The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nutritional support on energy expenditure and nutritional substrates oxidation, focused on proteins and nitrogen balance, in ventilated polytraumatized patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The study was performed on 15 critically ill patients (12 men and 3 women), their average age was 43,6 ± 17,5 years. 7 patients were examinated without nutritional support, 8 patients were examinated after administration of hypocaloric nutritional support. The examination of fasting patients was conducted after at least 4 hours of fasting. The examination of patients with nutritional support were conducted after at least 4 hours of nutritional support administration. Energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure and nutritional substrates oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. After statistical analysis of measured data was found, that administration of hypocaloric nutritional support did not significantly influence nutritional substrates oxidation. Protein intake correlated with total nitrogen balance (p = 0,0133) and muscular condition. Results suggest, that administered proteins were partly used as source of energy instead of muscle protein and partly used a different way, e.g. for tissue reparation. Therefore, nutritional support...

Powerlifting is the sport of maximal effort of back squat, bench press and deadlift. The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal body composition of female powerlifters. Body composition measurements were taken on the day of competition on women who competed in a raw powerlifting meet in United States Powerlifting Federation using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants’ powerlifting experience ranged from novice to world-class lifters. One hundred ninetyive women completed the study and ages ranged from 18 to 75 years old. Mean body fat percentage (BF%) of all powerlifters was 31.21% and body mass index was 26.68. Results showed an increase in BF% as weight classes increased from 47 kg to 84+ kg weight class. Novice lifters had 34 BF% and elite lifters had 31.1 BF% Women who had a high BF% could lift more based on their powerlifting total. Body composition varied among the women powerlifters.

A desnutrição é o distúrbio nutricional mais comum em idosos e está associada ao aumento da mortalidade, da suscetibilidade às infecções e à redução na qualidade de vida. A determinação do estado nutricional de idosos requer métodos acurados e precisos de mensuração dos compartimentos corporais. Alguns fatores, como o consumo de alimentos e líquidos, são tidos como influenciadores do resultado final da análise da composição corporal por alterar o volume de água corporal total do indivíduo. No entanto, a quantidade de líquido, o tempo após a ingestão e quanto isso pode afetar a mensuração no idoso ainda não foram estabelecidos. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se houve mudança na massa corporal magra (MM) e na massa gorda (MG) de idosos eutróficos e desnutridos uma hora após o consumo de alimentos e líquidos. Participaram do estudo 41 homens com idade acima de 60 anos, selecionados no Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, no Centro de Saúde Escola da FMRP-USP (CSE) e em instituições asilares de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Os grupos foram divididos entre eutróficos e desnutridos através do questionário Mini Avaliação Nutricional e as variáveis MM e MG foram avaliadas por impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e absorcimetria de duplo fóton (DEXA). Não houve diferença significativa quando comparamos as variáveis em jejum e uma hora após a alimentação, tanto no grupo de eutróficos como no grupo de desnutridos. Em relação aos grupos, as variáveis: peso, IMC, MM e MG (DEXA/BIA) dos eutróficos foram estatisticamente menores em comparação aos desnutridos. Em relação aos métodos utilizados, comparamos os resultados da MM entre a BIA e a DEXA na população estudada e encontramos uma boa correlação nos idosos eutróficos (r=0,91; p<0,0001) e nos idosos desnutridos (r=0,88; p<0,0001), bem como nos resultados de MG quando comparamos os métodos nos idosos eutróficos e desnutridos (r=0,85, p<0,0001; r=0,71, p<0,0003, respectivamente). Nossos achados indicam que a ingestão de uma refeição leve, não influencia as medidas de composição corporal pelos métodos de DEXA e BIA pelo equipamento monofrequencial em idosos eutróficos ou desnutridos uma hora após o consumo. A BIA produziu resultados estatisticamente similares ao DEXA, o que sugere uma forte associação entre os dois métodos de análise e nos deixa a opção de um recurso de avaliação do estado nutricional mais econômico, fácil e prático de realizar. / Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorder in elderly and it is associated with increased mortality, susceptibility for infections and decreased life quality. Nutritional assessment of elderly requires accurate and precise methods to measure body compartments. Some factors, like food and liquid intake are said to influence final results of body composition evaluation for changing the total body water level of the individual. However, the amount of liquid, time after the ingestion and how it can affect the measure in the elderly, have not been established until now. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify if there were change in fat free mass (FFM) and in fat mass (FM) of eutrophics and malnourished elderlys one hour after food and liquid ingestion. Forty-one men aged above 60 years old, were selected at Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, in the Centro de Saúde Escola - FMRP-USP and in the institutions of elderly in Ribeirão Preto-SP. The group was divided into eutrophics and malnourished using of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the variables FFM and FM, were evaluated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). There was no significant difference when compared those variables in fast and one hour after eating, both eutrophics and malnourished groups. In the groups, the variables: weight, body mass index (BMI), FFM and FM (DEXA/BIA) in the eutrophics were statistically lower when compared to the malnourished group. Comparing the methods DEXA and BIA was found a good correlation of FFM values in eutrophics (r=0.91; p<0.0001) and malnourished group (r=0.88; p<0.0001). In relation to FM was found a good correlation in eutrophics and malnourished group (r=0.85, p<0.0001; r=0.71, p<0.0003, respectively). Our findings indicate that the consume of a light meal, do not influence the evaluation of body composition using DEXA and BIA methods (monofrequency equipment) in eutrophics and malnourished elderly one hour after the consumming. The BIA produced similar statistics results as DEXA, this suggest a strong association between both methods and let us the choice of inexpensive, easier and more practical alternative for nutritional assessment.

A desnutrição é o distúrbio nutricional mais comum em idosos e está associada ao aumento da mortalidade, da suscetibilidade às infecções e à redução na qualidade de vida. A determinação do estado nutricional de idosos requer métodos acurados e precisos de mensuração dos compartimentos corporais. Alguns fatores, como o consumo de alimentos e líquidos, são tidos como influenciadores do resultado final da análise da composição corporal por alterar o volume de água corporal total do indivíduo. No entanto, a quantidade de líquido, o tempo após a ingestão e quanto isso pode afetar a mensuração no idoso ainda não foram estabelecidos. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se houve mudança na massa corporal magra (MM) e na massa gorda (MG) de idosos eutróficos e desnutridos uma hora após o consumo de alimentos e líquidos. Participaram do estudo 41 homens com idade acima de 60 anos, selecionados no Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, no Centro de Saúde Escola da FMRP-USP (CSE) e em instituições asilares de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Os grupos foram divididos entre eutróficos e desnutridos através do questionário Mini Avaliação Nutricional e as variáveis MM e MG foram avaliadas por impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e absorcimetria de duplo fóton (DEXA). Não houve diferença significativa quando comparamos as variáveis em jejum e uma hora após a alimentação, tanto no grupo de eutróficos como no grupo de desnutridos. Em relação aos grupos, as variáveis: peso, IMC, MM e MG (DEXA/BIA) dos eutróficos foram estatisticamente menores em comparação aos desnutridos. Em relação aos métodos utilizados, comparamos os resultados da MM entre a BIA e a DEXA na população estudada e encontramos uma boa correlação nos idosos eutróficos (r=0,91; p<0,0001) e nos idosos desnutridos (r=0,88; p<0,0001), bem como nos resultados de MG quando comparamos os métodos nos idosos eutróficos e desnutridos (r=0,85, p<0,0001; r=0,71, p<0,0003, respectivamente). Nossos achados indicam que a ingestão de uma refeição leve, não influencia as medidas de composição corporal pelos métodos de DEXA e BIA pelo equipamento monofrequencial em idosos eutróficos ou desnutridos uma hora após o consumo. A BIA produziu resultados estatisticamente similares ao DEXA, o que sugere uma forte associação entre os dois métodos de análise e nos deixa a opção de um recurso de avaliação do estado nutricional mais econômico, fácil e prático de realizar. / Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorder in elderly and it is associated with increased mortality, susceptibility for infections and decreased life quality. Nutritional assessment of elderly requires accurate and precise methods to measure body compartments. Some factors, like food and liquid intake are said to influence final results of body composition evaluation for changing the total body water level of the individual. However, the amount of liquid, time after the ingestion and how it can affect the measure in the elderly, have not been established until now. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify if there were change in fat free mass (FFM) and in fat mass (FM) of eutrophics and malnourished elderlys one hour after food and liquid ingestion. Forty-one men aged above 60 years old, were selected at Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, in the Centro de Saúde Escola - FMRP-USP and in the institutions of elderly in Ribeirão Preto-SP. The group was divided into eutrophics and malnourished using of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the variables FFM and FM, were evaluated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). There was no significant difference when compared those variables in fast and one hour after eating, both eutrophics and malnourished groups. In the groups, the variables: weight, body mass index (BMI), FFM and FM (DEXA/BIA) in the eutrophics were statistically lower when compared to the malnourished group. Comparing the methods DEXA and BIA was found a good correlation of FFM values in eutrophics (r=0.91; p<0.0001) and malnourished group (r=0.88; p<0.0001). In relation to FM was found a good correlation in eutrophics and malnourished group (r=0.85, p<0.0001; r=0.71, p<0.0003, respectively). Our findings indicate that the consume of a light meal, do not influence the evaluation of body composition using DEXA and BIA methods (monofrequency equipment) in eutrophics and malnourished elderly one hour after the consumming. The BIA produced similar statistics results as DEXA, this suggest a strong association between both methods and let us the choice of inexpensive, easier and more practical alternative for nutritional assessment.

The present study was designed to determine if BIA and skinfolds could track changes in body composition like DEXA. Fifty male volunteers participated in a 12-week high-intensity resistance-training program. Body composition was assessed using DEXA, skinfolds (SF), and BIA. Results indicate when DEXA was used as the criterion measure; BIA and SF may not be appropriate assessment techniques. BIA and SF significantly overestimated percent fat and fat-weight pre- and post-treatment (p<0.05). Although SF and BIA exhibited acceptable r-values, significant differences were observed between DEXA and BIA and SF (p < 0.0001). These results indicate that DEXA’s ability to track changes in body composition may be more appropriate compared to BIA and SF during and following a resistance-training program. Future studies using hydrostatic weighing are needed to determine if differences observed are the results of DEXA’s accuracy in tracking fat free-weight or the inability of BIA and skinfolds to track changes.

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine aktuelle Dokumentation von Körperbau, Körperzusammensetzung und Ernährungsgewohnheiten an 708 jüngeren und älteren Männern und Frauen aus dem Bundesland Brandenburg. Der Körperbau wurde über ein 42 Längen-, Breiten-, Tiefen- und Umfangsmaße umfassendes anthropometrisches Untersuchungsprogramm bestimmt. Die Einschätzung von Gesamtkörperfettanteil und Magermasse erfolgte mit zwei Feldmethoden, der Hautfaltendickenmessung und der bioelektrischen Impedanzanalyse. Mit Hilfe eines semiquantitativen Fragebogens zu den Ernährungsgewohnheiten wurde der Lebensmittelverzehr erfasst und daraus die Energie- und Nährstoffaufnahme berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zum Körperbau zeigen im Mittel eine Abnahme der Längenmaße, jedoch eine Zunahme der Breiten-, Tiefen- und Umfangsmaße mit steigendem Erwachsenenalter. Einfache Parameter zur Beurteilung des Ernährungszustandes, wie Körpermasse und Body-Mass-Index (BMI) nehmen im Alter geschlechtsspezifisch zu. Nach den Richtlinien der WHO für den BMI gelten 55,3% der untersuchten Männern als übergewichtig, davon 10% als adipös. Von allen untersuchten Frauen sind 41,6% übergewichtig, davon sind 14,3% adipös. Der Anteil der Übergewichtigen ist zwar beim weiblichen Geschlecht geringer, aber dafür haben mehr Frauen die Grenze zur Adipositas überschritten. Für eine wissenschaftlich exakte Beurteilung des Ernährungszustandes reichen Körpermasse und BMI nicht aus, da sie die Körperzusammensetzung nicht bzw. nicht genügend berücksichtigen. Die subkutane Fettschichtdicke nimmt insbesondere am Rumpf zu, was als zusätzliches Gesundheitsrisiko gilt. Der Gesamtkörperfettanteil steigt im Erwachsenenalter abhängig von der Berechnungsmethode an. Die untersuchten Frauen sind gegenüber den Männern in allen Altersgruppen durch einen etwa ein Drittel höheren Körperfettanteil gekennzeichnet. Die tägliche Nahrungsenergieaufnahme der untersuchten Personen lässt eine abnehmende Tendenz bis zum 65. Lebensjahr erkennen. Trotz einer sinkenden Nahrungsenergieaufnahme im Alter, nimmt der BMI zu. Mögliche Ursachen hierfür werden in der Arbeit diskutiert. Der Anteil der Grundnährstoffe an der Energiebereitstellung entspricht in keiner der untersuchten Gruppen den Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung. Allgemein ist der Fettkonsum zu hoch und der Kohlenhydratanteil zu gering. Das zeigt sich besonders in den beiden mittleren untersuchten Altersgruppen und bei den Männern stärker als bei den Frauen. / The objective of the present study was an analysis of body build, body composition and nutritional habits. 708 young and elderly men and women of Germany (Brandenburg) have been examined. The test persons underwent a detailed anthropometric examination encompassing 42 length, breadth, depth and circumference measurements. The total body fat and lean body mass were determined by means of two field methods - skinfold thickness measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The results concerning body build show on average a decrease of length measurements, however, an increase of breadths, depths and circumferences during adult age. Simple parameters for estimation of nutritional status like Body mass and Body-Mass-Index (BMI) rise during adulthood clearly depending on sex. Following the BMI-recommendations of the WHO 55.3% of men investigated are overweight out of this 10% are adipose. From all women investigated 41.6% are overweight out of this 14.6% are obese or adipose. The portion of overweight persons is certainly lower in women but on the other hand women exceed more often the limit of adiposity. For a scientifically correct assessment of the nutritional status body mass and BMI are not sufficient because body composition is not included. Subcutaneous fat layer increases in particular at the trunk. This abdominal fat distribution is an additional health risk. Total body fat increases during adult age depending on the method used. Women show in all investigated age groups a significantly higher total body fat content compared with men (about one third more). During adulthood the energy intake in men and women tends to decrease more and more. Energy intake and BMI show an inverse trend: While energy intake decreases by age, the BMI rises. Possible reasons for that were discussed. Intake of basic nutrients does not meet the recommendations of the German Association of Nutrition. In general the intake of fat is too high and the intake of carbohydrates is too low. This can be especially seen in the two middle-aged groups investigated. In men this unhealthy trend is higher than in women.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att göra en jämförelse mellan uppmätt A-temp och framräknad A-temp. A-temp är ett area begrepp som används när man räknar ut byggnadens energianvändning i kWh per m2 och år, vid upprättande av energideklarationer.   För att få fram A-temp kan man mäta upp den men det är också tillåtet att räkna fram den från existerande area enheter. Vilket är lättare och går snabbare men kan ge något fel area värde.   Det jag fann i undersökningarna var att för de undersöknings objekt jag haft så är det oftast inte så stor skillnad mellan uppmätt och framräknad A-temp. Störst skillnad blev det i de fall där A-temp räknades fram från BOA och LOA, där den i ett par av fallen uppgick till nästan 15%.   För att göra undersökningarna har jag själv, mätt upp A-temp på ritningar samtidigt som jag räknat fram A-temp från existerande area mått som BOA+LOA, BRA eller BTA, därefter har jag jämfört värdena. / The main purpose of this paper was to compare the measured A-temp with the calculated A-temp. A–temp is an area term used in Sweden when calculating the buildings energy usage while performing energy assessments.To obtain A-temp you can measure it, this way you will get the exact value. Or you can calculate it, from other already existing area measurements. It is easier and more time efficient to calculate A-temp but it may deviate from the real A-temp.What I found in my study was that for most of the buildings I had chosen, there was not a very big deviation, between measured and calculated A-temp. The largest difference was when calculating A-temp from BOA+LOA when in two of the cases there were differences of 15 %.When doing this study, I have measured A-temp for the buildings, on blueprints. I have calculated A-temp from already measured area and compared them to each other.

Working environment is becoming an increasingly important subject in Sweden and especially in the construction industry. The reduction of accidents is a long-term task and part of achieving this is to report incidents that may cause an accident. Reporting of incidents and risk observations is seen as a tool for working proactively against accidents. In order to handle and compile these reports, a system is required. Currently JM is using a web-based system, BIA, and this is also used by many other companies within the industry. One problem according to JM is that the amount of reports are too few compared to how many incidents that actually occur at construction sites. Another is that some of the reports that come in have too little information or contains incorrect information. An interview study was conducted to find out what those working on construction sites think about incident reporting. The study was conducted in the regions Stockholm Nord and Region Öst, Uppsala. A result from the interviews is that reporting in the BIA can be considered as tedious and sometimes confusing. There are a number of improvements that should be implemented to make the process smoother. Amongst them is to make the program more user friendly and make it clearer. Some employees also lack the knowledge to differ between different types of incidents.

Crucial goal of this diploma thesis was to study nourishment issues of students at Czech Universities and compare results with figures taken from central Europe location. Further objectives were to characterize segments of human body, select risk parameters and characterize the method of bioelectric impedance. In practical part of this thesis was made analysis, which showed changes of the students' body composition during their studies at Mendel University. Measuring were made by bioelectric impendance using Bodystat QuadScan 4000. Analysis took place from the beginning of March 2013 to the end of September 2013. Students undertook three measurements, which were compared afterwards. Mainly were observed changes in Body Mass Index, Waist Hip Ratio, weight, fat content, amount of active body mass, water capacity and water separation to extracellular and intracellular. In between first, second and third (3/2013, 5/2013, 9/2013) measurements, were not proven any statistic differences (p > 0,05) in observed corporal parameters. Practical part includes also questionnaires, which were made in order to find out students' eating habits, physical ability and presence of illnesses in their family. Last point of the practical part is students' diet evaluation in Fit Line program, there were discovered preferences of groups of food, energy distribution and nutritive composition of each meal measured during one day. Statistically conclusive difference of saccharids (p < 0,05) was detected in all meal portions. Obtained date, were evaluated in Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistika Cz, version 12.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T14:11:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8893_DISSERTAÇÃO_Lucinei.pdf: 673791 bytes, checksum: 183d5b87ec38a9f5f458d9a256b0bd41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / A presente dissertação objetivou investigar como a escritora Ana Maria Machado (1941) aborda questões relacionadas ao feminino por meio de sua literatura. Para tanto, tomou-se como corpus para esta pesquisa a obra Bisa Bia, Bisa Bel, publicada pela primeira vez em 1982. A partir dela, buscou-se evidenciar a representação cultural do feminino, em dado momento histórico e, consequentemente, as nuanças transformadoras da mulher, vincada em uma sociedade androcêntrica. Em nível temático, essa narrativa desnuda sinais da altivez de figuras femininas que romperam com as convenções impostas pela sociedade patriarcalista. Possibilitando e estabelecendo um diálogo entre três gerações de mulheres Bisa Bia, Isabel e Neta Beta , o universo ficcional dessa literatura infanto-juvenil apresenta-se como campo fértil para questionamentos acerca da realidade patriarcal. Tendo-se isso em vista, buscou-se como arcabouço teórico, para fundamentar esta análise, os ensinamentos de Pierre Bourdieu, de Michelle Perrot, de Simone de Beauvoir, de Mikhail Bakhtin, de Antonio Candido, dentre outros.