Abstract This thesis is focus on exploring the effect that domestic manufacturing vendors investing in Mainland China vs. Taiwan domestic employment issue. That the trend of the Taiwan unemployment rate gradually increasing these years is whether not related to the domestic vendors investing in Mainland China is the main topic of what we are discovering from the research. We have been observing the yearly tendency toward investing in other countries and change of the domestic labor demand and supply. According to the labor demand theory and other factors of labor demand affected we simultaneously consider one real model is built. Afterwards, we have divided manufacturing into 15 industries that categorizes labor intensity and capital intensity depended on industry characteristic. Based on the 1991-2202 pooling data calculated by OLS, we proceed to get the real evidential analysis of the domestic labor demand effect by investing in China. The result found: labor intensity of manufacturing who invest in China have outstandingly negative effect on the Taiwan domestic labor demand that means the employment opportunity in Taiwan is dramatically decreasing. The higher the investment percentage is, the lower the domestic labor demand is. Capital intensity of manufacturing, however, have positive effect that is not that outstanding at this moment. Therefore, the reason of unemployment rate yearly increasing in general is the manufacturers¡¦ enthusiastic investing behavior to Mainland China that only happened in labor intensity of manufacturing. Beside the factor of labor manufacture, the domestic economy downside is decreasing labor demand that is one of the reasons for unemployment rate increasing.

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In this study, a model suitable for the plasto-hydrodynamic lubrication of cold rolling with the oil-in-water emulsions has been developed. The coupled modified Reynolds and von Karman equations are solved by the Newton-Raphson method. In the numerical simulation, the main factors of influencing the numerical convergence are the initial guess for the inlet film thickness and the inlet speed of strip. The inlet film thickness can be estimated by the Wilson and Walowit formula [5]. The effects of oil volume fraction, surface speed of roller, reduction ratio, forward tension, backward tension, pressure viscosity coefficient, and surface tension group on the lubricating properties of cold rolling are investigated. Results show that the film thickness increases with increasing surface speed of roller, but its effects on the film pressure, the roll force and the roll torque are not conspicuous. In addition, the film thickness increases as the pressure viscosity coefficient increases. In the condition of the very low pressure viscosity coefficient, hydrodynamic lubrication of cold rolling works by enhancing the forward tension. Ahead of the roll bite, the metal surface has a higher affinity to the oil phase so that water is excluded and the oil pooling is formed because of the difference in the viscosity of the two components of the emulsion. Hence, in the condition of the lower initial oil volume fraction, the thicker film thickness is formed by the higher oil volume fraction in the work zone due to the oil pooling. The oil pooling is mainly influenced by the surface tension group. The surface speed of roller and the reduction ratio could enhance the oil volume fraction ahead of the roll bite.

Zugl.: Münster (Westfalen), Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Zugl.: Saarbrücken, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

No description available.

Submitted by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-04-12T17:37:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Edilberto Tiago de Almeida.pdf: 1242121 bytes, checksum: 23245d1f144398ca96d534adc15929f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T17:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Edilberto Tiago de Almeida.pdf: 1242121 bytes, checksum: 23245d1f144398ca96d534adc15929f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / FACEPE / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo obter evidências sobre a importância do labor pooling para explicar a aglomeração industrial no Brasil. Com este propósito, a investigação empírica foi dividida em duas etapas. A primeira tem como objetivo quantificar a aglomeração da indústria da transformação nas microrregiões que compõem o país no período 2002-2014, através do índice de Ellison e Glaeser (1997). Na segunda etapa, utiliza-se como base o modelo teórico proposto por Krugman (1991) (Labor Market Pooling Model) com adaptações de Overman e Puga (2010), e a investigação empírica segue a estratégia destes últimos que analisa como as firmas reagem a choques no mercado de trabalho que influenciam a sua produtividade. A ideia é, conforme o modelo teórico, se as firmas se beneficiam da concentração de mão de obra especializada, choques exógenos mais heterogêneos permitem que estas ajustem melhor sua produção e emprego sem incorrer em mudanças significativas nos salários. Com o objetivo de testar esta hipótese, modelos de regressão são estimados regredindo o índice de Ellison e Glaeser (1997) em função de uma variável proxy para o labor pooling, que tenta captar choques exógenos no mercado de trabalho, controlando tanto para características setoriais observadas que variam no tempo quanto pelo efeito fixo setorial. Os resultados são consistentes com uma redução no nível de concentração industrial no período de 2002 a 2014. Quando consideradas trajetórias de setores específicos, foi possível observar que os mais intensivos em tecnologia, em média, são mais concentrados que os menos intensivos em tecnologia, evidências que estão de acordo com outros estudos na literatura. No que concerne ao labor pooling, foi possível obter evidências que corroboram a hipótese teórica do modelo de que este fator local se relaciona positivamente com a aglomeração espacial da indústria, indicando que os setores industriais podem se beneficiar da concentração de trabalhadores. Através destes resultados, as evidências apontam que as firmas tendem a se concentrar espacialmente próximas de onde estão localizados os mercados de trabalho que concentram trabalhadores com as características exigidas em seus respectivos processos produtivos. Intuitivamente tanto as firmas podem considerar a localização da força de trabalho como fator importante em sua localização, quanto os trabalhadores podem se concentrar espacialmente em função da localização das firmas. Nesse aspecto, este estudo se concentrou no primeiro caso e fornece resultados consistentes em relação ao problema da causalidade reversa e demais fontes de endogeneidade. Adicionalmente, as evidências aqui apresentadas podem auxiliar na formulação de políticas norteadoras do direcionamento da atividade produtiva no espaço. / This research aims to obtain evidence about the importance of labor pooling to explain industrial agglomeration in Brazil. For this purpose, the empirical investigation was divided into two stages. The first one aims at quantifying the agglomeration of the transformation industry in the micro-regions that make up the country in the period 2002-2014, through the index of Ellison and Glaeser (1997). In the second step, the theoretical model proposed by Krugman (1991) (Labor Market Pooling Model) with adaptations of Overman and Puga (2010) is used as base, and the empirical investigation follows the latter’s strategy that analyses how firms react to shocks in the labor market that influence their productivity. The idea is, according to the theoretical model, if firms benefit from the concentration of specialized labor, more heterogeneous exogenous shocks allow them to adjust their production and employment better without incurring significant changes in wages. In order to test this hypothesis, the models are estimated by regressing the index of Ellison and Glaeser (1997) as a function of a proxy variable for labor pooling, which attempts to capture exogenous shocks in the labor market , controlling for both observed sectoral characteristics that vary in time as well as the sectoral fixed effect. The results are consistent with a reduction in the level of industrial concentration in the period from 2002 to 2014. When considering specific sector trajectories, it was possible to observe that the most technology intensive ones, on average, are more concentrated than the less technology intensive ones, evidences which are in agreement with other studies in the literature. With regard to labor pooling, it was possible to obtain evidence to support the theoretical hypothesis of the model that this local factor is positively related to the spatial agglomeration of the industry, indicating that the industrial sectors can benefit from the concentration of workers. Through these results, the evidence indicates that firms tend to concentring spatially close to where labor markets are located that concentrate workers with the characteristics required in their respective production processes. Intuitively the firms can consider the location of the workforce as an important factor in their location, as workers can spatially concentrate in function on the location of firms. In this aspect, this study focused on the first case and provides consistent results regarding the problem of reverse causality and other sources of endogeneity. In addition, the evidence presented here may help formulate policies that guide the direction of productive activity in space.

The purpose of this research is to examine whether accounting methods for business combinations (purchase and pooling-of-interests accounting) have a different effect on firms' market value of equity in the combination year and thereafter. In particular, after the accounting method is no longer disclosed in the financial statements, does it have an impact on market value of equity of the combined firms because the accounting figures are different? A five-year period subsequent to a particular business combination is used because public companies are not required to disclose the details of the combination for more than three years after the effective date of the combination. This research, thus, tests whether market participants still take into consideration the accounting method of past business combinations when this information is no longer disclosed in the financial statements. In addition to the testing of the impact of the accounting methods, the value-relevance of goodwill amortization is investigated. The sample consisted of 100 U.S. business combination transactions during the period 1985–1995 (77 pooling firms and 23 purchase firms). The results do not indicate that market participants price pooling firms and purchase firms differently at the time of business combinations. The results, in addition, do not confirm that when the details of a particular business combinations do not appear in the financial statements, pooling firms' accounting figures have a more positive effect on security prices than those of purchase firms. It seems that market participant are able, even in the long term, to account for the accounting difference between purchase and pooling-of-interests. Also, goodwill amortization does not appear to be value relevant. / Ph. D.

Inventory management policies of two independent dealers in a service parts system with transshipment is studied in this thesis. Dealers can collaborate by pooling inventory or service. Revenue is shared in transshipment, can sometimes be contrary to profit maximization of one of the parties albeit sum of profits is increased. To assess the benefits of inventory pooling under equilibrium strategies, and the effect of competition on profits, a Markov Decision Process is formulated. A simpler variant of the optimal four-index threshold policy is used to characterize the production, service and transshipment related inventory decisions. A game theoretical approach as well as notions from policy iteration is taken to find the best response policy and equilibrium policies of the dealers. Numerical study is conducted to investigate the effect of cost, revenue and demand parameters, as well as dealer asymmetricities on benefit of pooling, service levels and transshipment flows. Analysis shows that commission schemes fairly allocating transshipment value to the players, high customer traffic intensities, and low transshipment costs are most suited environments for pooling. System centralization is beneficial when the inventory holding costs are high, transshipment costs are low, customer traffic intensities are high or the commission structure is distracting a party. Competition, within the experimental settings, dampens about 45% of the benefits of pooling.