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Michel M. Benarie. / Includes bibliographies and indexes.

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Ever since air pollution became a national concern in the 1950's, more and more emphasis has been placed on collection of representative air samples for many purposed, to include (1) evaluation of the degree to which national ambient air quality standards are being met and (2) to monitor maximum emission levels from point sources. Until recently efforts were directed toward qualitative methods of siting monitors for representative sampling. Since the dispersion of effluents is most complex, the quality of the data collected on the basis of judgment and, more or less, incremental siting about the source, has become suspect. Furthermore, with the increasing demands for monitoring due to international growth in network monitoring systems, amendments to the Clean Air Act and the legislation on the Prevention of Significant Deteoriation of Air Quality, it is not cost-effective to encircle point sources with large numbers of equally spaced monitors. This paper discussed the history of air pollution concerns that have resulted in the need for monitoring; the development of siting techniques through largely qualitative measures; and finally, summarizes three quantitative methodologies for monitoring point sources. Emphasis is placed on the methodology developed by Noll, et al., (1977), based on the author's belief that this methodology represents the state of the art.

The increased use of residential wood and coal stoves in recent years h.as caused a growing concern for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from these stoves. Design of stoves that reduce PAH emissions has been hampered because existing PAH measurement techniques are slow, complex, and expensive. This study investigates two simple, inexpensive, real-time PAH measurement techniques which might be suitable for testing stoves. The first uses a device, called the "moving tape sampler" (MTS), that collects particulate samples on filter paper tape and uses sensitized flourescence to measure total PAH on the tape. The MTS results are compared to the results of a conventional PAH measurement technique, but no definite relationship between the two is found. Uncertainties about the conventional technique make it unclear whether one or both of the techniques give incorrect emission rates. The second method is the use of CO and NO_x as proxy compounds to infer PAH emissions. A plot of CO emission factors against PAH emission factors suggest CO as a proxy for PAH emissions while a similar plot for NO_x gives some evidence of NO_x being an "inverse" proxy for PAH emissions. The lack of a trusted PAH measurement technique has hampered the evaluation of both the MTS and proxy techniques. / Master of Science