Tübingen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 1978. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 370-386).

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This study is a consideration of the notion of the artist as a visionary. This perception of the artist is explored in relation to the work and ideas of three twentieth century artists; the American painter Jackson Pollock (1912-1952), the German artist Joseph Beuys (1921-1983) and the South African artist Jackson Hlungwani (1918 -). The work and ideas of these artists is discussed primarily in terms of the similarities and differences between their art and ideas and those encountered in traditional shamanism and the visionary aspects of Romantic and Gothic art and culture as represented by the work and ideas of eighteenth century English poet and painter William Blake (1757-1827). Each of the twentieth century artists who are considered represents a different strain of the idea of the artist as a visionary. Pollock is discussed in terms of his implicit identification with the artist-shaman. This identification is revealed by the influence Jung's writings and Native American (Indian) art and culture had on his work. Beuys is considered in relation to his explicit adoption of a shaman-like persona. Hlungwani is a practising healer in a traditional community whose art explores an apocalyptic vision of redemption. The comparisons between the artists under investigation and the visionary aspects of traditional shamanism and Gothic and Romantic culture entail an analysis of pictorial elements, subject matter and content in the work of these artists. The intention was to explore those properties in the work and ideas of these artists which correspond to the notion of the artist as a visionary. / Thesis (M.A.F.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1996.

L'art américain de la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle, en particulier la peinture, a su s'imposer au monde occidental et nous proposer des productions riches de significations. Parmi ces dernières, les oeuvres de Jackson Pollock et de Mark Rothko se classent parmi les plus marquantes. Leurs toiles ont révolutionné le monde de la peinture et ont confronté le regardeur à des modes d'expression novateurs et inédits. L'objet visé par notre recherche consiste à saisir la dimension surtout existentielle des oeuvres des deux peintres étudiés. Nous avons d'abord proposé un cadre de référence nous permettant d'analyser certaines réalisations de Pollock et Rothko, en nous appuyant en particulier sur la pensée existentialiste française et sur celle issue des écrivains américains de la Lost Generation. L'examen des pratiques artistiques des deux peintres américains a été précédé par une analyse sommaire de l'expressionnisme abstrait, courant auquel ils sont rattachés. Une étude des oeuvres retenues a suivi et a abouti à une comparaison permettant de faire ressortir les différences, mais surtout les similarités entre les oeuvres des deux artistes. En conclusion, nous avons tenté de situer le travail des deux artistes en tant que questionnement fondamental sur la condition humaine. L'intérêt d'une telle démarche réside d'une part dans la compréhension de l'expression artistique de ces deux représentants majeurs de l'art américain au 20e siècle et, d'autre part, dans l'interprétation philosophique du "drame humain" incarné par leurs productions.

The imagery in Jackson Pollock's three extant sketchbooks which date from c.1934-1939 is dependent on that of other artists, especially El Greco, Rubens and Tintoretto. By 1947 however, the painter achieved a mature synthesis, distinctly his, which influenced contemporary painting, and was seminal for the work of a number of artists of the succeeding era. This dissertation is an attempt to document the phases of Pollock's artistic style from the early 1930s through to the middle 1950s, and to investigate the forces which may have catalyzed his temperament and precipitated his late style. The early sketchbooks begun in c.1934 represent Pollock's engagement with the art of the Old Masters and the teaching techniques of Thomas Hart Benton that utilized works from the Renaissance. The third sketchbook from c.1937-1939 induced him to re-examine the work of the Old Masters in a dialectical approach which incorporated new masters with old, but remained preoccupied with the sacred imagery found in the first two books. It is a resolution of these seemingly opposing modes of representation which produced several influential paintings in the early 1940s, including Guardians of the Secret and Pasiphae. At the same time these works display structural emulations related to those of Old Master paintings that would become increasingly prominent in Pollock's art. The canvases of 1947-1950, produced in what is commonly termed the “Classic Poured Period,” appear to represent a quantum leap beyond the concerns of Old Master works and European precedents. By this point Pollock had developed a fluency and assurance in his use of color and line that seems to extend further than the studied paradigmatic repetitions of his early sketchbooks. However, despite the radically new technique his paintings still exhibit pictorial and formal infrastructures derived from Renaissance paintings which were absorbed into Pollock's new idiom with surprising ease. In 1951 Pollock enters what Francis V.O'Connor termed as ‘his fourth phase'. The Black paintings of 1951-1953 betray a further exploration and adaptation of Old Master ideas, both iconographic and aesthetic and were created in Triptychs and Diptychs, typical altarpiece formats. With these paintings Pollock's forms acquired a confident plasticity and invention derived from the sculptural practices of Michelangelo, and progressively fewer individual images are quoted verbatim. An understanding of Pollock's early preoccupation with old Master painting is essential to comprehend the formation of the aesthetics of much of his later art. Significantly the underlying infrastructure remains fixed to old Master precedents and it was precisely these models of Renaissance and Baroque art which became the medium through which his mature synthesis was achieved.