Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-26T21:50:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-26T16:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-26T16:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / A principal caracter?stica para que uma produ??o seja considerada sustent?vel ? assumir que a natureza ? finita, evitando-se desta forma o crescimento sem limites. A busca da sustentabilidade na carcinicultura tem sido uma preocupa??o constante dos ?rg?os ambientais. A utiliza??o de probi?ticos tem sido atualmente apontada como uma eficiente forma de tratamento da mat?ria org?nica presente na coluna d??gua e no solo dos viveiros, possibilitando a minimiza??o da utiliza??o de ?gua nos cultivos, que ? um dos requisitos fundamentais para tornar a carcinicultura ambientalmente respons?vel. Os probi?ticos tamb?m atuam como produto natural na profilaxia das enfermidades, promovendo um melhor crescimento dos organismos aqu?ticos cultiv?veis. Dessa forma, a primeira parte desta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de dois probi?ticos comerciais, de diferentes composi??es, sobre o potencial zoot?cnico e resist?ncia a estresse de larvas e p?s-larvas da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei cultivadas em escala comercial. A segunda parte investigou as pr?ticas de manejo adotadas pelos micro produtores de camar?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, caracterizando-se tamb?m os aspectos sociais e ambientais da carcinicultura percebidos por esses produtores. Na primeira fase, os cultivos da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei tiveram in?cio na fase larval (n?uplio V), com dura??o de 18 dias, quando foram submetidos a dois tratamentos: P1 - probi?tico um; P2 - probi?tico dois. As unidades experimentais consistiram em seis tanques de 15.000 L, com tr?s repeti??es para cada tratamento. Os probi?ticos foram aplicados diariamente conforme recomenda??o dos fabricantes, sendo os par?metros salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxig?nio dissolvido monitorados. As p?s-larvas submetidas ao P2 apresentaram valores m?dios maiores (p < 0,05) para comprimento (em PL 1 e PL 5), pesos ?mido e seco (em PL 5) e percentual de metamorfose (90%) em rela??o ao outro tratamento; as demais vari?veis n?o diferiram. As sobreviv?ncias finais foram 56,4% e 64,9% para p?s-larvas submetidas ao P1 e ao P2, respectivamente. Observou-se que o probi?tico 2 foi mais efetivo na melhoria dos par?metros bi?ticos. Na segunda fase, foram realizadas 27 entrevistas atrav?s de formul?rios semi-estruturados, com produtores do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte. Constatou-se que 85,2% dos produtores s?o homens, com baixa taxa de analfabetismo (3,7%), com renda de 2 a 5 sal?rios m?nimos (44,4%) e que 22,2% t?m a carcinicultura como principal fonte de renda. Verificou-se que menos de 50% receberam assist?ncia t?cnica no ?ltimo ano e poucas s?o as medidas de biosseguran?a adotadas pelos mesmos. Com rela??o ?s boas pr?ticas de manejo recomendadas pela Associa??o Brasileira de Produtores de Camar?o (ABCC), apenas 11,1% dos carcinicultores fazem uso de probi?ticos e essa vari?vel n?o possui rela??o com a renda mensal familiar ou ainda com as taxas de sobreviv?ncia obtidas nos cultivos. Pr?ticas de manejo como fertiliza??o da ?gua e calagem do solo, assim como questionamentos sobre a problem?tica ambiental tamb?m n?o apresentaram rela??o com a escolaridade, havendo um manejo homog?neo entre os entrevistados. As micro propriedades produtoras de camar?o, representativas da regi?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, apontam a necessidade de orienta??o e apoio do governo e da devida assist?ncia t?cnica para que possam implementar boas pr?ticas de manejo, de forma a se adequar ? carcinicultura respons?vel recomendada pela ABCC. / The main feature for a production to be considered sustainable is to assume that nature is finite, avoiding thus the unlimited growth. The search of the sustainability in shrimp farming has been a constant preoccupation of environmental agencies. The use of probiotics have been currently appointed as an efficient means of treating of the organic matter in the water column and ponds soil, allowing to minimize the use of water in farming, which is one of the fundamental requirements to make shrimp farming environmentally responsible. Probiotics also act as a natural product for prophylaxis of diseases, promoting better growth of the cultivable aquatic organisms. Thus, the first part of this research had purpose to evaluate the effects of two commercial probiotics, which different compositions, on the zootecnical potential and resistance to stress of larvae and post-larvae of the species Litopenaeus vannamei in commercial scale. The second part investigated management practices adopted by micro producers of shrimp in the southern coast Rio Grande do Norte, also characterize the social and environmental aspects of shrimp farming perceived by these producers. In the first phase, In the first phase, the cultivates of the species Litopenaeus vannamei began in the larval stage (nauplius V), with duration of 18 days, this time submitted for two treatments: P1 - probiotic one; P2 - two probiotic. The experimental units consisted of six tanks of 15,000 L, and each treatment had three repetitions. The probiotics were applied daily as recommended by the manufacturers, and the parameters salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen monitored. The post-larvae submitted to P2 had higher mean values (p <0.05) in length (in PL 1 and PL 5), wet and dry weights (PL 5) and metamorphosis percentage (90%) when compared to the other treatment; the other variables did not differ. The final survivals were 56.4% and 64.9% for postlarvae submitted to P1 and P2, respectively. It was observed that the probiotic 2 more effective in the improvement of the biotic parameters. In the second phase, 27 interviews were conducted through of semistructured questionnaires, with producers of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte. It was found that 85.2% of the producers are men, with low illiteracy rate (3.7%), earning 2 to 5 minimum wages (44.4%) and 22.2% have shrimp farming as main source of income. It was found that less than 50% received technical assistance in the last year and few are the biosecurity measures adopted by them. With regard to good management practices recommended by the Brazilian Association of Shrimp Farmers (ABCC), only 11.1% of shrimp farmers make to use of probiotics and this variable has no relationship with the monthly family income or with survival rates obtained in cultivation. Management practices such as water fertilizing and soil liming, as well as questions about the environmental problems also not associated with schooling, with a homogeneous management among interviewed. The micro properties producers of shrimp, representative of the region of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte, point the need of guidance and support of the government and appropriate technical assistance to enable them to implement good management practices, in order to suit the shrimp responsible recommended by the ABCC.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T11:48:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IaskaraMichellyDeMedeirosSilveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2844383 bytes, checksum: 4f63a355c2d8be7243802d166077471e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-11T11:11:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IaskaraMichellyDeMedeirosSilveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2844383 bytes, checksum: 4f63a355c2d8be7243802d166077471e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T11:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IaskaraMichellyDeMedeirosSilveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2844383 bytes, checksum: 4f63a355c2d8be7243802d166077471e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A carcinicultura ? a atividade de aquicultura que mais se expandiu nos ?ltimos anos a n?vel mundial e tem gerado emprego e renda a muitas fam?lias que sofrem com a diminui??o da oferta de peixes e crust?ceos nos bancos naturais, por?m, para a manuten??o da pr?tica econ?mica ? preciso que a mesma se desenvolva dentro de alguns padr?es de sustentabilidade, alguns previstos em lei e outros apenas orienta??es para um melhor manejo e consequentemente, uma maior prote??o para a perpetua??o da atividade. Dessa forma, essa disserta??o tem como objetivo em seu primeiro cap?tulo: realizar uma avalia??o da situa??o do licenciamento ambiental da carcinicultura do RN ao longo dos anos 2005-2015 com rela??o ao n?mero de empreendimentos licenciados por ano, porte dos empreendimentos por tipos de licen?as e as regi?es com maior densidade de fazendas de carcinicultura. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi a investiga??o documental de todos os dados referentes ao licenciamento ambiental foram obtidos junto ao Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel e Meio Ambiente (IDEMA-RN). Foram identificadas 698 licen?as no total, sendo a maioria das fazendas de porte m?dio e com licen?as de opera??o, concentrando a maior densidade de empreendimentos de todos os portes no litoral sul. Evidenciou-se uma grande quantidade de fazendas com licen?as atrasadas, al?m da constata??o de que o maior n?mero de licen?as foi expedido no per?odo em que mais ocorreram problemas de ordem econ?mica e ambiental na atividade. J? o segundo cap?tulo tem por objetivo identificar as pr?ticas adotadas pelos micros produtores da comunidade de Parajur? no Cear? e do Rio Grande do Norte, tomando como refer?ncia as normas de boas pr?ticas de manejo recomendadas pela Associa??o Brasileira de Criadores de Camar?o (ABCC), utilizado para tanto, a aplica??o de 31 question?rios na localidade para o levantamento dos dados. Foi identificado que os produtores cearenses adotam algumas das pr?ticas de manejo indicadas pela ABCC, dessa forma, as enfermidades no Cear? causaram menores danos aos carcinicultores que obtiveram maior produtividade do que o observado em outros estudos. / Shrimp farming is the most expanded aquaculture activity in recent years worldwide and has generated employment and income for many families that suffer from the reduction of supply of fish and crustaceans in natural banks. However, for the maintenance of the economic practice, it is necessary that it develops within some sustainability standards, some of them provided by law and others only guidelines for better management and, consequently, greater protection for the perpetuation of the activity. The objective of this dissertation is to carry out an evaluation of the state of environmental licensing of RN shrimp farming over the years 2005-2015 in relation to the number of farms licensed per year, the size of the enterprises by type of licenses and the regions with the highest density of shrimp farms. For this purpose, the methodology used was the documentary research of all data related to environmental licensing, obtained from the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel e Meio Ambiente (IDEMA-RN). A total of 698 licenses were identified, the majority of medium-sized farms with operating licenses, concentrating the highest density of enterprises of all sizes in the south coast. There was a large number of farms with expired licenses, in addition to the fact that the largest number of licenses was issued in the period in which there were more economic and environmental problems in the activity. The second chapter aims to identify the practices adopted by micro producers in the community of Parajur? in Cear?, taking as reference the standards of good management practices recommended by the Associa??o Brasileira de Criadores de Camar?o (ABCC). An application of 31 the questionnaires to the carciniculturists in the locality. It was identified that the Cear? producers adopt some of management practices indicated by the ABCC, in this way, the diseases in Cear? caused less damages to the farmers that obtained higher productivity than the observed in other studies