Zugl.: Giessen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-121).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-183).

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Southern Denmark, 2007.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. Alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk in women. It is unclear whether the effects of alcohol on mammary tumorigenesis are modified by body weight or exogenous estrogen. To determine if the effects of alcohol on mammary tumors are modified by body weight, mice of different body weights (lean, overweight, obese) consuming water or alcohol were injected subcutaneously with mammary cancer cells. To determine if the effects of alcohol on mammary tumors are modified by estrogen, pellets delivering estrogen were implanted into female mice, followed by subcutaneous mammary cancer cell injections. Results show that alcohol-consuming mice were more insulin sensitive and developed larger tumors sooner than water-consuming mice (p<0.05). Our data show obese mice developed larger tumors than lean mice. Exogenous estrogen triggered the loss of body fat, induced insulin sensitivity, and suppressed tumor growth. Obese mice had higher levels of insulin, IGF-1, leptin, and VEGF. The only mammary tumor growth factors increased by alcohol consumption were leptin and VEGF (p<0.05). In addition, activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was induced by alcohol and obesity in mammary tumors. Furthermore, alcohol increased the invasiveness of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, but also decreased a metastasis suppressor gene Nm23. Collectively, my dissertation suggests that alcohol consumption, obesity, and estrogen treatment regulate mammary tumorigenesis through hormones associated with adipose tissues and the PI3K/Akt signaling. / text

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2005.

Este estudo caso-controle teve como objetivo principal investigar se existe associação entre a doença periodontal (DP) e a osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa. A amostra consistiu em 142 mulheres na pós-menopausa: 74 no grupo caso (com DP) e 68 no grupo controle (sem DP). O exame clínico periodontal completo foi realizado, utilizando os seguintes parâmetros clínicos: profundidade clínica de sondagem (PCS), distância da junção esmalte-cemento (JEC) até a margem gengival (MG), nível clínico de inserção (NCI), sangramento à sondagem (SS), índice de placa e índice de cálculo supragengival. A densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foi mensurada através das medidas de absorciometria por raios X com dupla energia e o diagnóstico de osteoporose feito de acordo com o critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). As variáveis preditoras foram consideradas em um ajuste de regressão logística. Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos para osteoporose (p = 0,473). Identificou-se associação com DP para presença de cálculo supragengival em 20% até 50% dos sítios (Odds ratio [OR] = 2,40; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,07-5,39) ou acima de 50% dos sítios (OR=2,99; IC 95%: 1,19-7,56) e menor escolaridade (OR=2,53; IC 95%: 1,17-5,43). Os resultados sugerem que não existe associação entre DP e osteoporose. A presença de cálculo supragengival e menor escolaridade foram indicadores de risco para a DP neste grupo de mulheres na pós-menopausa. / This case-control study investigated the association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The sample consisted of 142 postmenopausal women: 74 in the case group (with periodontal disease) and 68 in the control group (no periodontal disease). The complete periodontal clinical examination was performed using measurements of probing depth, distance of enamel-cement junction to gingival margin, clinical attachment loss, bleeding index, plaque index and supragingival calculus index. Bone mineral density was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and osteoporosis diagnosis was performed using World Health Organization criteria. The predictor variables were considered in an adjustment of Logistic Regression. No difference between groups regarding osteoporosis (p = 0.473) was observed. The logistic regression analysis identified association of periodontal disease with supragingival calculus in 20% to 50% of sites (OR = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-5.39) or over 50% of sites (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.19-7.56) and low education (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.17-5.43). The results suggest that there is no association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis. Presence of supragingival calculus and low educational level were risk indicators for periodontal disease in this group of postmenopausal women.

Este estudo caso-controle teve como objetivo principal investigar se existe associação entre a doença periodontal (DP) e a osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa. A amostra consistiu em 142 mulheres na pós-menopausa: 74 no grupo caso (com DP) e 68 no grupo controle (sem DP). O exame clínico periodontal completo foi realizado, utilizando os seguintes parâmetros clínicos: profundidade clínica de sondagem (PCS), distância da junção esmalte-cemento (JEC) até a margem gengival (MG), nível clínico de inserção (NCI), sangramento à sondagem (SS), índice de placa e índice de cálculo supragengival. A densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foi mensurada através das medidas de absorciometria por raios X com dupla energia e o diagnóstico de osteoporose feito de acordo com o critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). As variáveis preditoras foram consideradas em um ajuste de regressão logística. Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos para osteoporose (p = 0,473). Identificou-se associação com DP para presença de cálculo supragengival em 20% até 50% dos sítios (Odds ratio [OR] = 2,40; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,07-5,39) ou acima de 50% dos sítios (OR=2,99; IC 95%: 1,19-7,56) e menor escolaridade (OR=2,53; IC 95%: 1,17-5,43). Os resultados sugerem que não existe associação entre DP e osteoporose. A presença de cálculo supragengival e menor escolaridade foram indicadores de risco para a DP neste grupo de mulheres na pós-menopausa. / This case-control study investigated the association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The sample consisted of 142 postmenopausal women: 74 in the case group (with periodontal disease) and 68 in the control group (no periodontal disease). The complete periodontal clinical examination was performed using measurements of probing depth, distance of enamel-cement junction to gingival margin, clinical attachment loss, bleeding index, plaque index and supragingival calculus index. Bone mineral density was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and osteoporosis diagnosis was performed using World Health Organization criteria. The predictor variables were considered in an adjustment of Logistic Regression. No difference between groups regarding osteoporosis (p = 0.473) was observed. The logistic regression analysis identified association of periodontal disease with supragingival calculus in 20% to 50% of sites (OR = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-5.39) or over 50% of sites (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.19-7.56) and low education (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.17-5.43). The results suggest that there is no association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis. Presence of supragingival calculus and low educational level were risk indicators for periodontal disease in this group of postmenopausal women.

Background: Serum estradiol levels decline after menopause and the effect on mental health-related quality of life (MHR-QOL) is unclear. Objective: To determine if there is an association between endogenous serum estradiol levels and MHR-QOL in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: This cross-sectional study used baseline Canadian data from the Mammary Prevention.3 trial. Serum estradiol was measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Outcomes for MHR-QOL were the Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5), Mental Component Summary (MCS), and the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL)-psychosocial domain. Results: There were no statistically significant associations between estradiol levels and MHR-QOL in univariate analyses (n=455). Multivariable linear regression predicted statistically significant differences in MCS (R2=0.10, P=0.03) and MENQOL-psychosocial domain (R2=0.10, P=0.04), however estradiol was not a significant predictor. Conclusions: This study did not find a statistically significant association between endogenous serum estradiol levels and MHR-QOL in healthy postmenopausal women.