Submitted by Paulo Costa Junior (pcjjjunior@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T13:44:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação pc pronta.pdf: 1122826 bytes, checksum: 27f476a643a7314991a96fe363392779 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-11T18:44:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costajunior_p_me_prud.pdf: 1122826 bytes, checksum: 27f476a643a7314991a96fe363392779 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T18:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costajunior_p_me_prud.pdf: 1122826 bytes, checksum: 27f476a643a7314991a96fe363392779 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de nove meses de duas modalidades de combate no conteúdo (CMO) e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) de adolescentes. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 32 adolescentes, dos quais 17 praticavam judô, 9 praticavam muay thai e 6 faziam parte do grupo controle que passaram por avaliações antropométricas e densitometria óssea seguido de intervenção e reavaliação. A densidade e o conteúdo mineral ósseo foram verificados pelo Dexa. O treinamento das modalidades esportivas de combate tiveram a duração de 9 meses. Na análise estatística foram utilizados a Anova one-way para caracterizar a amostra, o teste t dependente para comparar possíveis mudanças na DMO e CMO de acordo com o tipo de treinamento e a Ancova para comparar o delta percentual dos três grupos. A magnitude das diferenças foi verificada pelo effect-size por meio do Eta-squared. Resultados: O grupo judô apresentou desenvolvimento de todos os seguimentos ósseos ao longo de 9 meses (para as todas variáveis de DMO e CMO, houve significância menor que 0,05), porém o maior destaque ficou com a diferença pré e pós do membros inferiores do grupo muay thai quando comparados ao grupo controle (o delta apresentou significância de 0,041 e Effect size poder grande). Conclusão: De acordo com os achados supracitados, após nove meses de intervenção a modalidade de muay thai contribuiu para maior acúmulo de densidade mineral óssea nos membros inferiores.

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A desnutrição é o distúrbio nutricional mais comum em idosos e está associada ao aumento da mortalidade, da suscetibilidade às infecções e à redução na qualidade de vida. A determinação do estado nutricional de idosos requer métodos acurados e precisos de mensuração dos compartimentos corporais. Alguns fatores, como o consumo de alimentos e líquidos, são tidos como influenciadores do resultado final da análise da composição corporal por alterar o volume de água corporal total do indivíduo. No entanto, a quantidade de líquido, o tempo após a ingestão e quanto isso pode afetar a mensuração no idoso ainda não foram estabelecidos. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se houve mudança na massa corporal magra (MM) e na massa gorda (MG) de idosos eutróficos e desnutridos uma hora após o consumo de alimentos e líquidos. Participaram do estudo 41 homens com idade acima de 60 anos, selecionados no Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, no Centro de Saúde Escola da FMRP-USP (CSE) e em instituições asilares de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Os grupos foram divididos entre eutróficos e desnutridos através do questionário Mini Avaliação Nutricional e as variáveis MM e MG foram avaliadas por impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e absorcimetria de duplo fóton (DEXA). Não houve diferença significativa quando comparamos as variáveis em jejum e uma hora após a alimentação, tanto no grupo de eutróficos como no grupo de desnutridos. Em relação aos grupos, as variáveis: peso, IMC, MM e MG (DEXA/BIA) dos eutróficos foram estatisticamente menores em comparação aos desnutridos. Em relação aos métodos utilizados, comparamos os resultados da MM entre a BIA e a DEXA na população estudada e encontramos uma boa correlação nos idosos eutróficos (r=0,91; p<0,0001) e nos idosos desnutridos (r=0,88; p<0,0001), bem como nos resultados de MG quando comparamos os métodos nos idosos eutróficos e desnutridos (r=0,85, p<0,0001; r=0,71, p<0,0003, respectivamente). Nossos achados indicam que a ingestão de uma refeição leve, não influencia as medidas de composição corporal pelos métodos de DEXA e BIA pelo equipamento monofrequencial em idosos eutróficos ou desnutridos uma hora após o consumo. A BIA produziu resultados estatisticamente similares ao DEXA, o que sugere uma forte associação entre os dois métodos de análise e nos deixa a opção de um recurso de avaliação do estado nutricional mais econômico, fácil e prático de realizar. / Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorder in elderly and it is associated with increased mortality, susceptibility for infections and decreased life quality. Nutritional assessment of elderly requires accurate and precise methods to measure body compartments. Some factors, like food and liquid intake are said to influence final results of body composition evaluation for changing the total body water level of the individual. However, the amount of liquid, time after the ingestion and how it can affect the measure in the elderly, have not been established until now. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify if there were change in fat free mass (FFM) and in fat mass (FM) of eutrophics and malnourished elderlys one hour after food and liquid ingestion. Forty-one men aged above 60 years old, were selected at Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, in the Centro de Saúde Escola - FMRP-USP and in the institutions of elderly in Ribeirão Preto-SP. The group was divided into eutrophics and malnourished using of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the variables FFM and FM, were evaluated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). There was no significant difference when compared those variables in fast and one hour after eating, both eutrophics and malnourished groups. In the groups, the variables: weight, body mass index (BMI), FFM and FM (DEXA/BIA) in the eutrophics were statistically lower when compared to the malnourished group. Comparing the methods DEXA and BIA was found a good correlation of FFM values in eutrophics (r=0.91; p<0.0001) and malnourished group (r=0.88; p<0.0001). In relation to FM was found a good correlation in eutrophics and malnourished group (r=0.85, p<0.0001; r=0.71, p<0.0003, respectively). Our findings indicate that the consume of a light meal, do not influence the evaluation of body composition using DEXA and BIA methods (monofrequency equipment) in eutrophics and malnourished elderly one hour after the consumming. The BIA produced similar statistics results as DEXA, this suggest a strong association between both methods and let us the choice of inexpensive, easier and more practical alternative for nutritional assessment.

A desnutrição é o distúrbio nutricional mais comum em idosos e está associada ao aumento da mortalidade, da suscetibilidade às infecções e à redução na qualidade de vida. A determinação do estado nutricional de idosos requer métodos acurados e precisos de mensuração dos compartimentos corporais. Alguns fatores, como o consumo de alimentos e líquidos, são tidos como influenciadores do resultado final da análise da composição corporal por alterar o volume de água corporal total do indivíduo. No entanto, a quantidade de líquido, o tempo após a ingestão e quanto isso pode afetar a mensuração no idoso ainda não foram estabelecidos. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se houve mudança na massa corporal magra (MM) e na massa gorda (MG) de idosos eutróficos e desnutridos uma hora após o consumo de alimentos e líquidos. Participaram do estudo 41 homens com idade acima de 60 anos, selecionados no Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, no Centro de Saúde Escola da FMRP-USP (CSE) e em instituições asilares de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Os grupos foram divididos entre eutróficos e desnutridos através do questionário Mini Avaliação Nutricional e as variáveis MM e MG foram avaliadas por impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e absorcimetria de duplo fóton (DEXA). Não houve diferença significativa quando comparamos as variáveis em jejum e uma hora após a alimentação, tanto no grupo de eutróficos como no grupo de desnutridos. Em relação aos grupos, as variáveis: peso, IMC, MM e MG (DEXA/BIA) dos eutróficos foram estatisticamente menores em comparação aos desnutridos. Em relação aos métodos utilizados, comparamos os resultados da MM entre a BIA e a DEXA na população estudada e encontramos uma boa correlação nos idosos eutróficos (r=0,91; p<0,0001) e nos idosos desnutridos (r=0,88; p<0,0001), bem como nos resultados de MG quando comparamos os métodos nos idosos eutróficos e desnutridos (r=0,85, p<0,0001; r=0,71, p<0,0003, respectivamente). Nossos achados indicam que a ingestão de uma refeição leve, não influencia as medidas de composição corporal pelos métodos de DEXA e BIA pelo equipamento monofrequencial em idosos eutróficos ou desnutridos uma hora após o consumo. A BIA produziu resultados estatisticamente similares ao DEXA, o que sugere uma forte associação entre os dois métodos de análise e nos deixa a opção de um recurso de avaliação do estado nutricional mais econômico, fácil e prático de realizar. / Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorder in elderly and it is associated with increased mortality, susceptibility for infections and decreased life quality. Nutritional assessment of elderly requires accurate and precise methods to measure body compartments. Some factors, like food and liquid intake are said to influence final results of body composition evaluation for changing the total body water level of the individual. However, the amount of liquid, time after the ingestion and how it can affect the measure in the elderly, have not been established until now. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify if there were change in fat free mass (FFM) and in fat mass (FM) of eutrophics and malnourished elderlys one hour after food and liquid ingestion. Forty-one men aged above 60 years old, were selected at Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, in the Centro de Saúde Escola - FMRP-USP and in the institutions of elderly in Ribeirão Preto-SP. The group was divided into eutrophics and malnourished using of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the variables FFM and FM, were evaluated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). There was no significant difference when compared those variables in fast and one hour after eating, both eutrophics and malnourished groups. In the groups, the variables: weight, body mass index (BMI), FFM and FM (DEXA/BIA) in the eutrophics were statistically lower when compared to the malnourished group. Comparing the methods DEXA and BIA was found a good correlation of FFM values in eutrophics (r=0.91; p<0.0001) and malnourished group (r=0.88; p<0.0001). In relation to FM was found a good correlation in eutrophics and malnourished group (r=0.85, p<0.0001; r=0.71, p<0.0003, respectively). Our findings indicate that the consume of a light meal, do not influence the evaluation of body composition using DEXA and BIA methods (monofrequency equipment) in eutrophics and malnourished elderly one hour after the consumming. The BIA produced similar statistics results as DEXA, this suggest a strong association between both methods and let us the choice of inexpensive, easier and more practical alternative for nutritional assessment.

The present study was designed to determine if BIA and skinfolds could track changes in body composition like DEXA. Fifty male volunteers participated in a 12-week high-intensity resistance-training program. Body composition was assessed using DEXA, skinfolds (SF), and BIA. Results indicate when DEXA was used as the criterion measure; BIA and SF may not be appropriate assessment techniques. BIA and SF significantly overestimated percent fat and fat-weight pre- and post-treatment (p<0.05). Although SF and BIA exhibited acceptable r-values, significant differences were observed between DEXA and BIA and SF (p < 0.0001). These results indicate that DEXA’s ability to track changes in body composition may be more appropriate compared to BIA and SF during and following a resistance-training program. Future studies using hydrostatic weighing are needed to determine if differences observed are the results of DEXA’s accuracy in tracking fat free-weight or the inability of BIA and skinfolds to track changes.

Body fat, regional body fat and bone mineral mass, are linked to health conditions such as obesity and osteoporosis. The ethnic comparison of body composition may help to explain and understand the difference of health outcomes and health status in different ethnic groups. NZ Chinese is the largest Asian group in New Zealand, however, knowledge about health risks and body composition for NZ Chinese is very limited. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were: 1) To compare the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) of European (M29, F37), Maori (M23, F23), Pacific people (M15, F23), and Asian Indian (M29, F25) (existing data) with NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years; 2) To compare fat distribution, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ApSM), bone mineral density (BMD) and limb bone lengths across these five ethnic groups. A convenience sample of healthy NZ Chinese (M20, F23) was selected by BMI to cover a wide range of body fatness. Total and regional body fat, fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral content were measured by whole-body Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The main study findings were: • For a fixed BMI, NZ Chinese had a higher %BF than European and less %BF than Asian Indian. At a %BF equivalent to a BMI of 30 kg.m-2 in Europeans (WHO threshold for obesity), BMI values for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese women were 5.8 and 2.2 BMI units lower than European, respectively, and for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese men, 8.2 and 3.0 BMI units lower. • Abdominal-to-thigh fat ratio of NZ Chinese was significantly higher than that of European (P<0.001) and similar to that of Asian Indian. NZ Chinese had a significantly higher central-to-appendicular fat ratio than both Asian Indian and European (P<0.001). NZ Chinese was centrally fatter than European and Asian Indian. • For the same height and weight, NZ Chinese had significantly less FFM (-2.1 kg, P=0.039) and ApSM (-1.4kg, P=0.007) than European. NZ Chinese had significantly more FFM (+3.2 kg, P=0.001) than Asian Indian and similar ApSM to Asian Indian. • For the same weight, NZ Chinese had a similar BMD as European for female and male. NZ Chinese male had a higher BMD (+0.07 g.cm-2, P= 0.001) than Asian Indian male. • Among the five ethnic groups, NZ Chinese had the shortest leg (-1.5cm, P=0.016) and arm bone lengths (-2.3cm, P=0.001) (measured by DEXA) for the same DEXA height. Therefore, the relationship between percent body fat and BMI for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese differs from Europeans and from each other, which indicates that different BMI thresholds for obesity may be required for these Asian ethnic groups. Given the relatively high percentage body fat, low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and high central fat to appendicular fat ratio of NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years demonstrated in this study, promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is needed to be tailored for NZ Chinese. The NZ Chinese community should be advised to keep fit, prevent limited movements in older age, and to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases.

This Bachelor paper deals with skeletal diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. 24 medieval individuals from the block Banken 1 in Visby, Gotland were chosen for an osteological analysis. Osteoporosis affects the bone with low bone mineral density and can lead to possible fractures and Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. A DEXA reading was done at Dr. Roland Alvarssons Doctorial practice in Visby and the results from the DEXA reading showed that none of the individuals suffered from osteoporosis, but one suffered from osteopenia. Some individuals were x-rayed at Visby hospital and the x-rays were interpreted by Dr. Staffan Jennerholm. The x-ray showed that two individuals suffered from osteoarthritis. You can get a glint into the past and daily life of medieval people with a little help of modern technology like x-ray and DEXA reading.

In recent years, the intermittent, exogenous application of parathyroid hormone fragment has been established as a therapeutic agent for human osteoporosis. The present placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of intermittent, exogenous application of equine parathyroid hormone fragment (ePTH 1-37) on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism in healthy horses. The dose-response relationship and an appropriate daily treatment scheme with ePTH (1-37) were assessed with 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 40 µg ePTH (1-37)/kg BW to provide a basis for long-term ePTH (1-37) application. The dose selection of 0.5 µg ePTH (1-37)/kg KM for long-term application resulted from a short, temporary increase in the ionized blood calcium level after ePTH (1-37) injection and an unimpaired fractional calcium and phosphorus excretion. Higher dosages caused adverse events such as persisting hypercalcemia and general condition disturbance after 2 or 3 days of treatment. In a subsequent attempt, 6 horses each received either ePTH (1-37) or placebo for 120 days by daily subcutaneous injections. The diurnal response of calcium in blood reflected the responsiveness of the target cells to exogenous application of ePTH (1-37). During the observation period, cancellous bone mineral density increased significantly, but showed no differences between ePTH treatment and placebo. After long-term application, parathyroid response and endogenous intact parathyroid hormone release were investigated using Na2EDTA-induced hypocalcemia. Previously ePTH-treated horses showed moderately reduced levels of endogenous intact PTH when compared to those results obtained in the placebo group. Concomitant, ePTH-treated horses appeared to have a more rapid and improverd recovery of calcium homeostasis. In general, the long-term intermittent application of 0.5 µg ePTH (1-37)/kg BW seemed to have no negative effects in healthy horses. The potential area of ePTH application in horses could be osteoporotic stages, for instance, as observed in podotrochlosis and glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.

In recent years, the intermittent, exogenous application of parathyroid hormone fragment has been established as a therapeutic agent for human osteoporosis. The present placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of intermittent, exogenous application of equine parathyroid hormone fragment (ePTH 1-37) on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism in healthy horses. The dose-response relationship and an appropriate daily treatment scheme with ePTH (1-37) were assessed with 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 40 µg ePTH (1-37)/kg BW to provide a basis for long-term ePTH (1-37) application. The dose selection of 0.5 µg ePTH (1-37)/kg KM for long-term application resulted from a short, temporary increase in the ionized blood calcium level after ePTH (1-37) injection and an unimpaired fractional calcium and phosphorus excretion. Higher dosages caused adverse events such as persisting hypercalcemia and general condition disturbance after 2 or 3 days of treatment. In a subsequent attempt, 6 horses each received either ePTH (1-37) or placebo for 120 days by daily subcutaneous injections. The diurnal response of calcium in blood reflected the responsiveness of the target cells to exogenous application of ePTH (1-37). During the observation period, cancellous bone mineral density increased significantly, but showed no differences between ePTH treatment and placebo. After long-term application, parathyroid response and endogenous intact parathyroid hormone release were investigated using Na2EDTA-induced hypocalcemia. Previously ePTH-treated horses showed moderately reduced levels of endogenous intact PTH when compared to those results obtained in the placebo group. Concomitant, ePTH-treated horses appeared to have a more rapid and improverd recovery of calcium homeostasis. In general, the long-term intermittent application of 0.5 µg ePTH (1-37)/kg BW seemed to have no negative effects in healthy horses. The potential area of ePTH application in horses could be osteoporotic stages, for instance, as observed in podotrochlosis and glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.

Body fat, regional body fat and bone mineral mass, are linked to health conditions such as obesity and osteoporosis. The ethnic comparison of body composition may help to explain and understand the difference of health outcomes and health status in different ethnic groups. NZ Chinese is the largest Asian group in New Zealand, however, knowledge about health risks and body composition for NZ Chinese is very limited. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were: 1) To compare the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) of European (M29, F37), Maori (M23, F23), Pacific people (M15, F23), and Asian Indian (M29, F25) (existing data) with NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years; 2) To compare fat distribution, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ApSM), bone mineral density (BMD) and limb bone lengths across these five ethnic groups. A convenience sample of healthy NZ Chinese (M20, F23) was selected by BMI to cover a wide range of body fatness. Total and regional body fat, fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral content were measured by whole-body Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The main study findings were: • For a fixed BMI, NZ Chinese had a higher %BF than European and less %BF than Asian Indian. At a %BF equivalent to a BMI of 30 kg.m-2 in Europeans (WHO threshold for obesity), BMI values for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese women were 5.8 and 2.2 BMI units lower than European, respectively, and for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese men, 8.2 and 3.0 BMI units lower. • Abdominal-to-thigh fat ratio of NZ Chinese was significantly higher than that of European (P<0.001) and similar to that of Asian Indian. NZ Chinese had a significantly higher central-to-appendicular fat ratio than both Asian Indian and European (P<0.001). NZ Chinese was centrally fatter than European and Asian Indian. • For the same height and weight, NZ Chinese had significantly less FFM (-2.1 kg, P=0.039) and ApSM (-1.4kg, P=0.007) than European. NZ Chinese had significantly more FFM (+3.2 kg, P=0.001) than Asian Indian and similar ApSM to Asian Indian. • For the same weight, NZ Chinese had a similar BMD as European for female and male. NZ Chinese male had a higher BMD (+0.07 g.cm-2, P= 0.001) than Asian Indian male. • Among the five ethnic groups, NZ Chinese had the shortest leg (-1.5cm, P=0.016) and arm bone lengths (-2.3cm, P=0.001) (measured by DEXA) for the same DEXA height. Therefore, the relationship between percent body fat and BMI for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese differs from Europeans and from each other, which indicates that different BMI thresholds for obesity may be required for these Asian ethnic groups. Given the relatively high percentage body fat, low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and high central fat to appendicular fat ratio of NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years demonstrated in this study, promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is needed to be tailored for NZ Chinese. The NZ Chinese community should be advised to keep fit, prevent limited movements in older age, and to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases.