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Contrasting partnerships within the low income and traditional marketsBurdock, Andrew January 2014 (has links)
This research compares partners required to be competitive in the low income market to the partner network of the more traditional upper income market in South Africa. The research examines the non-traditional partnerships engaged by firms which include local communities, government and NGO’s. It further looks at the broader alliances formed by firms competing in the low income market compared to the traditional market and lastly investigates institutional voids and their effect in the respective markets.
The research is exploratory in nature and considers the perceptions of managers in eight companies through the use of semi-structured interviews. 14 managers were interviewed across the 6 industries selected. Insights were gained through the use of a semi structured interview guide.
The research indicates that non-traditional partnerships do take place in both the low income and traditional markets but for different reasons, with the low income market focusing on these partnerships to access the consumer. It was further apparent from the interviews that those competing in the low income market tend to partner more with other firms operating in the market but in different industries, whilst the traditional market managers tend to partner more with smaller business set up to fulfil the needs of the larger firm. The research further indicates that institutional voids may present an area to develop first mover advantage by locking down successful partnerships before competitors do. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / zkgibs2015 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted
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Urban poverty reduction through municipal solid waste management (MSWM) : a case study of Maseru and Maputsoe in Lesotho.Mvuma, Godfrey Ganizani Kwantha. January 2002 (has links)
The study was designed to generate data and information necessary for designing an
appropriate sustainable solid waste management system, and examining the socio-economic
benefits of urban municipal so lid waste management through job creation opportunities (albeit
mainly informal) in Lesotho.
The review of literature on the integrated solid waste management systems at international,
regional and local levels in relation to job creation was carried out with a view to establish the
necessity of carrying out this research. In addition, specific solid waste management
experiences and practices in other countries have been cited.
In Lesotho, investors and donors have, for long expressed the need for formulation of solid
waste management policy and guidelines formulated in the country in order to create an
enabling environment for investment. However, the process of preparing policy and
guidelines requires substantial data and information. This study supplemented this effort by
gathering data and information. The data and information gathered were on the existing
policies and regulatory framework concerning waste management; waste generation rates,
types and quantity from domestic, industrial and commercial establishments; recycling
activities; and the waste harvesting (scavenging) activities. The study was undertaken in
Maseru and Maputsoe, being the hub of commercial and industrial activities in the country.
The data and information may also be useful to other SADC countries
From the results of the study, it has been concluded that in Lesotho, paper was the most
commonly generated waste in all the categories: domestic, industrial and commercial
establishments. Plastic was the second category of the most commonly generated waste,
which was followed by organic waste, and then, beverage cans. The study established that the
weighted average household generation rate for the surveyed areas was: 0.13 Kg per capita
day-I. In the same findings, it occurred that overall, households contribution to waste
generation in the surveyed areas ranked second to commercial establishments despite their
low per capita, in comparison with industrial establishments. The study has further concluded
that out of an estimated total quantity of 157552 tonnes per annum of waste generated in
Maseru, commercial establishments contributed 82%, while households contribute 15% and
industrial establishments 3%. Households generated more waste than industries because they were in large numbers and hence contributed more than fewer industries. It has also been
established that the household waste generation is dependent on incomes ofthese households,
but had poor relationship with regard to the number of persons per household. To this effect,
it was seen that high-income households generated more waste than low-income. The study
further showed that where the municipal council offered waste collection service, not all
recipients paid for this service. However, there was a general willingness- to- pay for the
waste collection service by all sectors, on condition that there was an improvement in the
offering of this service; and if made available where currently not offered. Furthermore, there
was a general indication of affordability for these services up to a certain amount (albeit
minimal) per different sectors. On the other hand, the information collected strongly indicated
the need to invest more in solid waste management if this would be a means of employment
creation and improvement of the environment.
On the overall, the study revealed that there was a low level of awareness on waste related
policy and regulatory instruments, and fragmented legal framework on waste management in
Lesotho. The study also established that currently, solid waste as an informal sector generated
an estimated profit of MO.7rnillion per annum from waste recycling related activities and that
this informal sector generated about 282 jobs. In addition to these benefits, the question of
solid waste as a source of biomass energy was another beneficial route in Lesotho. It has been
established that the combustible organic waste was highly sought after as a source of energy
for cooking and heating. However, besides the benefits, these activities also gave rise to some
adverse impacts. The waste harvesters expressed that their health had been negatively
impacted upon by the waste scavenging activities. Needless to suggest that there would be a
need by the government to intervene in this problem by formalising these waste harvesting
activities.
It is hoped that this study would serve as a reservoiur for the source of data and information
and for Lesotho and that other countries in the SADC Region shall fmd this document a
useful tool. / Theses (Ph.D.)-University of Westville, 2002.
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Basic needs, development and International Monetary Fund- supported adjustment programs a theoretical and empirical analysis /Abiaka, Innocent N. January 1991 (has links)
Thesis (D.P.A.)--Arizona State University, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [184]-194).
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Social responsibility practices by SMEs at the bottom of the pyramidKhoza, Donald January 2014 (has links)
Purpose – The purpose of this research to provide insights into the underresearched
area of social responsibility practises by SMEs at the bottom of the
pyramid (BOP).
Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from the literature, the research
expands and builds on the previous work of Spence and Gilligan in explaining
the daily activities of owner-managers with respect to CSR at the BOP. Also the
link between ethic of care and CSR practises by SMEs at the BOP is
established.Findings – The ethic of care and the owner-manager’s values are the main
drivers of CSR at the BOP. Due to scarce resources, most of the CSR initiatives
are linked to the core of the business. CSR is not used as a strategic
competitive advantage business model. Also the CSR initiatives do not come
from external pressure such as stakeholders, but are internal at a human level.
The CSR practices are not linked to the bottom line; self-satisfaction is the
ultimate price.
Originality/value – Given the limited literature on the social responsibility
practices of by SMEs at the BOP, this research makes a contribution to
increasing the understanding of CSR initiatives by SMEs at the BOP, as well as
to the BoP literature in general.Practical implications – The paper concludes by outlining the implications for
managers, policy-makers, and stakeholders, and advancing the agenda of
social responsibility for future research in the fields of both the BOP and SMEs. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / pagibs2015 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted
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Credit accessibility and rural development in the former Ciskei: an overview of KeiskammahoekKimemia, Peter Njau January 2001 (has links)
This study focuses on the issue of credit accessibility for the rural poor. Taking cognisance of the critical role played by innovative micro-lending mechanisms in the sphere of rural development, the study reaffirms the need to enhance access to financial services by rural communities. However, it also reveals the fact that there are numerous impediments to access to credit for the people living in parts of the Keiskammahoek District of the former Ciskei. Key among the impediments has been lack of awareness about the existence and the activities of micro-lending institutions. This has, in a large measure been blamed for many of the rural poor people's failure to approach such institutions for funding. As a result, the affected people's efforts to fully actualize themselves economically have to a certain extent been hampered. Consequently, as its core argument, this study views as crucial the need to tackle all the attendant impediments. It also suggests that as the first step, the government, NGOs as well as formal and informal lending institutions should endeavour to disseminate the requisite information on micro-financing and in enhancing the affected people's institutional capacity to effectively use credit obtained for commercially productive ventures. Without sorting out the basics first, credit extension even when easily availed may not have the desired impact. At worst, it may actually complicate the poverty situation as the people grapple with piling debts.
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Using Sport as a Tool for DevelopmentCrawford, Jack Edward 01 October 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Debt relief for economics or debt relief for the people? : a critical analysis of the heavily indebted poor countries initiativeAbendanon, Lucille 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIPC Initiative offers qualifying heavily indebted poor countries the opportunity
to renege on their debt obligations in return for an emphatic commitment to poverty
reduction and reform. This dissertation assesses the effectiveness of the HIPC
Initiative in light of the fact that one third of the world's population continues to live
on an average of US$1 per day. In evaluating the HIPC Initiative one simple question
is posed: taking into consideration the abject poverty experienced by over a billion
people in the developing world, and the urgency with which it must be addressed, is
the HIPC Initiative extensive enough, deep enough or broad enough to effectively
challenge worldwide poverty?
Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the dissertation investigates this
question by examining the divergent points of view offered by the World Bank and
IMF on the one hand, and NGOs on the other as they comment on the most hotly
debated issues surrounding the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative. The analysis leads
us to an evaluation of the following issues: establishing debt sustainability to qualify
for HIPC relief; the issue of conditionality and the use of poverty reduction strategy
papers; funding the HIPC Initiative; the likelihood of HIPCs escaping the debt trap
after HIPC relief; and finally, how the HIPC Initiative is contributing to attaining the
Millennium Development Goals is evaluated.
After probing the stances of the World Bank and IMF, and the contrasting views of
NGOs the conclusions indicate that the HIPC Initiative is neither extensive, deep nor
broad enough to effectively challenge poverty, or to provide indebted poor countries
with a lasting escape from the burden of unsustainable debt. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Inisiatief bied aan arm lande met 'n
groot skuldlas, wat kwalifiseer vir hulp, die geleentheid om hul skuldverpligtings af te
las in ruil vir 'n definitiewe verbintenis tot armoede-vermindering en -hervorming.
Hierdie verhandeling evalueer die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief teen die
agtergrond van die feit dat een derde van die wêreld se bevolking op 'n gemiddelde
van een Amerikaanse Dollar per dag oorleef. Hierdie evaluering van die HIPC
Inisiatief stel 'n eenvoudige vraag: Is die HIPC Inisiatief voldoende en uitgebreid
genoeg om die uitdaging van wêreldwye armoede aan te spreek indien 'n mens die
uiterste armoede van meer as 'n biljoen mense in ontwikkelende gebiede in ag neem,
sowel as die dringendheid waarmee dit aangespreek moet word?
Deur van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik te maak,
ondersoek die verhandeling hierdie vraag deur uiteenlopende gesigspunte van die
Wêreldbank en die Internasionale Monitêre Fonds (IMF) aan die een kant, en Nie-
Regerings Orginisasies (NRO's) s'n aan die ander kant, te ondersoek aan die hand van
hul kommentaar op die belangrikste kwessies oor die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC
Inisiatief. Hierdie ontleding lei tot 'n evaluering van die volgende kwessies: bepaling
van lande se potensiaal om met terugbetalings vol te hou ten einde vir hulp deur die
HIPC te kwalifiseer; die kwessie van voorwaardelikheid en die gebruik van armoedeverligtingstrategieë;
befondsing van die HIPC Inisiatief; die moontlikheid dat die
HIPC's die skuldstrikke na toepassing van HIPC-bystand sal ontsnap; en laastens, hoe
die HIPC Inisiatief se bydrae tot die bereiking van die Millenium
Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte geëvalueer word.
Die standpunte van die Wêreld Bank en die IMF sowel as die teengestelde sienings
van die NRO's word ondersoek. Die gevolgtrekking toon dat dat die HIPC Insiatief
nie uitgebreid, diep of breed genoeg is om armoede doeltreffend hok te slaan nie, of
om skuldlastige arm lande te help om finaal van hul skuldlas te ontsnap nie.
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