Spelling suggestions: "subject:"notable water"" "subject:"notable later""
11 |
Effects of load shifting on water quality in a large potable water network / Francois Gysbert Jansen van RensburgJansen van Rensburg, Francois Gysbert January 2015 (has links)
Mathematical analyses indicated that significant possibilities exist for load shifting projects
on a Large Potable Water Utility (LPWU) in South Africa. A primary concern remained,
i.e. whether the load variation would have an effect on the water quality. Extensive
simulation and testing were initiated in order to prove that the load shift will not affect the
water quality.
In South Africa, the highest standard for drinking water is the Blue Drop award. The
LPWU has received this award multiple times and strives to maintain it. An investigation
was launched to determine if this load shifting project would have an effect on the quality
standards to which the utility holds (SANS 241 (2011)).
The LPWU has over 3000 km of pipelines to supply potable water to the industrial
heartland of the country as well as millions of domestic users. The LPWU network is the
longest pumping network in the world and is still expanding.
The investigation included a simulation of a pumping simulation package to determine
how the system would react to the changes. In this simulation, the load reduction in terms
of Mega litre per day (Ml/day) was established. Results were compared to the normal
operating parameters of the Water Treatment Works (WTW).
The mathematical analysis in this investigation concluded that an evening peak load shift
of 24.5 MW is achievable. This dissertation will emphasise the necessity of a detailed
investigation. The investigations and simulation will determine that the volume of water is
well within the operating parameters of the WTW. Studies were done on each area of the
plant. In-depth conversations with WTW personnel revealed that the reduction of the
volume of water in question will not have an effect on the water quality.
Further, it was established that it would be possible to use the sumps of the water
treatment works to achieve the desired load shift. By using the sumps of the WTW, a load
shift can be done without stopping any process in the WTW with the exception of
disinfection at the Booster Pump Stations (BPS), where the balancing reservoirs were
used as buffer capacity.
The investigation shifted to establish whether stagnant water and a change in dosage
would have an effect on the water quality in regard to the reduction and recovery load. As
expected, the water never became stagnant at any moment due to the fact that only a
small portion of the load was reduced.
The water quality and dosage report of the water utility was used and compared to normal
operations. The planned load shift had no effect on any aspects of the water quality. The
project is feasible and will reach the set targets without affecting the water quality. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
|
12 |
Learning From DisastersWhite, David Keith January 2013 (has links)
Two projects are documented within this MEM Report:
I. The first project examined what was learnt involving the critical infrastructure in the aftermath of natural disasters in the Canterbury region of New Zealand – the most prominent being the series of earthquakes between 2010 and 2011. The project identified several learning gaps, leading to recommendations for further investigations that could add significant value for the lifeline infrastructure community.
II. Following the Lifeline Lesson Learnt Project, the Disaster Mitigation Guideline series was initiated with two booklets, one on Emergency Potable Water and a second on Emergency Sanitation.
The key message from both projects is that we can and must learn from disasters. The projects described are part of the emergency management, and critical infrastructure learning cycles – presenting knowledge captured by others in a digestible format, enabling the lessons to be reapplied.
Without these kinds of projects, there will be fewer opportunities to learn from other’s successes and failures when it comes to preparing for natural disasters.
|
13 |
Diversification des ressources du réseau d’eau non potable parisien : contribution à une gestion durable des ressources en eau / Diversification of the resources of the Parisian water network : contribution to sustainable management of water resourcesTrinh, Bich-Thuy 28 September 2017 (has links)
A l’échelle d’une agglomération, réfléchir à une gestion durable de l’eau amène à s’interroger sur les liens entre les usages et les ressources : quelle qualité de l’eau est nécessaire pour quels usages ? Le contexte parisien est un terrain propice pour mener ce type de réflexion, grâce à l’existence d’un RENP, datant de la fin du XIXe siècle. Alimenté par les eaux sommairement traitées de la Seine (20%) et du canal de l’Ourcq (80%), ce réseau sert principalement aux usages municipaux : nettoyage des trottoirs, curage des égouts, arrosage des espaces verts et alimentation des lacs artificiels. Un modèle alternatif de gestion de l’eau à l’échelle parisienne devient aujourd’hui possible grâce à la décision de la Ville de Paris en mars 2012 de maintenir et de réhabiliter son RENP. Cette décision a été confirmée par l’approbation par le Conseil de Paris en septembre 2015 du schéma directeur des usages et du réseau d’eau non potable de Paris, pour la période 2015-2020. L’entreprise publique Eau de Paris, responsable du service de l’eau à Paris, a pour mission de mettre en œuvre les décisions et les orientations de ce schéma directeur. Dans une logique de moindre pression sur la ressource naturelle, une évolution possible de la gestion du RENP est la diversification de ses ressources. Les ressources potentielles considérées sont les eaux d’exhaure, les eaux usées traitées, les eaux de pluie et les eaux de piscine. La recherche vise à étudier la question suivante : Comment et à quelle conditions l’alimentation du RENP peut être gérée de manière durable sur le territoire parisien ? Pour ce faire, on réalise d’abord un état des lieux de la situation actuelle, puis on identifie les ressources potentielles et les enjeux associés. Puis deux approches sont menées. La première approche consiste à définir plusieurs choix de répartition des ressources du RENP, appelés scenarii. Les scénarii sont évalués et comparés grâce à la construction d’indicateurs de performance. La deuxième approche consiste à caractériser les positions des acteurs par rapport à la diversification des ressources du RENP. La caractérisation des positions est réalisée grâce à la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs. Les résultats des deux approches sont enfin discutés. Les résultats de la recherche permettront de reposer la question du lien entre usages et qualité des eaux requise. Elle permettra de mettre en lumière les freins et les leviers pour la valorisation des ressources alternatives à l’eau potable. Enfin, elle alimentera les réflexions sur le statut même de l’eau potable dans un contexte de gestion durable de la ressource / At the scale of a city, a sustainable water management raises questions about the links between uses and resources: what water quality is needed for what purpose? The Parisian context is a favourable ground for conducting such type of reflection thanks to the existence of a non-potable water network (RENP) dating from the late nineteenth century. The network is currently supplied by summarily filtrated water from the Seine river (20%) and the canal de l’Ourcql (80%). It is mainly used for municipal purposes: Parisian streets and sewers cleaning, water supply of artificial lakes and green areas watering. An alternative model of water management at Parisian scale is today possible thanks to the decision of the City of Paris in March 2012 to maintain and rehabilitate its RENP. This decision has been confirmed by the approval by the Council of Paris in September 2015 of the master plan of the RENP and its uses (“Schéma directeur des usages et du réseau d’eau non potable de Paris”) for the period of 2015-2020. The public company Eau de Paris, responsible for the water service in Paris, is mandated to implement the decisions and orientations of the master plan. In the context of pressure reduction on natural resources, one potential evolution of the RENP management is its resources diversification. The considered potential resources are mine water, treated wastewater, rain water and swimming pool water. The research raises the following question: How and under what conditions can the RENP supply be sustainably managed on the Parisian territory? In order to answer this question, one first carries out a description of the current situation, then one identifies the potential resources and the associated risen questions. Two approaches are proposed afterwards. The first approach involves the definition of several choices of RENP resource repartition, called scenarii. These scenarii are assessed and compared through performance indicators. The second approach consists of the characterization of the actors’ positions regarding the RENP resource diversification. The characterization of the positions is achieved through conducting semi-structured interviews. Results of both approaches are finally discussed.The results of the research will enable to re-examine the question of the relationship between the water uses and the required water quality. It will highlight the brakes and levers for the valorization of alternative resources to drinking water. It will enrich the reflections on the status of drinking water in the context of sustainable water management
|
14 |
Requisitos e critérios de desempenho para sistema de água não potável de edifícios residenciais. / Requirements and performance criteria for non-potable water system of residential buildings.Peixoto, Luciana de Melo 15 December 2008 (has links)
A utilização de fonte alternativa de água em edifícios residenciais vem sendo praticada de forma mais constante nos últimos anos, com objetivo de reduzir a demanda de água potável. No entanto, a utilização de água não potável exige critérios que devem ser respeitados, para preservar a saúde dos usuários, tendo em vista a possibilidade de contaminação da água potável fornecida pela concessionária. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar requisitos e critérios de desempenho que devem ser aplicados nas fases de projeto, execução e manutenção do sistema predial de água não potável. Para apoiar os projetistas, executores e gestores na tomada de decisão das diferentes etapas do processo foi também desenvolvida e aplicada uma ferramenta para análise de modo e efeito de falha (FMEA) dos requisitos desenvolvidos para o sistema de água não potável. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação da ferramenta em edifício comprovaram a sua aplicabilidade e eficiência no sistema predial de água não potável. / The use of alternative source of water in residential buildings has been practiced in more constant in recent years aiming to reduce the demand for potable water (drinking water). However, the use of non-potable water requires criteria that must be respected to preserve the health of users, with a view to possible contamination of potable water supplied by the concessionaire. Therefore, this paper aims to present requirements and performance criteria, which must be implemented in phases of design, implementation and maintenance of the non-potable water system in building. To assist the designers, performers and managers in decision-making of the different stages of the process was also developed and implemented analyze with the tool failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) for the requirements developed for the non-potable water system in building. The results achieved by the tool showed its applicability and efficiency in non-potable water system in building.
|
15 |
A NOVEL SOLAR THERMAL MEMBRANE DISTILLATION SYSTEM FOR DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION IN UNDEVELOPED AREASUnknown Date (has links)
In this research, a heat localizing solar thermal membrane distillation system has been developed for producing potable water from untreated surface water, wastewater, and seawater, using solely solar thermal energy. Unlike most other membrane technologies, this system requires no electrical power or equipment for its operation. The high production rate was achieved through the effective evaporation of water molecules within the pores of the membrane without dissipating much heat to the bulk feed water. It can remove suspending particles, microorganisms, inorganic salts, as well as organic contaminants from the feed water. The system can produce potable water for 32, 18, and 10 days on average under simulated sunlight when distilling seawater, canal water, and municipal wastewater, respectively, without cleaning the membrane. Low cost, high energy efficiency (i.e., 55%), and good water quality make the new system feasible for undeveloped areas where basic water treatment is lacking. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
|
16 |
Examining the Social Acceptability of Cisterns in Rainwater Harvesting for Residenital Use in the Region of Waterloo, OntarioFortier, Julia, Maureen 30 April 2010 (has links)
As water infrastructure in urban Ontario strains to meet the demands of a growing population, alternatives to the conventional water supply approach that complement demand management strategies are important to enable more sustainable water use at the household level. The adoption of rainwater harvesting (RWH), for indoor and outdoor uses by single-family households can reduce a households withdrawals on municipal water by 30% if rainwater is used for toilet flushing, laundry and outdoor uses (Despins 2009). The amount of potable water savings because of RWH is influenced by the rate of adoption and the allowed uses of rainwater at the individual household scale. The adoption of RWH systems would lead to reductions in potable water demand, which, in turn would lead to reduced demands on municipal water sources (e.g., groundwater or surface water), and storm water infrastructure resulting in overall reduced ecosystem stress and increased resiliency for climate change adaptation. Greater onsite storm water retention would mimic natural processes and would help reduce excess overland runoff that can result in water contamination.
Presently, RWH systems tend to be more accepted and utilized in rural areas. However, there is a history of cistern use in rural and non-rural Waterloo. This history and capacity seems to be largely forgotten or unknown by urban citizens and local government officials. Century houses’ cisterns are often removed or filled in due to: a perceived lack of need, safety concerns and disrepair because of disuse. The increasing popularity of “green” building features and certifications have added some RWH systems for indoor and outdoor use to the urban environment, however, these remain limited instances. Moving RWH forward requires commitment from the Provincial and municipal government. Municipalities’ actions must support the sustainability objectives often referenced in their legislation and policy. This study establishes the drivers of RWH and examines the barriers to practice in the urban environment by examining existing examples and academic literature RWH systems within Canada and internationally. Results from a survey conducted in the City of Waterloo are used to reflect the systems user’s perspective. Interviews with municipal officials and RWH experts further highlight the drivers and barriers to RWH in urban Ontario. Based on the surveys, participants were generally willing to consider adopting RWH systems and a greater use of rainwater in the house, although a lack of information acts as significant barrier. However, Waterloo municipal officials who participated in the interviews described a much less enthusiastic attitude towards RWH. Although barriers identified in this research, including: legislative barriers, risk tolerance, perceptions of water abundance and economic realities shape the willingness to adopt RWH, this study indicates the barriers are surmountable through education and economic signaling.
|
17 |
Examining the Social Acceptability of Cisterns in Rainwater Harvesting for Residenital Use in the Region of Waterloo, OntarioFortier, Julia, Maureen 30 April 2010 (has links)
As water infrastructure in urban Ontario strains to meet the demands of a growing population, alternatives to the conventional water supply approach that complement demand management strategies are important to enable more sustainable water use at the household level. The adoption of rainwater harvesting (RWH), for indoor and outdoor uses by single-family households can reduce a households withdrawals on municipal water by 30% if rainwater is used for toilet flushing, laundry and outdoor uses (Despins 2009). The amount of potable water savings because of RWH is influenced by the rate of adoption and the allowed uses of rainwater at the individual household scale. The adoption of RWH systems would lead to reductions in potable water demand, which, in turn would lead to reduced demands on municipal water sources (e.g., groundwater or surface water), and storm water infrastructure resulting in overall reduced ecosystem stress and increased resiliency for climate change adaptation. Greater onsite storm water retention would mimic natural processes and would help reduce excess overland runoff that can result in water contamination.
Presently, RWH systems tend to be more accepted and utilized in rural areas. However, there is a history of cistern use in rural and non-rural Waterloo. This history and capacity seems to be largely forgotten or unknown by urban citizens and local government officials. Century houses’ cisterns are often removed or filled in due to: a perceived lack of need, safety concerns and disrepair because of disuse. The increasing popularity of “green” building features and certifications have added some RWH systems for indoor and outdoor use to the urban environment, however, these remain limited instances. Moving RWH forward requires commitment from the Provincial and municipal government. Municipalities’ actions must support the sustainability objectives often referenced in their legislation and policy. This study establishes the drivers of RWH and examines the barriers to practice in the urban environment by examining existing examples and academic literature RWH systems within Canada and internationally. Results from a survey conducted in the City of Waterloo are used to reflect the systems user’s perspective. Interviews with municipal officials and RWH experts further highlight the drivers and barriers to RWH in urban Ontario. Based on the surveys, participants were generally willing to consider adopting RWH systems and a greater use of rainwater in the house, although a lack of information acts as significant barrier. However, Waterloo municipal officials who participated in the interviews described a much less enthusiastic attitude towards RWH. Although barriers identified in this research, including: legislative barriers, risk tolerance, perceptions of water abundance and economic realities shape the willingness to adopt RWH, this study indicates the barriers are surmountable through education and economic signaling.
|
18 |
Requisitos e critérios de desempenho para sistema de água não potável de edifícios residenciais. / Requirements and performance criteria for non-potable water system of residential buildings.Luciana de Melo Peixoto 15 December 2008 (has links)
A utilização de fonte alternativa de água em edifícios residenciais vem sendo praticada de forma mais constante nos últimos anos, com objetivo de reduzir a demanda de água potável. No entanto, a utilização de água não potável exige critérios que devem ser respeitados, para preservar a saúde dos usuários, tendo em vista a possibilidade de contaminação da água potável fornecida pela concessionária. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar requisitos e critérios de desempenho que devem ser aplicados nas fases de projeto, execução e manutenção do sistema predial de água não potável. Para apoiar os projetistas, executores e gestores na tomada de decisão das diferentes etapas do processo foi também desenvolvida e aplicada uma ferramenta para análise de modo e efeito de falha (FMEA) dos requisitos desenvolvidos para o sistema de água não potável. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação da ferramenta em edifício comprovaram a sua aplicabilidade e eficiência no sistema predial de água não potável. / The use of alternative source of water in residential buildings has been practiced in more constant in recent years aiming to reduce the demand for potable water (drinking water). However, the use of non-potable water requires criteria that must be respected to preserve the health of users, with a view to possible contamination of potable water supplied by the concessionaire. Therefore, this paper aims to present requirements and performance criteria, which must be implemented in phases of design, implementation and maintenance of the non-potable water system in building. To assist the designers, performers and managers in decision-making of the different stages of the process was also developed and implemented analyze with the tool failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) for the requirements developed for the non-potable water system in building. The results achieved by the tool showed its applicability and efficiency in non-potable water system in building.
|
19 |
The Sustainability of Ion Exchange Water Treatment TechnologyAmini, Adib 04 April 2017 (has links)
This research investigated using a life cycle environmental and economic approach to evaluate IX technology for small potable water systems, allowing for the identification and development of process and design improvements that reduce environmental impacts and costs. The main goals were to evaluate conventional IX in terms of life cycle environmental and economic sustainability, develop a method for improving designs of IX systems from a environmental and economic sustainability standpoint, evaluate potential design improvements, and make the research findings accessible to water professionals through user-friendly tools and frameworks that take into account their feedback. This research provides an understanding, from the perspective of life cycle environmental impacts and costs, of the tradeoffs between various reactor designs of IX, the effects of scale, key contributors to impact and cost, design trends that improve sustainability, and how combined cation anion exchange compares to conventional IX. Furthermore, tools were developed that can be used to identify design choices that improve sustainability of IX systems. These tools were made into a user-friendly format to better bridge the gap between research and practice.
|
20 |
Feasibility study of an aeration treatment system in a raw water storage reservoir used as a potable water sourceFronk, Robert Charles 16 February 2010 (has links)
<p>The systems engineering process has been utilized to determine the feasibility of an
aeration treatment system for a raw water storage reservoir used as a potable water source.
This system will be used to ensure a consistently high quality of raw water by the addition
of dissolved oxygen into the reservoir.</p>
<p>
A needs analysis establishes the importance and requirements for a consistently high
quality of raw water used as a source for a potable water treatment facility. This study
proposes and evaluates an aeration treatment system installed in the raw water storage
reservoir as a method to achieve and maintain raw water quality. This study develops the
system operational and maintenance requirements using the systems engineering process.</p>
<p>
A preferred system configuration is developed and evaluated using economical and
engineering criteria.</p>
<p>
The results of this analysis indicate that the aeration treatment system is
technologically and economically feasible. This system can provide a high quality of raw
water to the water treatment facility that is within the cost constraints established in this
analysis. Costs of the system are compared to the additional treatment chemical costs
required to treat the adverse effects on the raw water quality resulting from not aerating the
reservoir.</p> / Master of Science
|
Page generated in 0.0428 seconds