Yau, Charlotte Ping Yuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-264). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; includes Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / ackowledgements --- p.iv / list of figures & tables --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- the discovery of bronze age cultures in hong kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- "Social Complexity, Specialization, and Standardization" --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Pottery Analysis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The Debates: Chronology and Social Structure in Bronze Age Hong Kong --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.21 / Chapter chapter 2 --- research objectives and methodology --- p.24 / Objectives --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- Unit of Analysis: Pottery Sherds --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Double-F Pottery of Hong Kong --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- "The Double-F Pottery of Boluo County, Guangdong Province" --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- How the Double-F is Studied Here --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Other Potsherds --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Hard Geometric Pottery - the Lozenge-patterned --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Coarse Pottery - the Cord-marked --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Chronology of the Potsherds --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Stratigraphy --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Typological Sequences --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Measurements --- p.43 / Chapter chapter 3 --- "potsherds found in tai wan, Lamma island" --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1 --- Archaeological Data --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Burials and Activity Area --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Pottery --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Bronze Artifacts --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- "Stone Artifacts: Tools, Slotted Rings" --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Axe Molds --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Studied Pottery Sherds of Tai Wan --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Double-F Potsherds of Father Finn's Collection --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Other Potsherds: the Lozenge-patterned --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion: Inference on the Social Structure of Tai Wan --- p.74 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "potsherds found in sha po new village, lamma island" --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1 --- Archaeological Data --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Features: Post-holes --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Pottery --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Stone and Bronze Artifacts --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Studied Pottery Sherds of Sha Po New Village --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Double-F Potsherds --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Other Potsherds: the Lozenge-patterned and the Cord-marked --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- The Lozenge-patterned Pottery Sherds --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- The Cord-marked Pottery Sherds --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion: Inference on the Social Structure of Sha Po New Village --- p.109 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- "potsherds found in sha ha, sai kung" --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1 --- Archaeological Data --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- "Features: Burials, Post-holes, Ritual Site, and Stone Tool Workshop" --- p.119 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Pottery --- p.123 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Stone and Bronze Artifacts --- p.126 / Chapter 5.2 --- The Studied Pottery Sherds of Sha Ha --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The Double-F Potsherds --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Other Potsherds: the Lozenge-patterned and the Cord-marked --- p.140 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- The Lozenge-patterned Pottery Sherds --- p.141 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- The Cord-marked Pottery Sherds --- p.146 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion: Inference on the Social Structure of Sha Ha --- p.150 / Chapter chapter 6 --- comparison and analysis --- p.166 / Chapter 6.1 --- "Similarities and Differences between the Double-F, the Lozenge-patterned, and the Cord-marked" --- p.166 / Chapter 6.2 --- Common Aspects and Differences Observed in the Double-F Styles and Manufacturing Technology --- p.168 / Chapter 6.3 --- The Intra-regional Comparison: Tai Wan vs. Sha Po New Village --- p.175 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Skill Levels --- p.175 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Coefficient of Variation and Individual Potsherd Comparison --- p.178 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Cluster Analysis Results --- p.185 / Chapter 6.4 --- "The Inter-regional Comparison: Sha Ha, Sha Po New Village, and Tai Wan" --- p.187 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Skill Levels --- p.187 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Coefficient of Variation and Individual Potsherd Comparison --- p.189 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Cluster Analysis Results --- p.197 / Chapter 6.5 --- Discussion: Pottery Production in Bronze Age Hong Kong --- p.201 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.208 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- "special samples - inference on production, organization, and potters' skills" --- p.211 / Chapter 7.1 --- The Firing Technology --- p.211 / Chapter 7.2 --- "Difficulty in Applying the ""Perfect"" Double F: Overlaps" --- p.217 / Chapter 7.3 --- Apprenticeship? Experimentation? Trial and Error? --- p.221 / Chapter 7.4 --- Manufacturing Skills as Seen through Complete Vessels --- p.230 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.234 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- conclusion： was there hierarchy? --- p.236 / Chapter 8.1 --- Society in the Bronze Age --- p.236 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Subsistence Strategies --- p.237 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Pottery Production --- p.238 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Social Organization as Seen through Burials and Artifacts --- p.241 / Chapter 8.2 --- Remarks: the Social Structure of Bronze Age Hong Kong --- p.245 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- How Socially Significant was the Double-F --- p.244 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- There was Exchange but what about Trade? --- p.249 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Was there Social Complexity in Bronze Age Hong Kong? --- p.250 / Chapter 8.2.4 --- Closing Thoughts --- p.255 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.259

Originally published as the author's thesis--Freiburg Universität, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also issued online.

This study aims to determine whether current and past research on the Badarian culture of early Egypt accurately reflects the evidence uncovered in the past and the evaluation of the excavation reports by the early excavators. An archaeological re-evaluation of the Badarian culture and relevant sites is presented in the introduction. Inter-regional development of the Badarian is crucial to placing the Badarian in the temporal ladder of the predynastic cultures, leading up the formation of the dynastic era of Ancient Egypt. The following thesis is not meant to be a definitive answer on the origins and placement of the Badarian people in the Predynastic hierarchy of ancient Egypt, but one of its aims is to stimulate discussion and offer alternatives to the narrative of the Badarian culture. A set of outcomes is presented to test all hypotheses. Research questions are discussed to determine whether the Badarian culture is a regional phenomenon restricted to a small area around the Badari-Mostagedda-Matmar region, or as a wider inter-regional variable carrying on into the later Nagada cultures. To reach a hypothesis, the chronology of the Badarian is analysed, in-depth study of the original excavation reports and later research on the Badarian question. An important facet of this study is a literature review of the Badarian culture, past and present. The Badarian culture had always been a subject of speculation, especially in terms of its chronology and regional development. There is no consensus on the chronology of dispersion out of the desert to the Nile Valley, as well as areas north and south of the Nile Valley. It is important to establish the concept of an agronomic sedentary lifestyle by the Badarian, and to re-evaluate the evidence for the long-standing idea that the Badarian was in fact the first farmers of the Nile Valley, also in terms of their perceived exchange and trade networks. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)