In this thesis we study the existence and stability of positive equilibrium of a general model for the dynamics of several interacting, age-structured population. We begin with the formulation and proof of a global existence theorem for the initial value problem. The proof of this theorem is used to develop an algorithm and a FORTRAN code for the numerical solution of initial value problems for the single species case. This computer program is used to study prototype models for the dynamics of a population whose fertility and mortality rates exhibit an "Allee effect". This is done from a bifurcation theoretic point of view, using the inherent net reproductive rate as a bifurcating parameter. An unstable "left" bifurcation is found. Multi-equilibria and various kinds of oscillations are studied as a function of r, the fertility window, and the nature of the density dependence.

We address the problem of the consistency between discrete and continuous models for density-dependent size-structured populations. Some earlier works have discussed the consistency of density independent age and size-structured models. Although the issue of consistency between these models has raised interest in recent years, it has not been discussed in depth, perhaps because of the non-linear nature of the equations involved. We construct a numerical scheme of the continuous model and show that the transition matrix of this scheme has the form of the standard discrete model. The construction is based on the theory of Upwind Numerical Schemes for non-Linear Hyperbolic Conservation Laws with one important difference, that we do have a non-linear source at the boundary; interestingly, this case has not been explored in depth from the purely mathematical point of view. We prove the consistency, non-linear stability and hence convergence of the numerical scheme which guarantee that both models yield results that are completely consistent with each other. Several examples are worked out: a simple linear age-structured problem, a density-independent size-structured problem and a non-linear size-structured problem. These examples confirm the convergence just proven theoretically. An ample revision of relevant biological and computational literature is also presented and used to establish realistic restrictions on the objects under consideration and to prepare significant examples to illustrate our points.

xi, 98 leaves ; 28 cm Notes Typescript Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1983 Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 92-98 Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives

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Guo Bao Zhu. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstract --- p.1 / Introduction --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Semigroup for Age-Dependent Population Equations with Time Delay / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2 --- Problem Statement and Linear Theory --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- Spectral Properties of the Infinitesimal Generator --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4 --- A Nonlinear Semigroup of the Logistic Age-Dependent Model with Delay --- p.26 / References --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Global Behaviour of Logistic Model of Age-Dependent Population Growth / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Global Behaviour of the Solutions --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Oscillatory Properties --- p.47 / References --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Semigroups for Age-Size Dependent Population Equations with Spatial Diffusion / Chapter 3. 1 --- Introduction --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2 --- Properties of the Infinitesimal Generator --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Properties of the Semigroup --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4 --- Dynamics with Age-Size Structures --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5 --- Logistic Model with Diffusion --- p.66 / References --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Semi-Discrete Population Equations with Time Delay / Chapter 4. 1 --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2 --- Linear Semi-Discrete Model with Time Delay --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3 --- Nonlinear Semi-Discrete Model with Time Delay --- p.88 / References --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- A Finite Difference Scheme for the Equations of Population Dynamics / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- The Discrete System --- p.102 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Main Results --- p.107 / Chapter 5.4 --- A Finite Difference Scheme for Logistic Population Model --- p.113 / Chapter 5.5 --- Numerical Simulation --- p.116 / References --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Optimal Birth Control Policies I / Chapter 6. 1 --- Introduction --- p.120 / Chapter 6.2 --- Fixed Horizon and Free Point Problem --- p.120 / Chapter 6.3 --- Time Optimal Control Problem --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4 --- Infinite Horizon Problem --- p.130 / Chapter 6.5 --- Results of the Nonlinear System with Logistic Term --- p.143 / Reference --- p.148 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Optimal Birth Control Policies II / Chapter 7. 1 --- Free Final Time Problems --- p.149 / Chapter 7.2 --- Systems with Phase Constraints --- p.160 / Chapter 7.3 --- Mini-Max Problems --- p.166 / References --- p.168 / Chapter Chapter 8. --- Perato Optimal Birth Control Policies / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.169 / Chapter 8.2 --- The Duboviskii-Mi1yutin Theorem --- p.171 / Chapter 8.3 --- Week Pareto Minimum Principle --- p.172 / Chapter 8.4 --- Problem with Nonsmooth Criteria --- p.175 / References --- p.181 / Chapter Chapter 9. --- Overtaking Optimal Control Problems with Infinite Horizon / Chapter 9. 1 --- Introduction --- p.182 / Chapter 9.2 --- Problem Statement --- p.183 / Chapter 9.3 --- The Turnpike Property --- p.190 / Chapter 9.4 --- Existence of Overtaking Optimal Solutions --- p.196 / References --- p.198 / Chapter Chapter 10. --- Viable Control in Logistic Populatiuon Model / Chapter 10. 1 --- Introduction --- p.199 / Chapter 10. 2 --- Viable Control --- p.200 / Chapter 10.3 --- Minimum Time Problem --- p.205 / References --- p.208 / Author's Publications During the Candidature --- p.209

Bibliography: p. 269-279. / viii, 279 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, 1995

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2017. / With an increase in opportunistically-collected data, statistical methods that can accommodate unstructured designs are increasingly useful. Spatial capturerecapture (SCR) has such potential, but its applicability for species that are strongly gregarious is uncertain. It assumes that average animal locations are spatially random and independent, which is violated for gregarious species. I used a data set for African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and data simulation to assess bias and precision of SCR population density estimates given violations in location independence. I found that estimates were negatively biased and likely too precise if non-independence was ignored. Encounter heterogeneity models produced more realistic precision but density estimates were positively biased. Lowest bias was achieved by estimating density of groups, group size, and then multiplying to estimate overall population density. Such findings have important implications for the reliability of population density estimates where data are collected by unstructured means. / LG2017

Bibliography: leaves 217-238. / ix, 238 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, 1995?

Bibliography: leaves 132-153. / viii, 153 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Spatially explicit models and computer intensive analysis were employed to explore how processes acting at the individual level scale up to population dynamics when processes are variable in space as well as the consequences of sampling spatially complex variability for drawing conclusions from limited ecological data. Dispersal and variation in marsupial mortality and development in relation to habitat selection and quality were studied, while evaluating spatially explicit models. The study of dynamics models of tick populations on sleepy lizards considered the effect of spatial and temporal variability, and demonstrated that counting ticks is a poor indicator of tick abundance. The "virtual ecologist" model is a useful method for linking the output of spatially explicit population models to reality, and will be a valuable approach for improving the design of ecological field research on spatially complex landscapes. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Environmental Science and Management, 1999?