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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Laringectomizados Usuários de Prótese Traqueoesofágica:Princípios e Métodos da Prática Fonoaudiológica

Ghirardi, Ana Carolina de Assis Moura 13 February 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina de Assis Moura Ghirardi.pdf: 819639 bytes, checksum: 6d8ec430913ecbd61df4bd90523f8c8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of the present study is to analyze the principles and methods present in Speech Therapy of totally laryngectomized patients who use a tracheoesophageal prosthesis. Methods: The participants of the study were three speech therapists with experience in the field of laryngectomy rehabilitation, three head and neck surgeons and three patients using a vocal prosthesis for a minimum period of one year. The subjects were divided into three separate groups, according to their role in the study: Speech therapists (GF), head and neck surgeons (GM) and patients (GU). The speech therapists were submitted to an open interview, in which they assessed their clinical practice with such patients, in detailed manner. After reading the material collected from these interviews, a questionnaire was developed so that the surgeons could consider their expectations towards speech therapy as well as their ideas on clinical success. Likewise, a third questionnaire was developed, targeting the patients views on speech therapy, their recollections on the subject and their references to specific clinical strategies. After all interviews and questionnaires were collected, the material was thoroughly read several times, and the content was organized in different categories which derived from the contents of subjects speech. Speech order was maintained while organizing the categories. Thus, the data analysis was done considering each group separately, since not all categories were the same for the three groups. However, a comparison was made for all groups, with regards to those categories that matched in all three. Results: The time span of therapy was considered small by GF. The most common techniques described by the speech therapists were those aiming stoma occlusion, coordination between occlusion, breathing and speech, speech intelligibility and pitch and loudness modulations. For this group, the main objective of speech therapy is to ensure that the vocal prosthesis is the main way of alaryngeal communication, if the patient so desires. For GM, the main role of speech therapy is to provide vocal expression resources so that the patient can achieve communicative independence. They also feel that speech therapy should be a space where the patients learn to master their prosthesis resources and learn how to care for it effectively. As for GU, the main gain related to speech therapy was improvement in quality of life, due to the re-gaining of speech and voice, leading to greater social interaction. All viewed their time with the speech therapist as a positive one, and do not necessarily consider a short time-span as a main advantage of the tracheoesophageal prosthesis. As a result of the combined analysis, the principles of speech therapy with these patients are: to insure the patients adjustment to their prosthesis, to present them with specific speech techniques and to promote conditions where the patient is free to express himself and thus expand the abilities acquired in therapy to his daily life activities. Conclusions: Therefore, the main goal of speech therapy is a combination of the aspects pointed out by members of the three groups; that is, to provide the patient with independence to handle and use his prosthesis not only in a daily manner, but with mastery of all its resources and expression possibilities, but to promote as well a greater social interaction of these people with their peers, hence improving their overall quality of life / Objetivo: Analisar os princípios e métodos presentes na terapia fonoaudiológica de pacientes laringectomizados totais usuários de prótese traqueoesofágica, do ponto de vista de fonoaudiólogos, médicos e pacientes. Métodos: Os participantes da pesquisa foram três fonoaudiólogas que atuam na área de reabilitação de laringectomizados totais (GF), três médicos cirurgiões de cabeça e pescoço (GM) e três usuários de prótese traqueoesofágica (GU). Os fonoaudiólogos responderam a uma entrevista contendo uma pergunta de caráter aberto, sobre a sua prática na reabilitação desses pacientes. A partir da leitura do material coletado, elaborou-se um questionário para GM, sobre suas expectativas quanto ao processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico, e outro para GU, que versava sobre técnicas específicas, expectativas e lembranças do processo de terapia fonoaudiológica. Após a leitura do material, foram elaborados mapas de associação de idéias, e as falas dos entrevistados foram alocadas em categorias correspondentes. Dessa forma a análise foi realizada de forma individual para cada grupo. Em um segundo momento, as falas dos entrevistados dos três grupos foram comparadas entre si, com base nas categorias elaboradas. Resultados: O trabalho com os usuários de prótese traqueoesofágica é descrito pelas fonoaudiólogas como rápido. A atuação no período pré-operatório consiste de orientações acerca da cirurgia e suas implicações e sobre os métodos alternativos de comunicação disponíveis. Após a cirurgia, a terapia fonoaudiológica consiste, predominantemente, de técnicas específicas para oclusão do estoma, coordenação entre expiração e fonação, fluência de fala, tempo máximo fonatório, e variação de altura e intensidade vocal. O caso é considerado bem sucedido quando o paciente utiliza a prótese como principal forma de comunicação. Para os médicos, a função da terapia fonoaudiológica é dar ao sujeito autonomia de comunicação, por meio de recursos expressivos e domínio do uso da prótese. Para os usuários, o contato com a fonoaudióloga foi positivo e os principais ganhos foram em qualidade de vida, pela re-integração social e retomada da fala. Assim, os princípios da atuação fonoaudiológica foram: mediar a adaptação do paciente à PTE, oferecer técnicas para a fonação e propiciar condições para que ele se expresse. Considerações Finais: Observa-se que a função do fonoaudiólogo é a combinação entre as expectativas dos três grupos: propiciar ao paciente um domínio da prótese por meio da expressão, autonomia no cuidado com a mesma, fazendo com que esse seja seu principal recurso de comunicação. Dessa forma, a melhora da qualidade de vida, pela reintegração na sociedade passa a ser o principal objetivo da atuação com laringectomizados

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