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Lower upper cretaceous plant microfossils from Minnesota /Pierce, Richard LeRoy, January 1961 (has links)
Texte remanié de: Thesis--Minneaopolis--University of Minnesota, 1958. / Bibliogr. p. 75-81. Index.
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Ecology and climates of early Middle Pleistocene interglacials in BritainRowney, Francis January 2018 (has links)
This thesis refines and develops understanding of the ecological and climatic characteristics of early Middle Pleistocene (MIS 19-13, c. 780-430 ka) interglacial environments in Britain. This period is characterised by globally muted (i.e. low amplitude) glacial-interglacial cycles, which increased in amplitude c. 430 ka with the Mid-Brunhes Transition (MBT). However, the influence of these global climatic characteristics on climates and ecology at regional and local scales is yet to be fully understood. Local ecological processes, particularly disturbance processes, have also received limited attention in pre-Holocene interglacial settings, despite their likely importance for vegetation and habitat structure. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 present in-depth multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental studies from three early Middle Pleistocene sites: West Runton, Pakefield and Brooksby. A combination of Coleoptera, pollen, coprophilous fungal spores, microcharcoal and sedimentology is used to reconstruct local ecological attributes for each site. Multivariate analyses of these datasets indicate the importance of disturbance processes (herbivore activity, wildfire, hydrogeomorphic processes) in driving and maintaining local vegetation structure and habitat heterogeneity. This is explored further (in Chapter 8), emphasising the apparent importance of site-specific factors, rather than those shared between sites, in determining the relative influence of each disturbance factor. In Chapter 7, new approaches to the coleopteran Mutual Climatic Range (MCR) method are applied to a suite of coleopteran records from interglacial sites spanning the Middle and Late Pleistocene (c.712-126 ka, MIS 17-5e). Summer temperatures, winter temperatures and temperature seasonality are reconstructed, to test whether there is evidence for MBT expression in Northwest European thermoclimates. No evidence for this is found, and it is suggested (in Chapter 8) that MBT expression in this region may instead be reflected in hydroclimatic variables (e.g. enhanced annual precipitation). Finally, it is suggested that disturbance processes and potentially wetter climates were beneficial to contemporary Lower Palaeolithic populations in Northwest Europe.
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Ein Datenbanksystem (P.A.S.T) zur Verarbeitung und Interpretation von palynologischen Daten aus dem Paläogen Mitteleuropas mit Diversitätsbetrachtungen / A data base system (P.A.S.T) for processing and interpreting palynological data from the Palaeogene of Central Europe - application to diversity studiesBode, Thomas 12 December 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Reconstruction de la végétation et du climat durant le Quaternaire récent à partir de deux tourbières en zone subtropicale en Chine / Vegetation and climate reconstruction of the late Quaternary from two mountain peat boreholes in subtropical zone of ChinaLi, Jie 05 June 2012 (has links)
La chine subtropicale est considérée comme une zone riche en biodiversité ainsi qu'une réserve naturelle abritant plusieurs espèces de plantes endémiques sous l'influence de la Mousson Asiatique (MA). Les enregistrements paléoclimatiques continus dans cette région sont trop peu nombreux pour comprendre l'évolution floristique liée aux changements climatiques qui demeure ainsi méconnue, particulièrement durant le DMG. Dans ce contexte, ce travail a pour objectifs d'étudier, au cours des derniers 40000 ans, la variabilité floristique et climatique enregistrées dans les zones humides montagneuse sub-tropicales chinoises. Notre étude s'appuie sur l'étude de deux carottes sédimentaires ou la variabilité est reconstituée à partir de l'étude palynologique. L'enregistrement le plus long (derniers 42000 ans) a été obtenu sur une carotte prélevée dans la zone humide sub-alpine de Dajiuhu, dans les montagnes Shennongjia situées en Chine centrale. Cette région est fortement influencée par la Mousson Est Asiatique (MEA) et caractérisée par des forets tempérées décidues associées à quelques taxons de conifères. L'autre enregistrement concerne une carotte (GT-2), qui quant à elle enregistre les derniers 21000 ans, prélevée dans la zone humide de Gutian, province de Guangxi au sud de la chine sous l'influence de la mousson indienne (MI). L'objectif de ce travail est de reconstituer les variations régionales de la végétation et les variations climatiques liées aux deux systèmes de mousson (MEA et MI). L'étude palynologique de nos deux carottes est complétée et renforcée par une approche multi-proxy s'appuyant sur les spores, le δ13C, l'analyse de l'échelle de gris, la susceptibilité magnétique ainsi que le degré d'humification. L'analyse du pollen dans la carotte DJH-1 révèle que le climat et la végétation ont significativement varié tout au long de ces derniers 42000 ans. La région de Dajiuhu, caractérisée aujourd'hui par des forêts denses était autrefois couvertes par des prairies alpine associés à une forêt clairsemée durant le DMG comme le laisse suggérer la prédominance des Cyperaceae et Poaceae dans les spectres polliniques. De faibles teneurs en matière organique (MOT) ainsi qu'un niveau de gris bas ont été aussi signalés durant la période glaciaire. La foret commençait à se reconstituer à partir de 14ka BP et les forets à arbre persistant ont atteint leur niveau maximale entre 10ka et 4ka BP, correspondant au maximum thermique de l'holocène. Les changements survenus après 4000BP ont été explorés aussi. La carotte GT-2 au sud de la chine sub-tropicale révèle quant à elle une végétation différente durant le dernier maximum glaciaire. Les spectres polliniques indiquent que cette période était caractérisée par des forêts de conifères associées à des forêts décidues. La prépondérance des genres décidus comme Carpinus, Betula et Corylus semble indiquer des conditions froides, alors que les pluies restaient abondantes. L'abondance du genre Tsuga, particulièrement entre 21 et 17ka BP suggère la descente de la limite forestière à des altitudes beaucoup plus basses. Les successions de biomes dans montagnes subtropicale du sud de la chine s'est étalée sur plusieurs phases : (1) la première se caractérise par des forêts décidues associées à des conifères (17-12.5ka BP), (2) la deuxième phase est dominée par les forêts decidues, (3) la troisième se caractérise par des forêts à arbres persistants associées à des arbres a feuilles caduques (12.5-9ka BP). Les deux dernières phases voient se succéder des forêts à arbres persistants (9-2.5ka BP) puis une forêt mixte, probablement liée à l'activité humaine. La comparaison entre les deux sites d'étude confirme que les changements de végétation durant le DMG étaient importants. / Subtropical China is considered as an important region for biodiversity and a great natural reserve for endemic plant species, where the climate is mainly controlled by Asian Monsoon (AM). Since the recent decades, few continuous records so far covering the last glacial period in this area have been studied. In consequence, the past floristic evolution and vegetation-climate changes during particularly the Last Glacial period are still unclear. In this study, two cores from subtropical mountain wetlands were studied by means of palynology and other multidisciplinary proxies. The longer studied material covering the last 42 ka was obtained from a sub-alpine wetland in Dajiuhu, Shennongjia Mountains of central China, where the present-day vegetation is temperate deciduous forest mixed with some conifer taxa, and the climate is greatly influenced by the East Asian monsoon (EAM). The other material, core GT-2, collected in Gutian wetland of Guangxi Province in south China has an age of 21 ka can reflect the changes of evergreen forest and climate which is controled by the Indian monsoon (IM) overlapped with EAM. The aim of the current study is to reconstruct the regional vegetation and climate changes, and better understand the variability of two monsoon system (EAM and IM) since the last glacial period. Multi-proxy analysis including pollen and spore, stable carbon isotope (δ13C), sediment gray-scale (GS), magnetic suscepbitility (MS),peat humification (HD) and so on were perfomed for evaluating the regional environment changes. The overall result can be summarized as below: The pollen analysis from the DJH-1 core reveals that the past vegetation and climate in northern subtropical zone of central China varied significantly over the last 42 ka. The vegetation in Dajiuhu region, dominated by dense temperate forest today, was an alpine meadow with sparse mixed forest during the last glacial characterized by predominant Cyperaceae and Poaceae in the pollen spectra. Other proxies show that the lowest TOC content and lighter gray-scale in the glacial interval. The broadleaved forest began to return since 14 cal ka BP, and the evergreen broadleaved trees attained their highest level between ~10 and 4 cal ka BP, accordance in timing with the Holocene thermal maximum. A change at 4000 cal BP in pollen spretra was also investigated. The results from the core GT-2 in southern subtropical zone of China suggest a different replacement of vegetation during the last glacial. Pollen data indicate that a dense mixed forest of coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forest covered the southern subtropical mountains during the LGM (21-12.5 cal ka BP). The grass was however in low percentage. The high percentage of deciduous taxa such as Carpinus, Betula and Corylus indicate a colder condition, whereas the rainfall maintains abundant. The relatively high amount of Tsuga particularly during 21-17 cal ka BP suggests an important lowering of vertical forest belt. The biome changes in the southern subtropical mountains since the last glacial maximum can be outlined as follow: (1) deciduous and coniferous mixed forest (21-17 ka BP); (2) deciduous broadleaved forest (17-12.5 ka BP); (3) deciduous and evergreen mixed forest (12.5-9 ka BP); (4) evergreen broadleaved forest (9-2.5 cal ka BP) and (5) Mixed forest (from 2.5 cal ka BP) possible caused by human activity. The comparison of the two studied sites confirms that the shift of vegetation zone during the last glacial period is important. The alpine tree line might decend at an amplitude of more than 1000 m lower than that of today, and the temperate zone of deciduous broadleaved forest moved southwards to Guangxi Province (e.g. from about 30 to 22 latitude N ). The rapid increase of braodleved forest in central China began at about 10 cal ka BP, whereas the return to evergreen forest in Guangxi of southern subtropical zone took place at ca. 9 cal ka BP.
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