions made? Such a structure of research was informed by “neoclassical realism,” according to which the relative material power of a country sets the parameters of its foreign policy, but the policy choices within these international constraints are made by political elites. A range of policymaking heuristics were used to investigate the domestic element of the approach. In addition to the conventionally specified policymaking actors such as MOD, MOFA, Prime Ministers, an original attempt was made to identify the possible influences of several elite networks. On the basis of the notes from the Japan-US Security Strategy Conference, two elite networks were analysed, namely the Japan’s Congressional National Security Research Group and Japan-US Centre for Peace and Cultural Exchange. It was concluded that they have probably had some influence on shaping Japan's BMD decisions. The conclusion of this research is that BMD was procured despite its disruptive potential because it was a tool of shifting Japanese policy from one hedging policy to another, that is, from one based on self-imposed restraints toward one exercised from the position of military strength. An analysis of international relations in East Asia in 1994-2007 and an analysis of the views of the security elites make Japan's transition toward a military strength-based hedging appear rational and confirm BMD's utility as a tool in this transition. Some negative consequences of a possible disruption to hedging, induced by BMD, can be contained exactly because of such a reformatting of hedging.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camelucci_al_me_fran.pdf: 809848 bytes, checksum: 6f66ea0b5a604fe03129dfc6816df2f9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho procura demonstrar as experiências de Repúblicas no município de Franca, entre os anos de 1880-1906. Nesse sentido as experiências de Repúblicas em Franca podem ser apreendidas a partir das especificidades da propaganda republicana no município. Isso ocorre a partir do ano de 1880, quando a propaganda republicana ganha força no município de Franca, concomitantemente com a fundação do Partido Republicano de Franca e da participação do município nos Congressos Republicanos. Apesar de Franca e freguesias apresentar um contingente republicano pouco numeroso – se comparado com outras cidades como Campinas, Amparo, Botucatu, Piracicaba, Rio Claro - é possível a identificação de experiências de Repúblicas implícitas nas relações – que muitas vezes estavam arraigadas em interesses políticos partidários – entre republicanos e os indivíduos que compunham as fileiras do partido Conservador e Liberal, indicando também o “terreno” político em que as idéias republicanas eram propagadas no município, bem como a adesão de parte da elite dirigente ao regime republicano no final dos anos 80. Diante disso, as experiências de Repúblicas no município de Franca estiveram presentes nos debates que envolveram a crise do Brasil- Império. Por intermédio do jornal O Nono Districto a elite dirigente e intelectual - a maneira dos grupos que compunham a geração 1870 - debateu os temas que evidenciavam esse momento de crise: federação, separação Igreja do Estado, instrução pública, abolição da escravidão, imigração. Ao debater essas questões, O Nono Districto também se preocupou em apontar soluções para a superação da crise. Além disso, O Nono Districto se atentou em questões de cunho mais pragmáticas que visavam o progresso do município, como a autonomia municipal defendida nas páginas do jornal. A analise que o jornal faz da... / In spite of their small number and customers in the city of Franca by the end of 19th century, the republicans were always very active concerning both their participation in the Francana political life and in the propaganda of their ideas. Therefore, they resort to the press. However, from 1887 on, with the intensification of the republican propaganda in the city of Franca, the political scene of apparent stability which involved both monarch parties taking turns in the local power was transformed. The consequences of these alterations were felt in the rearticulation of the political power around the Republic, when setting the groups which would walk in opposite sides in the local politics as a result of diverse interests. This paper aims at analyzing the republican idea in the city of Franca as well as what the influence of the republican propaganda was to the alternation of the local political scene in the last years of the Empire, which brought about series of political resistance in Franca in the first years of the Republic – the creation of the Catholic Party in 1890, the great division of the PRP in 1901 and the monarch rebellion in 1902 – which were only gotten around in 1906, with the political “reconciliation” carried out by PRP

Orientador: Denise Aparecida Soares de Moura / Banca: Lélio Luiz de Oliveira / Banca: Suely Robles Reis de Queiroz / Resumo: O presente trabalho procura demonstrar as experiências de Repúblicas no município de Franca, entre os anos de 1880-1906. Nesse sentido as experiências de Repúblicas em Franca podem ser apreendidas a partir das especificidades da propaganda republicana no município. Isso ocorre a partir do ano de 1880, quando a propaganda republicana ganha força no município de Franca, concomitantemente com a fundação do Partido Republicano de Franca e da participação do município nos Congressos Republicanos. Apesar de Franca e freguesias apresentar um contingente republicano pouco numeroso - se comparado com outras cidades como Campinas, Amparo, Botucatu, Piracicaba, Rio Claro - é possível a identificação de experiências de Repúblicas implícitas nas relações - que muitas vezes estavam arraigadas em interesses políticos partidários - entre republicanos e os indivíduos que compunham as fileiras do partido Conservador e Liberal, indicando também o "terreno" político em que as idéias republicanas eram propagadas no município, bem como a adesão de parte da elite dirigente ao regime republicano no final dos anos 80. Diante disso, as experiências de Repúblicas no município de Franca estiveram presentes nos debates que envolveram a crise do Brasil- Império. Por intermédio do jornal O Nono Districto a elite dirigente e intelectual - a maneira dos grupos que compunham a geração 1870 - debateu os temas que evidenciavam esse momento de crise: federação, separação Igreja do Estado, instrução pública, abolição da escravidão, imigração. Ao debater essas questões, O Nono Districto também se preocupou em apontar soluções para a superação da crise. Além disso, O Nono Districto se atentou em questões de cunho mais pragmáticas que visavam o progresso do município, como a autonomia municipal defendida nas páginas do jornal. A analise que o jornal faz da ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In spite of their small number and customers in the city of Franca by the end of 19th century, the republicans were always very active concerning both their participation in the Francana political life and in the propaganda of their ideas. Therefore, they resort to the press. However, from 1887 on, with the intensification of the republican propaganda in the city of Franca, the political scene of apparent stability which involved both monarch parties taking turns in the local power was transformed. The consequences of these alterations were felt in the rearticulation of the political power around the Republic, when setting the groups which would walk in opposite sides in the local politics as a result of diverse interests. This paper aims at analyzing the republican idea in the city of Franca as well as what the influence of the republican propaganda was to the alternation of the local political scene in the last years of the Empire, which brought about series of political resistance in Franca in the first years of the Republic - the creation of the Catholic Party in 1890, the great division of the PRP in 1901 and the monarch rebellion in 1902 - which were only gotten around in 1906, with the political "reconciliation" carried out by PRP / Mestre