Market based generation dispatch is becoming the industry norm in advanced electrical jurisdictions. Due to the continuous evolution of markets and their potential impacts on system operation, studies are performed from economic and social perspectives in order to gauge the effects of any changes before implementation into live systems. In addition, it is essential to verify the effect of changes in market design on power systems from a technical perspective. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a real-time power system simulator for use in the investigation of market designs and automatic generation control schemes. The scope of this thesis is the mathematical algorithms used in the simulator, hardware and software implementation, and validation of the implemented simulator. The simulator is based on a modified version of the power flow calculation using an innovative combination of a standard numerical technique implemented on a readily available computing hardware platform. The result is a significant decrease in computation time. The power flow is performed repeatedly, with frequency being calculated between time steps to provide system dynamics. Frequency is calculated using a modified version of the generic generator swing equation. Generator and load models and their respective control systems are provided for the purposes of simulator validation and testing, although do not fall within the scope of the simulator itself.

This thesis presents a new general purpose power system simulation technique based on dynamic phasors and conventional power system simulation methods. The method developed in this work converts time-domain circuits to equivalent dynamic phasor representations. These dynamic phasor equivalents are then simulated using nodal analysis and numerical integrator substitution. Simple linear circuit models are presented first in order to demonstrate that the new method is capable of accurately simulating small systems. The method developed in this work is then expanded to include control systems, power electronic converters, and synchronous machines. Visual comparisons with simulation results obtained using time-domain electromagnetic transient simulators demonstrate that the new dynamic phasor-based technique is capable of accurately simulating power system components.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-111).

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-83). Also available via the Internet.

This work investigates some of the features of existing software applications for electric power system planning as well as some of the limitations that keep these applications from being more frequently used in distribution planning. This work presents a software framework that could facilitate much greater use of a wide variety of planning applications. An integrated system model (ISM) provides a centralized approach to storing data for access by other planning applications. Additionally, an integrated performance simulator (IPS) facilitates comparing the design projects generated by those various planning applications across many criteria under various load growth scenarios. Furthermore, the IPS can automatically run any number of validation routines on a given design or set of designs, alerting the planning engineer of additional, unanticipated planning needs. This paper provides three case studies which demonstrate the kinds of detailed evaluation and visualization of trade-offs that an IPS could facilitate. The case studies further highlight the greater levels of detail that may be utilized by the ISM and IPS in analyzing any set of modular designs and load growth scenarios. / Master of Science

A phasor-only estimator carries with it intrinsic improvements over its SCADA analogue with respect to performance and reliability. However, insuring the quality of the data stream which leaves the linear estimator is crucial to establishing it as the front end of an EMS system and network applications which employ synchrophasor data. This can be accomplished using a two-fold solution: the pre-processing of phasor data before it arrives at the linear estimator and the by developing a synchrophasor-only dynamic state estimator as a mechanism for bad data detection and identification. In order to realize these algorithms, this dissertation develops a computationally simple model of the dynamics of the power system which fits neatly into the existing linear state estimation formulation. The algorithms are then tested on field data from PMUs installed on the Dominion Virginia Power EHV network. / Ph. D.

Power Electronic Building Block (PEBB) concept is to provide generic building blocks for power conversion, regulation and distribution with control intelligence and autonomy. A comprehensive modeling and analysis of a PEBB based DC distributed power system (DPS), comprising of a front end power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifier, a DC-DC converter and a three phase four leg inverter is performed. All the sub-systems of the DC DPS are modeled and analyzed for stability and good transient performance. A comprehensive stability analysis of a PEBB based DC DPS is performed. The effect of impedance overlap on the system and individual sub-systems is examined. Ability of a PEBB based converter to stabilize the integrated system by actively changing the system bandwidth is presented. The fault tolerance capability in a PEBB based rectifier is established by ensuring stable system operation, with one leg of the rectifier failed open-circuited. / Master of Science

The problem of dynamic stability of power system has challenged power system engineers since over three decades now. In a generator, the electromechanical coupling between the rotor and the rest of the system causes it to behave in a manner similar to a spring mass damper system, which exhibits an oscillatory behaviour around the equilibrium state, following any disturbance, such as sudden change in loads, change in transmission line parameters, fluctuations in the output of turbine and faults etc. The use of fast acting high gain AVRs and evolution of large interconnected power systems with transfer of bulk power across weak transmission links have further aggravated the problem of low frequency oscillations. The oscillations, which are typically in the frequency range of 0.2 to 3.0 Hz, might be excited by the disturbances in the system or, in some cases, might even build up spontaneously. These oscillations limit the power transmission capability of a network and, sometimes, even cause a loss of synchronism and an eventual breakdown of the entire system. The application of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) can help in damping out these oscillations and improve the system stability. The traditional and till date the most popular solution to this problem is application of conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS). However, continual changes in the operating condition and network parameters result in corresponding change in system dynamics. This constantly changing nature of power system makes the design of CPSS a difficult task. Adaptive control methods have been applied to overcome this problem with some degree of success. However, the complications involved in implementing such controllers have restricted their practical usage. In recent years there has been a growing interest in robust stabilization and disturbance attenuation problem. H∞ control theory provides a powerful tool to deal with robust stabilization and disturbance attenuation problem. However the standard H∞ control theory does not guarantee robust performance under the presence of all the uncertainties in the power plants. This thesis provides a method for designing fixed parameter controller for system to ensure robustness under model uncertainties. Minimum performance required of PSS is decided a priori and achieved over the entire range of operating conditions. A new method has been proposed for tuning the parameters of a fixed gain power system stabilizer. The stabilizer places the troublesome system modes in an acceptable region in the complex plane and guarantees a robust performance over a wide range of operating conditions. Robust D-stability is taken as primary specification for design. Conventional lead/lag PSS structure is retained but its parameters are re-tuned using genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain enhanced performance. The advantage of GA technique for tuning the PSS parameters is that it is independent of the complexity of the performance index considered. It suffices to specify an appropriate objective function and to place finite bounds on the optimized parameters. The efficacy of the proposed method has been tested on single machine as well as multimachine systems. The proposed method of tuning the PSS is an attractive alternative to conventional fixed gain stabilizer design as it retains the simplicity of the conventional PSS and still guarantees a robust acceptable performance over a wide range of operating and system condition. The method suggested in this thesis can be used for designing robust power system stabilizers for guaranteeing the required closed loop performance over a prespecified range of operating and system conditions. The simplicity in design and implementation of the proposed stabilizers makes them better suited for practical applications in real plants.

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