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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The Preparation and Characterization of Poloxamer-based Temperature-sensitive Hydrogels for Topical Drug Delivery.

Gandra, Sarath Chandra Reddy 27 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
12

Incorporation of the antitumor drug miltefosine into polymeric micelles / Desenvolvimento de nanoestruturas poliméricas para encapsulação do antitumoral miltefosina

Feitosa, Valker Araujo 15 March 2019 (has links)
Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, HePC), a synthetic antitumor designed from natural phospholipids, is clinically approved for cutaneous metastases of breast cancer and cutaneous lymphoma. This drug acts mainly at cellular membrane level, where it accumulates and interferes with lipid metabolism and lipid-dependent signaling pathways leading the cells to apoptosis. However, HePC systemic and peroral administration induces hemolysis and mucosal toxicity, respectively. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the protective properties of colloidal polymeric micelles (PM) composed by Pluronics, triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide). We found that both Pluronic composition and concentration modulate the hemolytic profile of incorporated drug (HePC-PM) by increasing the drug amount to cause in vitro hemolysis. Moreover, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to assess structural information of interactions between HePC and PM. Additionally, we showed that HePC-PM prevented mucosal irritation, decreasing bleeding and lysis of blood vessels in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. Interestingly, HePC-PM increased the in vitro selective cytotoxicity against cervix tumor cells rather healthy fibroblasts, suggesting a differential uptake of these nanostructures by tumor cells. Furthermore, we also found that HePC induces cytotoxicity and decrease cell survival, migration and proliferation in osteosarcoma cells in vitro. We showed that cytotoxicity by HePC is associated with caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic-like bodys formation and inhibition of both constitutive and cytokine-stimulated Akt/PKB phosphorylation. HePC-PM clearly reduces the drug cytotoxic effects. Finally, we demonstrated that Pluronic F127 polymeric micelles are efficient for cargo delivering the encapsulated drug preferentially into tumor cells rather than healthy cells. These findings together suggest that Pluronic F127 PM reduce drug side effects and provide a potential alternative for systemic delivery of HePC, as well as other amphiphilic drugs. / Miltefosina (hexadecilfosfocolina, HePC), um fármaco antitumoral sintético desenvolvido a partir de fosfolipídios naturais, é clinicamente aprovada para o tratamento tópico de metástases de câncer de mama e linfomas cutâneos. Atua principalmente nas membranas celulares, onde se acumula e interfere no metabolismo lipídico e nas vias de sinalização dependentes de lipídios levando as células à apoptose. No entanto, quando administrada sistemicamente ou oralmente a HePC induz hemólise e toxicidade de mucosas, respectivamente. Para superar estas reações adversas investigamos os efeitos protetores conferidos por micelas poliméricas coloidais (PM) compostas por Pluronics, copolímeros tribloco de poli(óxido de etileno) e poli(óxido de propileno). Inicialmente, encontramos que a composição e concentração do Pluronic modulam o perfil hemolítico do fármaco encapsulado (HePC-PM), aumentando a quantidade necessária de HePC para causar hemólise in vitro. Além disso, utilizamos o espalhamento de raios-X a baixo ângulo (SAXS) para obter informações estruturais das interações entre HePC e PM. Em seguida, mostramos que HePC-PM preveniu a irritação da mucosa, diminuindo a hemorragia e a vasoconstricção em membrana corioalantóica de ovos embrionados. Estudos in vitro demonstraram que a HePC-PM aumentou seletivamente a citotoxicidade contra células de carcinoma HeLa em relação a fibroblastos saudáveis, sugerindo captação diferencial dessas nanoestruturas pelas células tumorais. Além disso, relatamos que, in vitro, a HePC induz citotoxicidade, diminui a sobrevivência, migração e proliferação osteossarcomas. Esta citotoxicidade está associada à ativação da caspase-3, fragmentação do DNA, formação de corpos apoptóticos e inibição da fosforilação de Akt/PKB. Adicionalmente, HePC-PM reduz os efeitos citotóxicos nestas linhagens. Finalmente, demonstramos que as micelas poliméricas de Pluronic F127 são eficientes para a entrega intracelular fármacos preferencialmente em células tumorais, e em menor grau em células saudáveis. Em conjunto, os dados sugerem que este sistema nanoestruturado reduz a toxicidade da HePC e representa uma alternativa potencial para a administração sistêmica deste e de outros fármacos anfifílicos.
13

DESENVOLVIMENTO TECNOLÓGICO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DE DISPERSÕES SÓLIDAS CONTENDO ÁCIDO FERÚLICO

Franke, Fabiula Adriana 26 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:13:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiula Franke.pdf: 1832049 bytes, checksum: 9f31a658c71b761b6dda69c029bbafb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / The ferulic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and photoprotective activity. However, despite these biological activities, its therapeutic usefulness is limited due to certain unfavorable physicochemical properties, especially the low aqueous solubility. It is classified as a Class II drug by the Biopharmaceutical Classification System and therefore its dissolution is a limiting step of absorption, may present bioavailability problems. Thus, considering the large number of pharmacological properties attributed to ferulic acid, the aim of this study was to develop and characterize solid dispersions containing ferulic acid, hydrophobic, a non-ionic surfactant (Poloxamer 407) and compare them in terms of improving the dissolution of ferulic acid. Solid dispersions were obtained by methods of crushing, kneading, co-evaporation, fusion, spray drying and freeze drying at concentrations of 10 and 20%. The formulations showed a yield between 38.6 and 80.2%. All formulations showed adequate amounts of efficiency of incorporation, greater than 80%. The solid dispersions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy in the infrared region in Fourier transform, whose results confirmed the acquisition of solid dispersions. The dissolution characteristics of the pure drug and the formulations were compared. Solid dispersions exhibited greater efficiency in improving the speed of dissolution of the ferulic acid, explainable by the effect of Poloxamer 407 surfactant. A highest increase of dissolving was obtained with the formulation obtained by the method of freeze drying at a concentration of 10%, with dissolution efficiency of 93.83%. The dissolution profiles showed the best fit to a monoexponential equation. These results suggest that the solid dispersions prepared with the use of Poloxamer 407, containing the drug, are strategies feasible in the pharmaceutical industry. / O ácido ferúlico tem atividade antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, antitrombótica, anticancerígena, neuroprotetora, cardioprotetora e fotoprotetora. No entanto, apesar dessas atividades biológicas, sua utilidade terapêutica é limitada devido a certas propriedades físico-químicas desfavoráveis, notadamente a baixa solubilidade aquosa. É qualificado como fármaco da Classe II pelo Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica e, portanto, sua dissolução é etapa limitante da absorção, podendo apresentar problemas de biodisponibilidade. Assim, considerando o elevado número de propriedades farmacológicas atribuídas ao ácido ferúlico, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar dispersões sólidas contendo ácido ferúlico, hidrofóbico, e um surfactante não-iônico Poloxamer 407 e compará-las quanto à melhoria na dissolução do ácido ferúlico. As dispersões sólidas foram obtidas pelos métodos de trituração, malaxagem, coevaporação, fusão, liofilização e spray-drying nas concentrações de 10 e 20%. As formulações apresentaram um rendimento entre 38,6 e 80,2%. Todas as formulações mostraram valores de eficiência de incorporação adequados, superiores a 80%. As dispersões sólidas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, por difração de raios X e por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada em Fourier, cujos resultados comprovaram a obtenção das dispersões sólidas. As características de dissolução entre o fármaco puro e as formulações foram comparadas. As dispersões sólidas apresentaram maior eficiência em melhorar a velocidade de dissolução do ácido ferúlico, explicável pelo efeito tensoativo do Poloxamer 407. Maior incremento da dissolução foi obtido com a formulação obtida pelo método de liofilização na concentração de 10%, com eficiência de dissolução de 93,83%. Os perfis de dissolução apresentaram o melhor ajuste para a equação monoexponencial. Esses resultados sugerem que as dispersões sólidas elaboradas com o uso do Poloxamer 407, contendo o fármaco, são estratégias viáveis na indústria farmacêutica.
14

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de dispersões sólidas de nimodipino empregando PEG 6000 ou Poloxamer 407 / Development and characterization of nimodipine solid dispersions of PEG 6000 or Poloxamer 407

Kreidel, Rogério Nepomuceno 11 March 2010 (has links)
O nimodipino é um bloqueador de canais de cálcio usado principalmente na terapia da hemorragia subaracnóidea e no tratamento de distúrbios cognitivos. É praticamente insolúvel em água e, pelo Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica (SCB), é qualificado como classe II e, portanto, sua dissolução é etapa limitante da absorção, podendo apresentar problemas de biodisponibilidade. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar dispersões sólidas de nimodipino, obtidas com os carreadores PEG 6000 ou Poloxamer 407 e compará-las quanto à melhoria na solubilidade e na dissolução do nimodipino. As dispersões sólidas foram obtidas pelos métodos de fusão e de evaporação do solvente e foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (FT-IR) e difração de raios-X, cujos resultados comprovaram a obtenção das dispersões sólidas. As características de solubilidade e de dissolução do nimodipino nas dispersões sólidas e em misturas físicas foram comparadas. As dispersões sólidas contendo poloxamer 407 apresentaram maior eficiência em melhorar a solubilidade e a velocidade de dissolução do nimodipino, o que pode ser explicado pelo seu efeito tensoativo. O aumento da solubilidade das dispersões sólidas preparadas com PEG (DSPEG-10 = 13,2 g.mL-1) foi significativamente maior que aquele devido às misturas físicas de mesma composição (MFPEG-10 = 3,21 g.mL-1) que, por sua vez, apresentaram solubilidade maior que a do fármaco (2,19 g.mL-1). O mesmo ocorreu com a eficiência de dissolução dessas preparações (DSPEG-10 = 69,11% , MFPEG-10 = 15,61% e nimodipino = 11,68%). Maior incremento da solubilidade foi obtido com a dispersão sólida produzida pelo método de evaporação do solvente contendo poloxamer 407 como carreador (SOLVP407-10 = 75,61 g.mL-1). / Nimodipine is a calcium blocker, used in prevention and treatment of ischaemic neurological deficits after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cognitive deficit. It exhibits a low solubility in water and it is classified as class two in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), thereby dissolution is the ratelimiting step in absorption, which impact on bioavailability. Consequently, the objective of this study was to develop and characterize solid dispersions of nimodipine, prepared with PEG 6000 or Poloxamer 407 and to compare them in terms of nimodipine solubility and dissolution. Solid dispersions were obtained by fusion and solvent methods and they were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction, where results confirmed the formation of solid dispersions. Solubility and dissolution characteristics of nimodipine in solid dispersions and physical mixtures were compared. Solid dispersions containing poloxamer 407 showed better efficiency than PEG in increasing solubility and dissolution rate of nimodipine, and it can be explained due to its surfactant activity. The solubility results obtained with solid dispersions prepared with PEG 6000 (DSPEG-10 = 13,2 g.mL-1) were better than physical mixtures with the same composition (MFPEG-10 = 3,21 g.mL-1) which, in turn, showed increased solubility compared with nimodipine (2,19 g.mL-1). Similar results were observed for dissolution efficiency (DSPEG-10 = 69,11% , MFPEG-10 = 15,61% and nimodipine = 11,68%). The best solubility result was obtained by the formulation prepared by the solvent method with poloxamer 407 as carrier (SOLVP407-10 = 75,61 g.mL-1).
15

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de dispersões sólidas de nimodipino empregando PEG 6000 ou Poloxamer 407 / Development and characterization of nimodipine solid dispersions of PEG 6000 or Poloxamer 407

Rogério Nepomuceno Kreidel 11 March 2010 (has links)
O nimodipino é um bloqueador de canais de cálcio usado principalmente na terapia da hemorragia subaracnóidea e no tratamento de distúrbios cognitivos. É praticamente insolúvel em água e, pelo Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica (SCB), é qualificado como classe II e, portanto, sua dissolução é etapa limitante da absorção, podendo apresentar problemas de biodisponibilidade. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar dispersões sólidas de nimodipino, obtidas com os carreadores PEG 6000 ou Poloxamer 407 e compará-las quanto à melhoria na solubilidade e na dissolução do nimodipino. As dispersões sólidas foram obtidas pelos métodos de fusão e de evaporação do solvente e foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (FT-IR) e difração de raios-X, cujos resultados comprovaram a obtenção das dispersões sólidas. As características de solubilidade e de dissolução do nimodipino nas dispersões sólidas e em misturas físicas foram comparadas. As dispersões sólidas contendo poloxamer 407 apresentaram maior eficiência em melhorar a solubilidade e a velocidade de dissolução do nimodipino, o que pode ser explicado pelo seu efeito tensoativo. O aumento da solubilidade das dispersões sólidas preparadas com PEG (DSPEG-10 = 13,2 g.mL-1) foi significativamente maior que aquele devido às misturas físicas de mesma composição (MFPEG-10 = 3,21 g.mL-1) que, por sua vez, apresentaram solubilidade maior que a do fármaco (2,19 g.mL-1). O mesmo ocorreu com a eficiência de dissolução dessas preparações (DSPEG-10 = 69,11% , MFPEG-10 = 15,61% e nimodipino = 11,68%). Maior incremento da solubilidade foi obtido com a dispersão sólida produzida pelo método de evaporação do solvente contendo poloxamer 407 como carreador (SOLVP407-10 = 75,61 g.mL-1). / Nimodipine is a calcium blocker, used in prevention and treatment of ischaemic neurological deficits after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cognitive deficit. It exhibits a low solubility in water and it is classified as class two in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), thereby dissolution is the ratelimiting step in absorption, which impact on bioavailability. Consequently, the objective of this study was to develop and characterize solid dispersions of nimodipine, prepared with PEG 6000 or Poloxamer 407 and to compare them in terms of nimodipine solubility and dissolution. Solid dispersions were obtained by fusion and solvent methods and they were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction, where results confirmed the formation of solid dispersions. Solubility and dissolution characteristics of nimodipine in solid dispersions and physical mixtures were compared. Solid dispersions containing poloxamer 407 showed better efficiency than PEG in increasing solubility and dissolution rate of nimodipine, and it can be explained due to its surfactant activity. The solubility results obtained with solid dispersions prepared with PEG 6000 (DSPEG-10 = 13,2 g.mL-1) were better than physical mixtures with the same composition (MFPEG-10 = 3,21 g.mL-1) which, in turn, showed increased solubility compared with nimodipine (2,19 g.mL-1). Similar results were observed for dissolution efficiency (DSPEG-10 = 69,11% , MFPEG-10 = 15,61% and nimodipine = 11,68%). The best solubility result was obtained by the formulation prepared by the solvent method with poloxamer 407 as carrier (SOLVP407-10 = 75,61 g.mL-1).
16

Intracellular drug delivery using laser activated carbon nanoparticles

Sengupta, Aritra 21 September 2015 (has links)
We demonstrate intracellular delivery of various molecules by inducing controlled and reversible cell damage through pulsed laser irradiation of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles. We then characterized and optimized the system for maximal uptake and minimal loss of viability. At our optimal condition 88% of cells exhibited uptake with almost no loss of viability. In other more intense cases it was shown that cell death could be prevented through addition of poloxamer. The underlying mechanism of action is also studied and our hypothesis is that the laser heats the CB leading to thermal expansion, vapor formation and/or chemical reaction leading to generation of acoustic waves and then there is energy transduction to the cell causing poration of the cell membrane. We also delivered anti-EGFR siRNA to ovarian cancer cells. Cells exposed to a laser at 18.75 mJ/cm2 for 7 minutes resulted in a 49% knockdown of EGFR compared to negative control. We established an alternative way to deliver siRNA to knockdown proteins, for the first time using laser CB interaction.
17

Sistemas híbridos nanoestruturados contendo Budesonida para o tratamento de colite ulcerativa

Akkari, Alessandra Cristina Santos January 2015 (has links)
Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Daniele Ribeiro de Araujo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, 2015. / It is expected the improvement of BUD physicochemical properties through complexation with CD and the incorporation of BUD:HP-â-CD inclusion complex into PL-based hydrogels, contributing to a longer duration of anti-inflammatory effect associated with high bioadhesion in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. In this work, we propose the study of the system BUD:HP-â-CD inclusion complex incorporated into PL407 and PL407-PL403, since the micelles assembling to the thermoreversible hydrogels considering structural and thermodynamics parameters related to inclusion complex formation, micellization and sol-gel transition phase, as well as the interaction between BUD:HP-â-CD complex and PL. Complexation between BUD and HP-â-CD was confirmed by phase solubility studies (1:1 stoichiometry, Kc = 8662.8 M-1), DSC and microscopy analyzes. BUD solubility on upper and lower simulated colon fluids was improved in a dependence of both carriers association (HP-â-CD and PL407 or PL407-PL403). Micellar hydrodynamic diameter determination showed the interaction between HP-â-CD and PL blocks, as well as the reorganization of the micellar system in the presence of BUD. Micellization temperature (Tm) was not shifted, but in the presence of BUD or HP-â-CD, an increase on ÄH° values was observed for all formulations. Sol-gel phase transition studies showed that in the presence of BUD, HP-â-CD or BUD:HP-â-CD complex, the association PL407-PL403 favored the gel formation close to the physiological temperature. 1H-NMR studies revealed the interaction between PL407 and HP-â-CD and FTIR confirmed the effective incorporation of the drug and the inclusion complex in PL system. The in vitro drug release was sustained and the release rate was slowed by the addition of inclusion complex (under 38% of the BUD released after 2 days), suggesting a prolonged anti-inflammatory effect. Drug release of PL407 was best explained by Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas (n < 0.5), indicating the Fickian diffusion mechanism. In the binary system with inclusion complex, drug release follows Hixson-Crowell cube root law, specially in lower colon fluid, indicating the erosion of polymer matrix as a mechanism that influences the BUD release profile. Sol/gel phase transition, solubility, turbidity, FTIR and in vitro release tests revealed no competitive displacement of BUD from the hydrophobic HP-â-CD cavity evoked by PL407 or PL407-PL403 addition. These promising findings point out the BUD-HP-â-CD in 20 % or 18/2 PL-based hydrogels as strategies for future in vivo investigations and also the development of new pharmaceutical formulations looking forward the treatment of ulcerative colitis. / O presente trabalho propoe a otimizacao das propriedades fisico-quimicas do glicocorticosteroide budesonida (BUD) para o tratamento da colite ulcerativa (COL), por meio da complexacao com ciclodextrinas (CD), bem como a incorporacao do complexo de inclusao farmaco:CD em hidrogeis a base de Poloxamer (PL), contribuindo para uma maior duracao do efeito antiinflamatorio associado a permanencia no local de aplicacao. Desta forma, para o complexo de inclusao BUD:HP-¿À-CD, como tambem para os hidrogeis termorreversiveis de PL407 e de PL407/PL403, foram realizados diferentes ensaios de caracterizacao fisico-quimica, abrangendo desde uma analise estrutural e morfologica ate ensaios de liberacao in vitro. A complexacao entre BUD e HP-¿À-CD foi confirmada por meio dos ensaios de solubilidade de fase (estequiometria 1:1), Calorimetria Diferencial Exploratoria (DSC), Microscopia Eleronica de Varredura (MEV), Ressonancia Magnetica Nuclear (RMN) e Espectroscopia no Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), destacando a elevada afinidades entre a molecula do farmaco e a cavidade hidrofobica da HP- ¿À-CD (Kc = 8.662,8 M-1). A solubilidade da BUD em fluidos simulados do colon superior (FSCS) e inferior (FSCI) foi melhorada de forma dependente a ambos os carreadores (HP-¿À- CD e PL), sugerindo o efeito aditivo dos sistemas polimericos na solubilizacao do farmaco. Na presenca de BUD ou de BUD:HP-¿À-CD, a associacao PL407/PL403 favoreceu a formacao da estrutura gel proximo a temperatura fisiologica, otimizando a viscosidade da formulacao em relacao a forma comercial (enema). A analise termodinamica mostrou ocorrencia de um processo endotermico espontaneo, embora tenha sido observado um aumento nos valores de AH¿ para todas as formulacoes. Estudos de RMN-H1 revelaram a interacao entre PL407 e HP-¿À-CD, nao sendo o mesmo identificado para o PL403. Os resultados de FTIR comprovaram a efetiva incorporacao do farmaco e do complexo de inclusao nos sistemas PL, que sofreram uma desorganizacao na cadeia polimerica e a formacao de um novo arranjo como consequencia da interacao entre os aditivos e o PL. Ensaios de liberacao in vitro atestaram a efetividade dos sistemas polimericos associados ao complexo de inclusao BUD:HP-¿À-CD, diminuindo significativamente o fluxo e prolongando a liberacao, que alcancou menos de 38% de farmaco liberado apos 2 dias de experimentacao, nas formulacoes 18/2% PL407/PL403 e 20% PL407. O perfil cinetico dos sistemas isolados de PL407 foi melhor descrito por Higuchi e Korsmeyer-Peppas, com expoente de liberacao inferior a 0,5, indicando a difusao Fickiana como mecanismo predominante. A incorporacao do complexo de inclusao no sistema binario conferiu ao perfil de liberacao uma aderencia ao modelo de Hixson-Crowell, indicando a erosao da matriz polimerica como mecanismo que influencia a liberacao do farmaco. Esses resultados promissores atestam a efetividade dos sistemas hibridos propostos no presente trabalho, apontando o complexo de inclusao BUD:HP-¿À-CD em hidrogeis de 20% PL e 18/2% PL407/PL403 como estrategia para investigacoes futuras in vivo, visando otimizar o tratamento da COL.
18

Incorporação de cerâmicas de fosfato de cálcio dopadas com magnésio e/ou zinco em matriz de hidrogel-fármaco para o tratamento da osteomielite associada à reparação óssea

Kai, Karen Cristina January 2016 (has links)
Orientador(a): Prof(a). Dr(a). Juliana Marchi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, 2016. / A osteomielite e uma inflamacao ossea frequente em traumas diversos, causada por um organismo infectante. O tratamento convencional e o debridamento do osso infectado e dos tecidos moles adjacentes, associado a administracao de antibiotico via sistemica. Este estudo caracterizou o sistema injetavel a base de poloxamer 407 (PL407) . sozinho ou combinado com poloxamer 188 (PL188) . incorporado com o antibiotico teicoplanina e diferentes composicoes de ¿À-TCP (¿À-TCP) dopados com magnesio e/ou zinco, proposto como uma alternativa para o tratamento de osteomielite associada a reparacao ossea. As formulacoes foram caracterizadas por analise estrutural, determinacao da temperatura de transicao sol-gel, avaliacao do perfil de dissolucao das formulacoes e de liberacao da teicoplanina in vitro, e caracterizacao biologica in vitro. Os resultados mostraram que a adicao dos fosfatos tricalcicos e da teicoplanina nao alteraram a reversibilidade termica dos poloxamers, mas a teicoplanina diminuiu as temperaturas de transicao sol-gel. As formulacoes mantiveram uma das caracteristicas vantajosas dos poloxamer: a capacidade de serem injetados na forma liquida na temperatura ambiente e gelificacao proxima a temperatura corporea, ou seja, no local de tratamento. Todas as formulacoes apresentaram baixos valores de tamanho de particulas e reducao da polidispersao apos a adicao da teicoplanina, resultando em formulacoes mais homogeneas. Os fosfatos tricalcicos e a teicoplanina interferiram na agregacao micelar, alterando a entalpia de formacao de micelas e conferindo alta carga de superficie negativa, esta conferindo maior estabilidade ao coloide por repulsao eletrostatica. As formulacoes apresentaram total dissolucao apos 24 horas em contato com o meio de dissolucao e a liberacao da teicoplanina segue o modelo de Higuchi. As formulacoes nao sao citotoxicas e sao positivas para a migracao, proliferacao e diferenciacao celular osteogenica de celulas-tronco de polpa dentaria humana (hDPSCs). Todas as formulacoes apresentaram alta inibicao do crescimento de cepas Gram-positivas, principalmente Staphylococcus aureus, principal agente causador da osteomielite. Os resultados indicaram que as formulacoes a base de poloxamer 407 e 188 (20%:5%, peso/peso) sao promissoras para o carreamento de bioativos, podendo contribuir para um novo material adequado para o tratamento da osteomielite associada a regeneracao ossea. / Osteomyelitis is a inflammation of bone very often in several traumas, caused by an infecting organism. The conventional treatment is the infected bone and adjacente soft tissue debridement, associated with the systemic administration of antibiotic. This study characterized the injectable system based in poloxamer 407 (PL407) - alone or in combination with poloxamer 188 (PL188) - incorporated with the antibiotic teicoplanin and different compositions of â-TCP (â-TCP) doped with magnesium and/or zinc for osteomyelitis treatment associated with bone repair. The formulations were characterized by structural analysis, determination of the sol-gel transition temperature, evaluation of the in vitro dissolution and teicoplanina release profile, and in vitro biological characterization. The results showed that the tricalcium phosphate and teicoplanin did not change the thermal reversibility of poloxamers, but teicoplanin decreased sol-gel transition temperature. The formulations remained one of the advantageous features of poloxamer: the ability to be injected in liquid form at room temperature and near body temperature gelation, in other words, gelation at the treatment site. All formulations showed lower particle size values and decreased of polydispersity after addition of teicoplanin, resulting in more homogeneous formulations. Tricalcium phosphate and teicoplanin interfered in micellar aggregation by changing the micelle formation enthalpy and confering high load negative surface, this resulting in more colloid stability by electrostatic repulsion. The formulations showed complete dissolution after 24 hours in contact with the dissolution medium and teicoplanin release profile follows the Higuchi model. The formulations are non-cytotoxic and are positive for cell migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). All formulations showed high inhibition of the Gram-positive strains growth, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, the most common organism seen in osteomyelitis. The results indicated the poloxamer 407 and 188 based formulations (20%:5%, w/w) are promising to be a bioactive carrier and can contribute to a new material suitable for the osteomyelitis treatment associated with bone regeneration.
19

Formulation et caractérisation d'une forme buccale mucoadhésive thermogélifiante pour administration de sulfate de salbutamol / Formulation and characterization of a thermogelling mucoadhesive buccal form for salbutamol sulfate administration

Zeng, Ni 21 April 2015 (has links)
Le traitement de l’asthme concerne une large population et fait appel très majoritairement à une administration par voie pulmonaire. Cette voie présente certains inconvénients qui pourraient être palliés par le recours à la voie buccale comme envisagé dans cette étude, avec une amélioration attendue de la compliance et de la biodisponibilité. Aussi ce travail a eu pour objectif de développer et caractériser une formulation mucoadhésive thermogélifiante à base de salbutamol. Au regard des contraintes liées à la voie buccale et à la prise en charge du traitement de l’asthme aigu, les principales propriétés pharmacotechniques attendues pour optimiser la biodisponibilité de cette formulation ont été : (i) une gélification optimale autour de 30°C après pulvérisation pour faciliter notamment l’administration ; (ii) des propriétés mécaniques et mucoadhésives importantes pour assurer un maintien de la forme au site d’absorption ; (iii) une cinétique de libération compatible avec le traitement de la phase aigüe de la pathologie. Le choix des excipients a été défini afin d’avoir la plus grande innocuité de la formulation finale. Les travaux expérimentaux ont mis en évidence l’intérêt de certaines techniques innovantes pour la caractérisation de ce type de formulation comme notamment l’étude de libération à l’aide de l’appareil de dissolution à flux continu, la détermination de la cytotoxicité par microscopie holographique digitale et l’évaluation de la mucoadhésion in vitro et in vivo par imagerie. Les résultats ont aussi permis de proposer des modèles mathématiques pour l’interprétation des mécanismes de libération du salbutamol et quantifier l’importance des phénomènes de diffusion et d’érosion. Les conclusions de cette étude sont favorables à la poursuite du développement en vue d’une commercialisation. / The treatment of asthma concerns a large population and generally necessitates an administration by the pulmonary route. This route has some drawbacks which could be overcome by the buccal route, like considered in this study expecting an improvement of the compliance and the bioavailability. The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a thermogelling mucoadhesive formulation containing salbutamol sulfate. The main properties of the formulation were: (i) thermogelation around 30°C to facilitate the administration by spray; (ii) strong mechanical properties and high mucoadhesive strength to maintain the formulation in situ; (iii) drug release kinetics adapted to the treatment. The excipients were selected with regard to the final formulation safety. The experimental work emphasized the great interest of certain techniques in the characterization of this kind of formulation, for example the drug release study using flow through apparatus, the cytotoxicity study using digital holographic microscopy and also the mucoadhesion study by in vivo imaging. The use of mathematical models provided a relevant understanding of drug release mechanisms. The conclusion of this study is favorable to a further development of the project for a future marketing.
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Formulation et caractérisation d'une forme buccale mucoadhésive thermogélifiante pour administration de sulfate de salbutamol / Formulation and characterization of a thermogelling mucoadhesive buccal form for salbutamol sulfate administration

Zeng, Ni 21 April 2015 (has links)
Le traitement de l’asthme concerne une large population et fait appel très majoritairement à une administration par voie pulmonaire. Cette voie présente certains inconvénients qui pourraient être palliés par le recours à la voie buccale comme envisagé dans cette étude, avec une amélioration attendue de la compliance et de la biodisponibilité. Aussi ce travail a eu pour objectif de développer et caractériser une formulation mucoadhésive thermogélifiante à base de salbutamol. Au regard des contraintes liées à la voie buccale et à la prise en charge du traitement de l’asthme aigu, les principales propriétés pharmacotechniques attendues pour optimiser la biodisponibilité de cette formulation ont été : (i) une gélification optimale autour de 30°C après pulvérisation pour faciliter notamment l’administration ; (ii) des propriétés mécaniques et mucoadhésives importantes pour assurer un maintien de la forme au site d’absorption ; (iii) une cinétique de libération compatible avec le traitement de la phase aigüe de la pathologie. Le choix des excipients a été défini afin d’avoir la plus grande innocuité de la formulation finale. Les travaux expérimentaux ont mis en évidence l’intérêt de certaines techniques innovantes pour la caractérisation de ce type de formulation comme notamment l’étude de libération à l’aide de l’appareil de dissolution à flux continu, la détermination de la cytotoxicité par microscopie holographique digitale et l’évaluation de la mucoadhésion in vitro et in vivo par imagerie. Les résultats ont aussi permis de proposer des modèles mathématiques pour l’interprétation des mécanismes de libération du salbutamol et quantifier l’importance des phénomènes de diffusion et d’érosion. Les conclusions de cette étude sont favorables à la poursuite du développement en vue d’une commercialisation. / The treatment of asthma concerns a large population and generally necessitates an administration by the pulmonary route. This route has some drawbacks which could be overcome by the buccal route, like considered in this study expecting an improvement of the compliance and the bioavailability. The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a thermogelling mucoadhesive formulation containing salbutamol sulfate. The main properties of the formulation were: (i) thermogelation around 30°C to facilitate the administration by spray; (ii) strong mechanical properties and high mucoadhesive strength to maintain the formulation in situ; (iii) drug release kinetics adapted to the treatment. The excipients were selected with regard to the final formulation safety. The experimental work emphasized the great interest of certain techniques in the characterization of this kind of formulation, for example the drug release study using flow through apparatus, the cytotoxicity study using digital holographic microscopy and also the mucoadhesion study by in vivo imaging. The use of mathematical models provided a relevant understanding of drug release mechanisms. The conclusion of this study is favorable to a further development of the project for a future marketing.

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