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Att koldioxidutsläppen neutraliseras är avgörande för att begränsa klimatförändringarna. Bioenergi i kombination med separation och lagring av koldioxid (BECCS) är en Teknik som kan generera negativa utsläpp. Det största hindret för dess storskaliga genomförande är de höga energikraven för processen. Detta projekt syftar till att kvantifiera energistraffen för lean solvent flash och modifikationer för multitrycksstrippning för att förbättra prestandan av koldioxidavskiljning (CC) i en kraftvärmeverksanläggning för förbränning av biomassa.  En jämviktsmodell utvecklades och validerades för att simulera en fullskalig CC genom kemisk absorption i Aspen Plus med kaliumkarbonat som lösningsmedel. Båda layoutändringarna resulterar i energipåföljder på 18-21 % för en kraftvärmeverk, medan energistraffet för baslinjeprocessen är 5 %. För ett kraftverk går straffen från 32 till 62 %. Detta visar hur en förbättring av processen kan minska kostnaderna för CCS, särskilt om värme anses vara en värdefull produkt. CCS i kraftvärmeverk har en mycket lägre energipåverkan än i kraftverk där värme inte återvinns. / Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a technology that can generate negative emissions. Hence it is recognized as a solution for becoming carbon neutral, which is essential for climate change mitigation. The main obstacle for its large scale implementation is the high energy requirements of the process. This thesis aims at quantifying the energy penalties for lean solvent flash and multi-pressure stripper layout modifications to improve the performance of carbon capture (CC) by means of absorption with a liquid solvent in a biomass-fired CHP plant. The work focuses on K2CO3 based solvents operated in a mixed temperature swing/pressure swing cycle witch is deemed advantageous for heat recovery.  An equilibrium model was developed and validated to simulate a full-scale CC by chemical absorption in Aspen Plus using potassium carbonate as solvent. Both layout modifications result in energy penalties of 18-21 % for a CHP plant, while the energy penalty for the baseline process is 28 %. For a power plant, the penalties go from 32 % to 62 % for the lean solvent flash and the multi-pressure stripper respectively. This shows how improving the process can reduce the costs of CCS, especially if heat is considered a valuable product. CCS in CHP plants has a much lower energy impact than in power plants where heat is not recovered.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is estimated to reduce 14% of the global CO2 emissions in the 2 °C scenario presented by the International Energy Agency. Moreover, post combustion capture is identified as a potential method for CO2 capture from industry since it can be easily retrofitted without disturbing the core industrial process. Among the post-combustion capture methods, absorption using mono-ethanol amine (MEA) is the most mature technology that has been demonstrated at plant scale. However, using chilled ammonia process as a post combustion capture technology in a cement industry can reduce 47% energy penalty for CO2 capture when compared to the conventional MEA absorption method.  Hence, the current project aims at analyzing the chilled ammonia process when integrated with steel and ammonia plants. Key performance indicator like specific primary energy consumption per kilogram of CO2 avoided (SPECCA) is estimated and compared with MEA absorption method. Firstly, chilled ammonia process (CAP) for cement plant was used as reference case. Then, CAP for steel and ammonia processes was optimized by the means of the decision variables affecting the capture and energy efficiency. The energy consumption per kg CO2 captured and SPECCA was lower for the higher CO2 concentration in the flue gas. Results for SPECCA were 3,56, 3,52 and 3,61 MJ/kg CO2 for cement, steel, and ammonia plants, respectively.