In order to get maximum profit, investors start to high attention on risk management after financial crisis in 2008. Therefore, risk management and predict become more and more complex. This paper mainly focuses on two risks, including non-systematic risk and credit risk. After financial crisis, countries pay more attention on credit risk, and now because of Europe debt crisis, investors and governments are also concerned with the messages about credit rating which are published by Credit Rating Agency. Besides credit risk, the firm¡¦s specific risk (i.e. non-systematic risk) is also more important than before. Recent empirical studies find that the stock is not on affected by systematic risk, but also affected by non-systematic risk. According to Kuo and Lu (2005), this thesis uses two models: Moody¡¦s KMV credit model and Markov regime switching model to estimate credit risk and non-systematic risk. The period is from January 2002 to November 2010. Testing samples are data from constituent stocks of the Taiwan 50. The purpose of this paper is researching the relationship between credit risk and non-systematic risk. The empirical results show that there is the positive relationship between non-systematic risk and credit risk. And among different industries, non-systematic risk or credit risk also shows the significant differences. For plastic industry and communications network industry, there is lower credit risk. However, for electronics industry and financial industry, there is higher credit risk. The study also found that even in the same industry, each company will face different risk level.

Recent studies looking to link physical exercise with beneficial couple outcomes have had mixed results, showing benefits for females but not males in some instances, and even negative effects for males in one instance. However, these studies used self-report data for exercise which may suffer from reporting errors. This study analyzed how daily exercise, measured by participants wearing accelerometers, impacts marital satisfaction, positive behaviors, and negative behaviors in a clinical population. The data was analyzed using multilevel models to determine how time spent exercising impacted individuals and their partners in terms of relationship outcomes. Results indicated small but significant relationships between female exercise and decreases in both marital satisfaction and positive behaviors for females, as well as increases in marital satisfaction for males. Increases in male exercise were also associated with decreases in marital satisfaction and positive behaviors for females. Further research is recommended to elucidate the findings that exercise is beneficial for some partners, but not others. Clinicians are advised to continue working with couples to improve marital satisfaction through emotional regulation techniques and widening the window of tolerance.

Modebranschen är Sveriges största kreativa näring, den är även Sveriges snabbast växande exportindustri. Trots det, så är modebranschen tillika en av de mest känsliga och utsatta branscherna, som till stor grad påverkas av yttre faktorer. Konsumtionen har under de senaste åren gått neråt och valet rörande hur de svenska modeföretagen väljer att finansiera sig kan minst sagt komma att bli ett betydelsefullt beslut i denna lättpåverkade bransch. Denna studie undersöker om det finns en skillnad i hur kapitalstrukturen hos de svenska börsnoterade modeföretagen ser ut. Samt om denna struktur är beroende av om företagsledningen äger en stor andel aktier i företaget. Studien analyserar vidare om det finns ett samband mellan ägarstyrda företagsledningar och skuldsättningsgraden i företaget. Studien baseras på en kvantitativ studie av de svenska, börsnoterade modeföretagen; Hennes & Mauritz, KappAhl, MQ Holding, Venue Retail Group, RNB Retail and Brands och Odd Molly International. Undersökningen utgår från modeföretagens årsredovisningar, för att på så vis tillhandahålla information gällande företagens finansieringskällor, samt för att kunna utläsa hur många personer av de i företagsledningen som innehar aktier i företaget. Resultatet visar att en majoritet av de svenska börsnoterade modeföretagen har en kapitalstruktur som till större del består av eget kapital, och till mindre del av skulder. En majoritet har vidare en företagsledning där mer än hälften även äger aktier i företaget. / The fashion industry is Sweden's largest creative industry and Sweden's fastest export industry. Nevertheless, the fashion industry is one of the most vulnerable and exposed industries, that are also affected by external factors. The consumption has fallen in recent years, and the choice of how fashion companies are to finance themselves can be a significant decision in this easily affected industry. This study investigates whether there is a difference in the capital structure of listed fashion companies, depending on whether the management holds a large share of equities in the company or not. Furthermore, the study analyses whether there is a correlation between the company's debt-to-equity ratio and the management's ownership. The study is based on a quantitative study, analyzing the Swedish listed companies; Hennes & Mauritz, KappAhl, MQ Holding, Venue Retail Group, RNB Retail and Brands and Odd Molly International, in order to read the link between management and debt-to-equity ratios. The survey is based on the fashion companies' annual reports, to provide information about the sources of funding. As well as to identify how many of the people in the company's board and management that hold shares in the company. The result shows that a majority of the Swedish listed companies holds a capital structure that largely consists of equity, and a small portion of liabilities. A majority also has a management team where more than half of them also own shares in the company.

Foreign-born providers make up over a quarter of the physician workforce nationally. Patients in south central Pennsylvania are primarily white with limited interaction with foreigners which can produce barriers to communication and trust. This study proposes practical steps for building positive relationships between patients and their foreign-born providers. Ethnographic methods were used to interview and survey patients and providers about the relationships between foreign-born providers and patients, primarily in the Summit Health system. The results of the study provide a framework of how trust is built between patients and providers in general, suggest additional actions for foreign-born providers, and propose ways patients can do their part to achieve a positive relationship with their provider. While much of the literature on cultural competence is in the context of patients who are from minority ethnicities, this study adds to the body of research by also considering the providers as part of minority groups.

The focus of this study was to explore the experiences of secondary school educators concerning the educator-learner relationship. The study hopes to add value in developing sustainable support to enhance the quality of life and well-being of South African educators. The study highlights specific aspects of the educators’ perspective (Koomen et al., 2011; Philip, 2008; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2011; Easter et al., 2008), such as cultural perspective, attachment perspective, career satisfaction perspective and academic perspective. According to Philippson (2009) it is important to understand educators’ holistic experiences concerning the educator-learner relationship. The following research question arose: What are the experiences of secondary school educators in the Gauteng area, South Africa, of the educator-learner relationship? This research was conducted within a Positive Psychology framework and a qualitative method was used. Data were collected via personal interviews and focus group discussions as research techniques. Purposeful sampling was used and six secondary school educators from various secondary schools in the Gauteng Province of South Africa were participants of this study. The objective of this study was to understand and interpret holistic experiences of secondary school educators in the educator-learner relationship that contribute to the educators’ phenomenology. Data were gathered through individual interviews during which each participant was motivated through visual mapping to express his/her hierarchy of ideas contributing to the phenomenon. The collected data were audio-recorded and a narrative analysis was conducted in which trustworthiness was obtained through member checking to ensure that the recorded and observed data were correctly transcribed and evaluated accordingly. Findings of this study are presented by means of the following themes: Different aspects of the supportive educator-learner relationship; awareness of differences in the educator-learner relationship; important perspectives of “a calling” in respect of the educators’ experiences; role of emotions in an educator-learner relationship; challenges for the educator in the educator-learner relationship; role of discipline and values in an educator-learner relationship; phenomenology of the educators’ experiences. Results indicate that educators’ positive experiences of the educator-learner relationship can be viewed as an investment in the well-being and positive functioning of both the educator as well as the learners. A recommendation for future research is to develop a support system for secondary school educators to encourage them in a psycho-social, emotional and spiritual way towards sustainable well-being. / MA (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The focus of this study was to explore the experiences of secondary school educators concerning the educator-learner relationship. The study hopes to add value in developing sustainable support to enhance the quality of life and well-being of South African educators. The study highlights specific aspects of the educators’ perspective (Koomen et al., 2011; Philip, 2008; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2011; Easter et al., 2008), such as cultural perspective, attachment perspective, career satisfaction perspective and academic perspective. According to Philippson (2009) it is important to understand educators’ holistic experiences concerning the educator-learner relationship. The following research question arose: What are the experiences of secondary school educators in the Gauteng area, South Africa, of the educator-learner relationship? This research was conducted within a Positive Psychology framework and a qualitative method was used. Data were collected via personal interviews and focus group discussions as research techniques. Purposeful sampling was used and six secondary school educators from various secondary schools in the Gauteng Province of South Africa were participants of this study. The objective of this study was to understand and interpret holistic experiences of secondary school educators in the educator-learner relationship that contribute to the educators’ phenomenology. Data were gathered through individual interviews during which each participant was motivated through visual mapping to express his/her hierarchy of ideas contributing to the phenomenon. The collected data were audio-recorded and a narrative analysis was conducted in which trustworthiness was obtained through member checking to ensure that the recorded and observed data were correctly transcribed and evaluated accordingly. Findings of this study are presented by means of the following themes: Different aspects of the supportive educator-learner relationship; awareness of differences in the educator-learner relationship; important perspectives of “a calling” in respect of the educators’ experiences; role of emotions in an educator-learner relationship; challenges for the educator in the educator-learner relationship; role of discipline and values in an educator-learner relationship; phenomenology of the educators’ experiences. Results indicate that educators’ positive experiences of the educator-learner relationship can be viewed as an investment in the well-being and positive functioning of both the educator as well as the learners. A recommendation for future research is to develop a support system for secondary school educators to encourage them in a psycho-social, emotional and spiritual way towards sustainable well-being. / MA (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014