The purpose of this thesis project was to determine the precision error of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived bone mineral density (BMD) at regions of interest (ROI) that are clinically relevant to persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), and secondarily to compare the precision error between a group of persons who are able-bodied and a group of persons with chronic SCI. Over 2 visits, four DXA scans at sites of the distal femur, proximal tibia, and calcaneus were completed in 10 persons who are able-bodied and 10 persons with chronic SCI. Using forearm sub region analysis, we measured the BMD and calculated the precision error for a total of 7 ROI at these sites. Despite a lower BMD at every ROI in the group of persons with chronic SCI compared to the group of persons who are able-bodied (range, 33 – 56%), the relative precision error was similar between groups. However, there was a trend for greater precision error in persons with SCI at a whole bone ROI of the distal femur (RMS-CV of 8.40% vs. 5.63%) and a ROI of the posterior calcaneus body (RMS-CV of 3.52% vs. 1.78%) when compared to persons who are able-bodied. Further, the ROI of the posterior calcaneus body appeared to have a lower precision error in persons who are able-bodied (RMS-CV, 1.78%) than the distal femur and proximal tibia (RMS-CV range 3.26 – 5.63%). The results from this study suggest that the precision error of DXA derived BMD is similar between persons with SCI and persons who are able-bodied, and that the posterior calcaneus body may be a more precise site than the distal femur and proximal tibia.

abstract: The following document describes the hardware implementation and analysis of Temporal Interference Mitigation using High-Level Synthesis. As the problem of spectral congestion becomes more chronic and widespread, Electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) based systems are posing as viable solution to this problem. Among the existing RF methods Cooperation based systems have been a solution to a host of congestion problems. One of the most important elements of RF receiver is the spatially adaptive part of the receiver. Temporal Mitigation is vital technique employed at the receiver for signal recovery and future propagation along the radar chain. The computationally intensive parts of temporal mitigation are identified and hardware accelerated. The hardware implementation is based on sequential approach with optimizations applied on the individual components for better performance. An extensive analysis using a range of fixed point data types is performed to find the optimal data type necessary. Finally a hybrid combination of data types for different components of temporal mitigation is proposed based on results from the above analysis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Engineering 2020

Orientador: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Banca: José Milton Arana / Banca: Osmar Delmanto Junior / Banca: Lincoln Gering Cardoso / Banca: Vilmar Antonio Rodrigues / Resumo: Neste trabalho, foram realizados levantamentos topográficos para a avaliação do efeito da cobertura vegetal, na recepção de sinais GPS, para obtenção de posicionamento tri-dimensional, considerando os estudos realizados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo. Vértices foram implantados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo; em área com pastagem, com plantação de seringueiras e com eucaliptos, e as suas posições determinadas com estação total, nivelamento geométrico e com receptores GPS. Na avaliação do posicionamento altimétrico adotou-se como valores de referência os desníveis determinados com o nivelamento geométrico para avaliação dos dados obtidos com receptores GPS. As coordenadas planimétricas obtidas com receptores GPS foram analisadas utilizando-se com valores de referência os dados obtidos com a estação total. No levantamento topográfico com estação total foram adotadas as prescrições estabelecidas nas Normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) NBR 13.133, Execução de Levantamentos Topográficos, para poligonais do tipo IVP. Foi realizada a análise de exatidão e de precisão do posicionamento tridimensional, adotando como padrão a NBR 13133 da ABNT para a classe do levantamento executado. Para aplicações do GPS na altimetria há necessidade do conhecimento da ondulação geoidal (N), que neste trabalho, para a sua determinação foram coletados dados com receptor na referência de nível (RN). Os resultados obtidos indicam que cuidados especiais devem ser tomados nos levantamentos com receptores GPS em áreas com cobetura vegetal, pois estas interferem na propagação das ondas eletromagnéticas provenientes dos satélites podendo inviabilizar o posicionamento. / In this work, topographic surveys were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of vegetal cover, on the reception of GPS signals, for 3D positioning, considering studies to be made in different types of land use. Points were set up on different types of land use, in areas containing grass, rubber trees and eucalyptus, which had their positions defined using a total station, geometric leveling and GPS receivers In the evaluation of height positioning it was adopted as reference values the height differences determined by geometric levelling in order to evaluate data obtained through GPS receivers. Planimetric coordinates obtained by using GPS receivers were analysed using as reference values the data obtained using a total station. During the topographic survey using a total station the recommendations set up by the Brazilian Association for Technical Rules (ABNT) NBR 13.133, regarding the execution of topographic surveys, for transverses of type IVP. Accuracy and precision analysis was made on the 3D positioning, also considering ABNT NBR 13.133, for the class of topographic survey which was carried out. In order to apply GPS on height positiong it is necessary to know the geoidal ondulation (N) and, in this work, N was computed based upon data acquired employing receivers at the level reference (RN). The results obtained indicate that special care must be taken during the surveys carried out with the use of GPS receivers on areas with vegetal cover, because it causes interference in the propagation of electromagnetic waves from the satellite which can even make the positioning become unviable. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 itame_oy_dr_botfca.pdf: 795304 bytes, checksum: f5cd4e866ab892ec4c244173b15a3d6e (MD5) / Neste trabalho, foram realizados levantamentos topográficos para a avaliação do efeito da cobertura vegetal, na recepção de sinais GPS, para obtenção de posicionamento tri-dimensional, considerando os estudos realizados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo. Vértices foram implantados em diferentes tipos de uso do solo; em área com pastagem, com plantação de seringueiras e com eucaliptos, e as suas posições determinadas com estação total, nivelamento geométrico e com receptores GPS. Na avaliação do posicionamento altimétrico adotou-se como valores de referência os desníveis determinados com o nivelamento geométrico para avaliação dos dados obtidos com receptores GPS. As coordenadas planimétricas obtidas com receptores GPS foram analisadas utilizando-se com valores de referência os dados obtidos com a estação total. No levantamento topográfico com estação total foram adotadas as prescrições estabelecidas nas Normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) NBR 13.133, Execução de Levantamentos Topográficos, para poligonais do tipo IVP. Foi realizada a análise de exatidão e de precisão do posicionamento tridimensional, adotando como padrão a NBR 13133 da ABNT para a classe do levantamento executado. Para aplicações do GPS na altimetria há necessidade do conhecimento da ondulação geoidal (N), que neste trabalho, para a sua determinação foram coletados dados com receptor na referência de nível (RN). Os resultados obtidos indicam que cuidados especiais devem ser tomados nos levantamentos com receptores GPS em áreas com cobetura vegetal, pois estas interferem na propagação das ondas eletromagnéticas provenientes dos satélites podendo inviabilizar o posicionamento. / In this work, topographic surveys were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of vegetal cover, on the reception of GPS signals, for 3D positioning, considering studies to be made in different types of land use. Points were set up on different types of land use, in areas containing grass, rubber trees and eucalyptus, which had their positions defined using a total station, geometric leveling and GPS receivers In the evaluation of height positioning it was adopted as reference values the height differences determined by geometric levelling in order to evaluate data obtained through GPS receivers. Planimetric coordinates obtained by using GPS receivers were analysed using as reference values the data obtained using a total station. During the topographic survey using a total station the recommendations set up by the Brazilian Association for Technical Rules (ABNT) NBR 13.133, regarding the execution of topographic surveys, for transverses of type IVP. Accuracy and precision analysis was made on the 3D positioning, also considering ABNT NBR 13.133, for the class of topographic survey which was carried out. In order to apply GPS on height positiong it is necessary to know the geoidal ondulation (N) and, in this work, N was computed based upon data acquired employing receivers at the level reference (RN). The results obtained indicate that special care must be taken during the surveys carried out with the use of GPS receivers on areas with vegetal cover, because it causes interference in the propagation of electromagnetic waves from the satellite which can even make the positioning become unviable.