Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:17:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1321070 bytes, checksum: 8f17e155b4b895c9b961857ab50df527 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is inside a study on the intercession of teachers in Geography lessons, from classes in the 6th grade of Elementary School. This study was conducted in an Elementary Municipal school named Cônego Ambrósio Silva , located in Cruzeta, a city from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in Brazil. In the text, we discuss about the teaching and learning in Geography in the reality that was researched on this process, highlighting the pedagogical aspects and tools appropriate by teachers. Among the aspects discussed are: the teacher-student relationship in the context of the school and, in this case, specifically the classroom environment; the context in which the teachers work, which is a challenge because it directly influences the teaching activities in their daily teaching. Thus, we realize that the development of teaching activity, and there are some challenges that teachers seek to overcome from the strategies they use. Extracurricular problems or problems arising from socioeconomic and cultural aspects are challenges that make it more complex to mediate what it is planned to achieve the teaching and learning process. From the fieldwork that was done, we seek to answer the questions initially raised about teachers atittudes in Geography. Among them it could be pointed out: What are the educational supports that appropriates the teacher to teach Geography? What are the features of the geography teacher's profile in the city of Cruzeta-RN? How is going to approach the content of the school landscape chosen for this research? And how the approach of the content of the school landscape chosen for this research is taking place? How is it happening the approach by the teachers of Geography about the topics of landscapes in the school that was intestigated? From the research on these issues, we emphasize that the study presents characteristics of a qualitative nature, because we used the method of participatory research in which, methodologically, we conducted observations over a period of three months and also some semi-structured interviews were used. We believe it is important to hear what teachers have to say about their choices and ways of teaching strategies, methodologies of teaching Geography. Thus, we prefer to highlight a few moments of talking with the teachers in this study. We consider, therefore, that the contemporary teacher of geography needs to think about his/her practice, so that is consciously planned, accordingly, constituting it as an intentional action. The survey also revealed that the local context of the school is, for the most part, a strong component that roots the teachers practices. Thus, mediation conducted by teachers of Geography, indicated by the researchers of education, may be to discuss the contents, raising the desire of students to discover the relationship we have such knowledge with their reality. / Esta dissertação trata-se de um estudo realizado sobre a mediação de professoras em aulas de Geografia, em turmas do 6° ano do ensino fundamental, estudo desenvolvido na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Cônego Ambrósio Silva (EMEFCAS), localizada no município de Cruzeta/RN. No texto, fazemos uma discussão a cerca do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem em Geografia na realidade pesquisada, destacando os aspectos pedagógicos e as ferramentas apropriadas pelas professoras. Dentre os aspectos discutidos, destacam-se: a relação professor-aluno no contexto da escola e, especificamente, da sala de aula; o contexto em que as professoras trabalham, o qual constitui desafio, pois influencia diretamente na ação docente em seu cotidiano de ensino. Dessa maneira, percebemos que no desenvolvimento da atividade docente alguns desafios existem e que as professoras buscam superar a partir de suas estratégias. Problemas extraescolares, ou seja, decorrentes de problemas socioeconômicos e culturais constituem desafios que tornam mais complexo mediar o que se planeja para consecução do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. A partir do trabalho de campo realizado, buscamos responder os questionamentos inicialmente levantados sobre o fazer docente em Geografia, entre eles: Quais os suportes didáticos que o professor se apropria para ensinar Geografia? Quais as características do perfil do professor de Geografia no município de Cruzeta/RN? Como está ocorrendo a abordagem do conteúdo de paisagem na EMEFCAS? A partir da investigação sobre estas questões, destacamos que o estudo apresenta características de natureza qualitativa, pois fizemos uso da modalidade de pesquisa participante na qual, metodologicamente, realizamos observações num período de três meses e também utilizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas. Entendemos que é importante ouvir o que as professoras têm a dizer sobre suas escolhas e maneiras de ensinar, suas estratégias, metodologias de ensinar Geografia, assim, preferimos dar destaque a alguns momentos à fala das professoras. Consideramos, portanto, que o professor de Geografia na contemporaneidade precisa pensar sua prática, de maneira que seja consciente-planejada, nesse sentido, constituindo-a como uma ação intencional. A pesquisa revelou ainda, que o contexto local da escola é, na maioria das vezes, forte componente que arraiga práticas das professoras. Dessa maneira, a mediação realizada pelo professor de Geografia, indicado pelos pesquisadores do ensino, pode ser a de problematizar os conteúdos, levantando o desejo dos alunos em descobrir a relação que tais conhecimentos têm com a sua realidade.

Le développement de la compétence émotionnelle est un processus qui risque d’avoir un impact majeur sur le bien-être des individus, y compris la réussite professionnelle et la qualité de nos relations interpersonnelles. La littérature scientifique montre qu’il existe un lien étroit entre la répression émotionnelle, le fait de restreindre, d’éviter ou de minimiser la prise de conscience d’émotions ainsi que divers problèmes de santé mentale, troubles du comportement, décrochage et abus de substances. Or, l’apprentissage des capacités à réguler ses émotions est en grande partie acquis au sein de la famille, puis à l’école avec le concours des enseignants. Toutefois, peu d’études existent sur ce phénomène. En outre, les écrits scientifiques portant sur le processus de socialisation des émotions dans le milieu scolaire négligent de considérer la présence ou non de stéréotypes de genre chez l’enseignant.e. Pourtant, cette lacune risque d’avoir un impact sur ses pratiques de socialisation des émotions. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’observer les comportements des enseignants de la maternelle lorsqu’ils interagissent avec des élèves et d’examiner si leurs réactions diffèrent selon le genre de leur élève dans un contexte où une émotion est exprimée par l’enfant. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l’étude réalisée poursuit deux sous-objectifs, soit observer et analyser de façon séquentielle les interactions entre les enseignants et les élèves (Objectif 1), et explorer les croyances qu’ils entretiennent en lien avec le développement émotionnel des enfants et les différences de genre (Objectif 2). Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous retenons le modèle de socialisation des émotions proposé par Denham, Bassett et Zinsser, (2012). Partant de ce modèle, six heures d’observation dans trois classes de maternelle ont été effectuées ainsi que des entrevues semi-dirigées à l’aide de la technique du rappel vidéo auprès de ces mêmes enseignants. Les premiers résultats obtenus suggèrent des différences de genre dans la socialisation des émotions. D’autres résultats suggèrent la présence de stéréotypes de genre chez les enseignants pouvant influencer leur pratique de socialisation des émotions en fonction du genre de leur élève et avoir une influence sur ses compétences émotionnelles. / Emotional competence is a factor that has the potential to greatly impact our well-being. Emotional competence can affect many aspects of his or her life, such as his/her professional career or even the quality of his/her relationships. The scientific literature showcases the existence of a link between the repression of emotions and mental health’s issues, behavioral disorders, bad academic performance and substance abuse (Ashiabi 2000; Chaplin, Cole, & Zahn-Waxler, 2005; Denham, Bassett, & Wyatt, 2007; Denham, Bassett, & Zinsser, 2012; Perlman, Camras, & Pelphrey, 2007). The development of emotional competence is a process that begins within the family circle and continues at school, with the help of teachers and educators. Because of the informal nature of the mechanisms at work, there are only a few studies on this very process. Furthermore, the few studies that examine the development of emotional competence by socialization in school tend to ignore the impact of gender stereotypes carried by teachers and other personnel. This paper is aimed to analyze grade school teachers’ behavior when they interact with their students in order to determine if said behaviors are influenced by students’ gender. This general goal was achieved by the completion of two sub-objectives. The first of these sub-objectives consisted in observing and analyzing the interactions between teachers and students in a sequential manner. The second was to explore the teachers’ belief system in regard to the emotional development of children and gender differences. Eisenberg, Spinrad and Cumberland (1998) introduced a heuristic model of emotional socialization that includes a number of variables such as parents’ personal beliefs and culture, and children’s characteristics (age, temperament, etc.) These authors suggest that emotional socialization is the factor of three processes: (1) parental reactions to children’s emotions, (2) socializers’ (teachers and other school’s personnel) discussion of emotion, and (3) socializers’ expression of emotions. A number of critics of this rich and complex model have been formulated, and we’ll address them in this paper. Denham et al. (2012) introduced a simpler model that doesn’t consider certain variables such as parents’ characteristics and instead put a greater emphasis on the aforementioned three dimensions of emotional socialization. In this study, we used the adapted model of Denham et al. (2012) was adopted. We recorded 3 different classes for 6 hours each and conducted semi-directed interviews with each class teacher. Our results suggest the existence of a gender difference related to emotional socialization. Teachers’ responses were significantly more negative towards boys’ expression of emotions compared to girls’. Results also point out the presence of gender stereotypes among teachers, which could influence their socialization practice and thus the level of emotional competence of their students.