by Wan Yu Kwan. / Thesis submitted in: December 1999. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-125). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.2 / Abstract --- p.3 / Table of Contents --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1 --- Contribution of lifting techniques on risk assessment and training on manual materials handling --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Hypotheses --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of Study --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Literature Review --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Societal concerns on employee compensation --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Etiology of low back injury --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Compression forces on vertebral joints --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Shear forces on vertebral joints --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Lifting techniques --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Effect of lifting techniques on curvature of the spine --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Importance of leg muscles in manual lifting --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Prediction of low back injury in manual lifting --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Compression forces and moments --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Balance control --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Application of Surface electromyography in ergonomics --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Method --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Subject recruitment --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Equipment --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Force platform --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Motion analysis system --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Surface electromyography --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- Maximum voluntary contraction test --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- MVC of vastus medialis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- MVC of medial gastrocnemius --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- MVC of erector spinae --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- Lifting techniques --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5 --- Experimental procedures --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Results and Dicussion --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1 --- No. of cases in the study --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- Phases of lifting --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- Process time --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4 --- Trunk inclination angles --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5 --- Hip joint angles --- p.67 / Chapter 4.6 --- Knee joint angles --- p.73 / Chapter 4.7 --- Center of mass of box --- p.79 / Chapter 4.8 --- Muscle activities --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 5 - --- Conclusion --- p.109 / Chapter Chapter 6 - --- References --- p.112

Lau Tsz Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-66). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Lau Tsz Chung. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.x / Introduction --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Statement of Problem --- p.3 / Research Question --- p.4 / Significance of the Study --- p.4 / Theoretical Contribution --- p.4 / Practical Contribution --- p.5 / Review of Literature --- p.7 / Load carrying on Level Ground --- p.7 / Research Method Involved --- p.8 / Modified Gait Pattern During Load Carriage --- p.9 / Trunk Posture --- p.10 / Low Back Pain --- p.11 / Posture and Back Pain --- p.12 / Load Carrying Studies in Children --- p.14 / Stair Walking --- p.15 / Compared with Level Walking --- p.15 / Temporal Characteristics --- p.17 / Kinematics Measurement --- p.18 / Stair Dimensions --- p.19 / Stair Walking with Load Carriage --- p.21 / Physiological Studies --- p.21 / Biomechanical Studies --- p.21 / Methodology --- p.24 / Design --- p.24 / Subject --- p.24 / Instrumentation --- p.25 / Motion Analysis System --- p.25 / School Bag --- p.25 / Experimental Set-up --- p.25 / Procedure --- p.26 / Term Definition --- p.27 / Data Analysis --- p.27 / Results --- p.29 / Ascending Stair --- p.29 / Posture --- p.29 / Effect on Load Weight --- p.29 / Effect on Load Carrying Method --- p.30 / Velocity --- p.30 / Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.30 / Descending Stair --- p.31 / Posture --- p.31 / Effect on Load Weight --- p.31 / Effect on Load Carrying Method --- p.31 / Velocity --- p.32 / Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.32 / Trend --- p.32 / Summary --- p.33 / Discussion --- p.35 / Ascending Stair --- p.35 / Posture --- p.35 / Different Load Weights --- p.35 / Different Carrying Methods --- p.39 / Velocity --- p.40 / Descending Stair --- p.42 / Posture --- p.42 / Velocity --- p.46 / Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.47 / Trend --- p.48 / Back Pain --- p.49 / Recommended Carrying Load Method and Weight for Children --- p.50 / Limitations of the Study --- p.52 / Further Study --- p.53 / Conclusion --- p.56 / References --- p.57 / Appendix --- p.67 / Appendix A - The experimental Set-up --- p.67 / Appendix B - Subject Consent Form --- p.68 / Appendix C - Figures and Tables --- p.71