Le développement des générateurs de forte puissance pour les énergies marines renouvelables nécessite un effort important de recherche et de développement plus particulièrement centre sur les aspects mécaniques et thermiques. Généralement, la modélisation précise des machines électriques nécessite l'utilisation de la méthode des éléments finis. Cependant, cette méthode est gourmande en temps de calcul en particulier lors des premières étapes de conception. Le but de cette thèse est de fournir des modèles permettant l’analyse des générateurs synchrones à aimants permanents pour les énergies marines renouvelables avec un rapport temps / précision réduit. Deux approches de modélisation sont proposées dans ce travail: une approche à constantes localisées et une approche hybride basée sur le couplage direct entre un modèle analytique et un modèle à constantes localisées. Ces modèles sont utilisés pour l'étude des différents phénomènes physiques inhérents au fonctionnement des dispositifs électromagnétiques (magnétiques, thermiques et mécaniques). Les modèles magnétiques et thermiques à constantes localisées sont construits à partir d'une démarche dite générique, consistant en un maillage du domaine d'étude. Les modèles développés enrichiront les travaux en cours sur les modèles thermiques et mécaniques au GREAH afin d'aboutir à un code de calcul multi-physique par constantes localisées. / The development of high power generators for the marine renewable energies requires substantial research and development, focusing particularly on the mechanical and thermal aspects. Generally, accurate modelling of electrical machines requires the use of finite-element (fe) method. However, fe analysis is highly time consuming, especially at first design stages. The aim of this phd thesis is to propose a design approach of the permanent magnet synchronous generators for marine renewable energies applications offering a good computation time to precision ratio. Two design models are proposed in this work : lumped parameter approach and a hybrid approach based on the direct coupling of an analytical model and lumped parameter model. This modelling approach is used for the modelling of the three main physics to be considered in an electrical generator (magnetic model, thermal model and mechanical model). The lumped parameters approach consists, in this thesis, in the development of a generic magnetica and thermic lumped parameter network linked to the machine geometry. The models developed will regroup the ongoing developments of thermal and mechanical models at the GREAH lab in order to reach the completion of a mutliphysics lumped parameters computational code.

Esse trabalho propõe a investigação da geometria dos contornos internos de eixos vazados para aerogeradores quando aplicados mandris com diferentes diâmetros ao longo de seu comprimento no forjamento incremental em matriz aberta. Tem-se por finalidade a fabricação de um mandril que proporcione à peça forjada formato mais perto do formato final proposto. Foram estudados através do uso de simulações numéricas computacionais com o software Simufact.forming 12 e ensaios com o material modelo plasticina possíveis geometrias de mandris, variando a angulação na região de troca de diâmetros ao longo do comprimento entre 0˚, 30˚ e 60˚, e analisados o comportamento do escoamento do material na região. Com o processo simulatório concluído, foi produzido o mandril que apresentou melhor desempenho e foram realizados testes práticos. No total, duas peças foram forjadas e analisados seus resultados. A geometria proposta da peça foi alcançada, confirmando a escolha da cinemática do processo. A temperatura do mandril foi aferida e comparada com a temperatura durante a simulação, onde no último passe, a medida foi 720°C e a simulada em torno de 620°C. As forças de forjamento apresentaram diferença entre a simulação e forjado na média de 7,6%. / This work proposes the investigation of the internal contour of hollow shafts for wind turbines when applied mandrels with different diameters along its length in incremental open-die forging. It is intended to manufacture a mandrel to provide a forged part closer to the final proposed geometry. Studies were conducted using the numerical computer simulations software Simufact.forming 12 and models of plasticine aiming possible mandrel geometries, varying the angle of the different-diameters region along the length between 0˚, 30˚ and 60˚ and analyzed the behavior of the material flow in the region. As the simulation process was concluded, the mandrel with the best performance was produced and practical tests were performed. In total, two workpieces were forged and analyzed its results. The proposed geometry was achieved, confirming the choice of process kinematics. The temperature of the mandrel was measured and compared with the temperature during the simulation at the last pass, the measurement resulted in 720°C and the simulated around 620°C. The forging forces showed differences between simulation and forging of an average of 7.6%.

On this thesis work, design and construction of an up to date complete RF excitation system was intended. This excitation system is mainly based on highly efficient switching power generators and proper coupling of the power to the object plasma. This new excitation system design should answer the demands of today&#039 / s progressed CO2 lasers on various power ranges. Though it could be used by a large variety of applications including RF plasma and RF heating, on the first occasion in order to define design considerations, this system is to be exploited by RF excited fast flow and RF excited slab CO2 laser constructions.

L'objectif de cette thèse est la conception, dans un premier temps, des différentes stratégies de commande pour un générateur hybride composé par une pile à combustible et une source auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie. L'outil des Inégalités Linéaires Matricielles (LMI) est utilisé dans la thèse pour la solution du problème de la commande robuste et multi-variables. Dans un premier temps la commande se consacre à la gestion de la partie électrique de la pile. Des stratégies de commande sont proposées pour les convertisseurs élévateurs du bus continu mais aussi pour le contrôle d'un onduleur de tension conçu pour une opération en mode isolé du réseau. La validation d'une partie du contrôle sous un banc d'essai a été réalisée. Dans un deuxième temps, la commande de la partie fluidique de la pile a été traitée. La gestion de la dynamique de l'air en entrée de la pile est assurée par la commande du débit du compresseur. Le sous-système de compression d'air est régulé pour garantir un certain taux d'excès d'oxygène désiré, ce qui permet d'améliorer les performances de la pile. Une introduction au contrôle des systèmes à paramètres variants (LPV) est aussi présentée. Des études de robustesse des contrôleurs proposés ont été effectuées, et ces caractères robustes sont comparés avec plusieurs méthodes de commande classique, prouvant ainsi l'importance des méthodologies de commande robuste et multi-variables. / The objective of this thesis is the design of several control strategies for a hybrid power generator composed by a fuel cell and an auxiliary energy storage source. The Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) tools are extensively used in this dissertation as a solution to the mutivariable robust control problem. As a first approach, the control methodology is consecrated to the electrical power management sub-system of the fuel cell. Different strategies are proposed to control the hybrid boost power converter configuration for DC voltage applications. The methodology is extended to AC islanded applications considering the additional control of a voltage inverter. The validation on a dedicated test-bench, of a part of the proposed control strategies, is presented. In a second approach, the control of the air supply system is addressed. The management of the air dynamic entering the fuel cell is assured by the control of the air flow of a compressor. The air supply sub-system is controlled to keep a desired oxygen excess ratio, this allow to improve the fuel cell performance. An introduction to the control of Linear Varying Parameter (LPV) systems is also presented. Robustness analysis studies are performed, these robust properties are contrasted with several classic control strategies, demonstrating the advantage and the importance of multivariable robust methodologies.

Thesis focuses on a detailed technical description of all important parts of secondary circuit in Dukovany power plant and its connection to other systems of power plant. In thesis are analyzed significant adjustments which have been made during the entire operation of power plant including in particular the actions associated with project called Utilization of project reserves of units EDU. In the main part of the thesis were carried out calculations of the power plant's power for states before and after the modernization and there is also analyzed the impact of individual changes on the whole power plant. These changes are with the entire secondary circuit drawn in the T-s diagram.

In recent years, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) have attracted much attention due to their potential as a clean power source for many applications, including automotive, portable and stationary devices. This resulted in a tremendous technological progress, such as the development of new membranes and electro-catalysts or the improvement of electrode structures. However, in order to compete within the most attractive markets, the PEMFC technologies did not reach all the required characteristics yet, in particular in terms of cost and durability.Because of the strong coupling between different physicochemical phenomena, the interpretation of experimental observations is difficult, and analysis through modeling becomes crucial to elucidate the degradation and failure mechanisms, andto help improving both PEMFC electrochemical performance and durability.The development of a theoretical tool is essential for industrials and the scientific community to evaluate the PEMFC degradation and to predict itsperformance and durability in function of the materials properties and in a diversity of operating conditions. This manuscript summarizes my scientific research efforts in this exciting topic during the last 9 years in France, including my invention of the MEMEPhys multiscale simulation package,developed on the basis of my childhood passion for the New Technologies for Energyin Argentina. My perspectives of adapting this approach to other electrochemical systems such as water electrolyzers and batteries are also discussed.