Social media services are used by around 60% of the world's population and the use is growing. Studies have shown that social media have both positive and negative effects on users and as social media is used by such a large part of the population and is used within many aspects of society it can have a very high impact on society in general. That is why it is important to try to reduce the negative aspects of social media that individuals experience so that those negative aspects do not transfer from the service to society in general.  The aim of this study is to investigate both positive and negative aspects individuals experience when using Facebook and then take a deeper look at what is creating the negative experiences. The goal is to be able to find possible ways to change the aspects that create negative experiences to something less negative or positive instead.  To achieve the purpose and goal of this study a survey was sent out and follow up interviews were held with individuals to clarify what the positive and negative aspects were. In the interviews this study took a more detailed look at what is creating the negative experiences and how certain social media aspects might be changed to create less negative or more positive experiences.  The result concludes that the individuals that were interviewed indeed believe there are ways to change the aspects in social media that currently create negative experiences to something that creates more positive experiences. Some of those are using AI, giving users more control or transparency into the service they use and new ways to create trust between the users and the platform they are using. These results can be used by developers to create better platforms and services with less negative experiences for users.

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No / Objectives: The sociocultural model of stress and coping, which despite receiving support from several studies conducted with diverse ethnic groups, has yet to be tested longitudinally or used within the context of positive caregiver outcomes. The aim of the current study was to test a specific component of the model, which posits that caregiver coping will be influenced by the cultural value of familism (feelings of solidarity and loyalty among family members), which will in turn affect caregiver outcomes. Method: A questionnaire was completed by 123 family caregivers in the UK assessing familism, use of coping strategies, caregiver gains, anxiety and depression at three time points over nine months. Results: Mediation analysis followed guidelines proposed by Baron and Kenny. Religious coping and positive reframing at time 2 (T2) were found to significantly mediate between familism values at time 1 (T1) and caregiver gains at time 3 (T3). Behavioural disengagement at T2 was found to mediate between familism at T1 and caregiver depression atT3. Additionally familism was found to be positively associated with both negative and positive aspects of caregiving. Conclusion: Our longitudinal findings suggest that interventions and services acknowledging caregiver values and the associated coping responses may prove beneficial.

To stay competitive in today’s business environments companies have to adapt to the fast-changing business conditions. Hereby change management plays an important role; companies and consultants often apply certain change models to plan and implement change projects. The two change models by John Kotter, published in 1996 and 2014 are one of the most famous and most often applied ones. Within this thesis, the authors developed a modified change management model where they developed Kotter’s ideas further and enlarged them with new perspectives that were not included before. Resistance to change is considered in the new approach from a positive perspective, which means that it is seen as an opportunity instead of being an obstacle. Besides that, the modified change model includes several leadership aspects that were neglected in Kotter’s change models. New leadership aspects are reflection, a concrete leadership style, sensemaking, as well as the different leadership characters between female and male leader. Out of these new insights, the authors developed a modified change model, which allows to plan and manage the change project better than before.

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Yes / The aim of this study was to identify the potential impact of positive and negative dimensions of caregiving on caregiver well-being and satisfaction with life (SwL). This study used time-point one data from the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (also known as IDEAL)cohort study that involved 1,283 informal caregivers of people in the mild-to-moderate stages of dementia recruited from 29 sites within Great Britain. Multivariate linear regression modeling was used to investigate the associations between positive dimensions of caregiving (measured by caregiving competence and perceptions of positive aspects of caregiving), negative dimensions of caregiving (measured by caregiving stress and role captivity), and caregiver well-being and SwL. Lower well-being was associated with low caregiving competence (–13.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]:–16.67, –10.87), perceiving fewer positive aspects of caregiving (–7.67; 95% CI:–10.26, –5.07), high caregiving stress (–24.45; 95% CI:–26.94, –21.96), and high role captivity (–15.61; 95% CI:–18.33, –12.89). Lower SwL was associated with low caregiving competence (–4.61; 95% CI:–5.57, –3.66), perceiving fewer positive aspects of caregiving (–3.09; 95% CI:–3.94, –2.25), high caregiving stress (–7.88; 95% CI:–8.71, –7.06), and high role captivity (–6.41; 95% CI:–7.27, –5.54). When these four measures were combined within the same model, only positive aspects of caregiving and caregiving stress retained independent associations with well-being and SwL. Both positive and negative dimensions of caregiving were associated with caregiver well-being and SwL. Psychological therapies and interventions need to consider not only the negative aspects of caregiving but also positive caregiving experiences and their implications for caregiver well-being and SwL. / The IDEAL data will be deposited with the UK Data Archive upon completion of the study. Details on how the data can be accessed will be made available on the project website www.idealproject.org.uk. / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, February 2019.

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While there is wealth of quantitative research exploring interventions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), these studies insufficiently address how the Quality of Life (QOL) of children with ASD is impacted by interventions. Studies that explore social participation tend to address easily measurable aspects of socialization, but do not adequately address the quality of interactions. The challenges of raising a child with ASD are numerous. Alongside difficulties, parents report positive aspects of raising a child with ASD, which are underexplored in the literature. This study sought to better understand these issues by using a grounded theory method. Five parents of children with ASD were interviewed. Four major themes emerged. The theme of "Flow of life," described the interconnected experience of parents together with their children as they planned for the near and distant future and considered the QOL of their children. The second theme, "Circumstances," included challenges and positive experiences of families. "Helping the flow, joys" was the third theme, capturing situations that helped parents navigate around challenges. Finally, "Social participation" captured the experiences of everyday social activities and provided a sense of supports for families. The themes were integrated, using the framework of the Kawa model, which represents life experiences through the illustration of a river. The model was modified and additional components were added to accurately represent the experiences of families that emerged from this research and may be a useful tool for parents to explore the most meaningful and relevant interventions for their children with ASD. / Occupational Therapy

Yes / Objectives: Qualitative research has suggested that spousal experiences of discontinuity in their relationship with a person who has dementia (i.e. the relationship is experienced as radically changed) may contribute to heightened feelings of burden, entrapment, isolation, guilt and intolerance of behaviours that challenge. By contrast, continuity in the relationship may contribute to a greater sense of achievement and gratification from providing care. The present study served as a quantitative test of these suggestions. Method: A convenience sample of 71 spouses of people with dementia completed three questionnaires - the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the Positive Aspects of Caregiving measure (PAC) and the Birmingham Relationship Continuity Measure (BRCM). Results: In accordance with the hypotheses, the experience of greater relationship continuity (higher BRCM scores) was correlated with fewer negative emotional reactions to caregiving (lower ZBI scores; rho = −.795) and more positive emotional reactions (higher PAC scores; rho = .764). Conclusions: The study provided some quantitative support for suggestions arising from qualitative research about how perceptions of continuity/discontinuity in the relationship may impact on the caregiving spouse's emotional well-being. Helping couples to maintain a sense of continuity and couplehood may assist their emotional adjustment to dementia.

Yes / We explored (1) social, cultural, and economic capital in spousal carers of people with dementia; (2) profiles of carers with different levels of capital; (3) whether the identified profiles differ in levels of stress and positive experiences of caring, and likelihood of depression over time. Baseline (2014-2016), 12-month, and 24-month follow-up data were analyzed for 984 coresident spousal carers of people with dementia. We assessed social, cultural, and economic capital, stress, positive experiences of caring, depression. On average, carers reported infrequent social and cultural participation. Most carers were not socially isolated, trusted their neighbours, had education at least to age 16, and had an income aligned with the 2014 UK average. We identified four groups of carers with different levels of capital. Although on average stress was low, depression was infrequent, and positive experiences of caring were moderately frequent, the group of carers with lowest capital was the least stressed and reported the most positive experiences of caring over time. Compared to the two groups with better capital, those with poorer capital were more likely to be depressed over time. Social, cultural, and economic resources may decrease likelihood of depression, but not stress, in carers of people with dementia.