Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-04-27T12:05:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 aquivo total.pdf: 6385698 bytes, checksum: e405abafe77b914dfaead617fb32ee44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T12:05:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 aquivo total.pdf: 6385698 bytes, checksum: e405abafe77b914dfaead617fb32ee44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The bi-objective Pollution-Routing Problem (b-PRP) is a PRP (Pollution-Routing Problem Bekta¸s e Laporte (2011)) extension that considers separately two conflicting objectives: minimization of carbon emission costs and minimization of operational costs. To the best of our knowledge, only few papers in the literature present multi-objective analysis concerning transportation environmental issues. Due to the lack of specific methods that are capable of finding good results for this kind of problem, this dissertation aims to propose a new heuristic method for solving the b-PRP. In this method, solution sets are generated so as to represent possible scenarios for the problem. The proposed method is based on the Two-Phase Pareto Local Search (2PPLS) proposed by Lust e Teghem (2009). During the first phase of the method, efficient solutions are generated solving parametrized problems. In the second phase, each solution is explored by means of a Pareto Local Search procedure. In other to speed up the method, an efficient scheme is employed for assessing the news solutions. Despite of its simplicity, the proposed method was capable of finding a large number of efficient solutions in a reasonable time. Computational results show that the proposed approach leads to better results than those obtained by multiobjective techniques available in the literature. The quality indicators Hypervolume (H) and R Measure (R) have been used for assessing the efficient solutions sets. Because of the random behavior presented in the sequential method used to solve the parametrized problems, Mann-Whitney Nonparametric Test has been used for comparing the results. Outperformance Relations have also been used on the results analysis. We concluded that the majority of solutions generated by 2PPLS dominates those generated by others multi-objective methods found in the literature. / O Pollution-Routing Problem bi-Objetivo (b-PRP) ´e uma extens˜ao do PRP (Pollution- Routing Problem proposto por Bekta¸s e Laporte (2011)) que considera separadamente dois objetivos conflitantes: minimiza¸c˜ao dos custos com as emiss˜oes de carbono e minimiza¸c˜ao dos custos operacionais. Na literatura, poucos trabalhos apresentam an´alises multiobjetivo relacionadas aos problemas de transporte resolvidos no contexto ambiental. Devido `a aus ˆencia de m´etodos capazes de encontrar bons resultados para esses tipos de problemas, esta disserta¸c˜ao tem por objetivo desenvolver um m´etodo heur´ıstico para a resolu¸c˜ao do b-PRP. S˜ao gerados conjuntos de solu¸c˜oes eficientes, que representam os poss´ıveis trade-offs entre os objetivos. A abordagem heur´ıstica proposta ´e baseada no m´etodo Two-Phase Pareto Local Search (2PPLS). A primeira fase do m´etodo ´e dedicada `a gera¸c˜ao de um conjunto de solu¸c˜oes eficientes suportadas, atrav´es da resolu¸c˜ao de problemas multiobjetivo agregados. Na segunda fase, as solu¸c˜oes geradas na primeira fase s˜ao exploradas aplicando-se um procedimento de Pareto Local Search. Nessa fase, emprega-se uma estrutura eficiente para a avalia¸c˜ao das novas solu¸c˜oes geradas. Apesar da simplicidade do m´etodo empregado, ele foi capaz de gerar um elevado n´umero de solu¸c˜oes eficientes e em um tempo computacional aceit´avel. Os resultados computacionais mostraram que a abordagem utilizada leva a resultados melhores do que os obtidos pelas t´ecnicas dispon´ıveis na literatura. Os indicadores de qualidade Hipervolume (H) e Medida R (R) foram considerados na avalia¸c˜ao dos conjuntos de solu¸c˜oes eficientes. Devido `a natureza aleat´oria do m´etodo, os resultados foram comparados por meio do Teste N˜ao Param´etrico de Mann-Whitney. Rela¸c˜oes de desempenho ainda foram empregadas na an´alise dos resultados, e mostraram que as Fronteiras de Pareto geradas pelo 2PPLS dominam, na grande maioria dos casos, aquelas geradas por outros m´etodos existentes na literatura.