This study examines a possible relationship between Total Body Water (TBW) levels, osteoarthritic pain and functional performance in a sample of untrained adults. Participants complete a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, TBW is measured using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance (SF-BIA) and strength, balance and physical function are measured by the completion of 7 standardized functional tests. Participants in this study will include adult men and women, age 35 years and older, who have been previously diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (OA) in the hip or knee, or who score 35 or higher on the WOMAC. This study aims to determine if TBW values, specifically its intracellular compartment (ICW), will have a relationship to WOMAC scores and if intracellular water (ICW) will have a positive correlation to participants’ overall performance on balance, strength, and physical function tests. It is hypothesized that the data will show a negative correlation between ICW and WOMAC scores and a positive correlation between ICW and performance on balance, strength and physical function tests. Little research exists on the relationship between TBW and functional performance in older adults; particularly those whose TBW may be affected by inflammatory conditions such as OA. A goal of this study is to contribute to existing research on the relationship between performance and TBW, while providing insight and data on this relationship in an untrained population.

No description available.

Para determinar baixas concentrações de chumbo, oriundo de resíduos de disparo de armas de fogo, aplicou-se a voltametria de redissolução anódica, ASV, com pulso diferencial, PD, para detecção do metal em eletrodo de gota pendente de mercúrio, EGPM. A etapa de redução se dava a -0,6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, durante 25s, com imediata varredura até -0,3V vs. Ag/AgCl. O pico de reoxidação do chumbo surgia a -0,42V vs. Ag/AgCl. A injeção de amostras foi bastante facilitada pela aplicação do sistema de análise por injeção em banho, BIA onde um pequeno volume de amostra é injetado, com o auxílio de um micropipetador automático, diretamente sobre um detector imerso em um volume várias vezes maior que aquele da amostra. Com o intuito de estender a técnica ao EGPM comercial, um adaptador simples, em forma de J, foi desenvolvido e aplicado, o qual dirige o fluxo descendente do micropipetador para cima, diretamente sobre a gota de mercúrio. Foi dada a presença de chumbo, da ordem de 1 ppm, quando se amestrava as mãos encontro de voluntários, do Instituto de Criminalística da Polícia Científica do Estado de São Paulo, com tiras de fita crepe antes e depois de um conjunto de disparos. A extração do chumbo foi feita através da agitação de cada tira de fita crepe, apoiada em tela de Nylon®, com uma mistura de clorofórmio e HCl 0,1 M, com a fase aquosa sendo levada a posterior análise. Outros métodos de coleta também foram testados. Nota-se, também, que é possível determinar o mesmo analito em sistemas de injeção em fluxo, após desoxigenação do eletrólito suporte. Com o uso da técnica de pulso reverso, a desoxigenação pode se tornar desnecessária. / In order to determine low concentrations of lead, originated from gunshot residues, anodic stripping voltammetry, ASV, with differential pulse, DP, was applied to detect the metal in a hanging mercury drop electrode, HMDE. The reduction step was done at -0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, for 25s, followed by the immediate scan up to -0.3V vs. Ag/AgCl. The reoxidation current peak appeared at -0.42V vs. Ag/AgCl. The injection of samples was greatly facilitated by the application of the batch injection analysis system, BIA, where a small sample volume is injected, with the aid of an automatic micropipettor, directly onto the detector, which is immersed in a volume many times larger than the sample. Aiming the application of the technique with commercial HMDE, a simple J-shaped adapter was developed and applied, which directs upwards the descending flow of the micropipettor, rightly over the mercury drop surface. The presence of lead was observed at around 1 ppm, after sampling the hands of volunteers, from the Institute of Criminalistics of the Scientific Police of São Paulo State, with strips of adhesive tapes before and after a set of gunshots. Lead extraction was performed shaking each strip, over a Nylon® screen, in a mixture containing chloroform and HCl 0.lM, with the posterior analysis of the aqueous phase. Other collection methods were also tried. It is also possible to determine the same analyte in a flow injection system, after the deoxygenation of the supporting electrolyte. With the aid of the reverse pulse technique, the deoxygenation may become unnecessary.

The study aimed at getting a grass root opinion on poverty and why Ghana is still poor after 50 years of independence in spite of her richness in natural resources, second largest producer of cocoa in the word and appreciable stable political environment. The opinions of the ordinary people in the Bia district and their observed living conditions was analysed in line with theoretical basis of the study and previous studies to justify the stance that poverty should be considered as an abuse of human rights. It was concluded based on position of informants and previous data available that though many factors have been raised by previous scholars as the cause of poverty, the actions and inactions of both internal and external power-holders is the main source of poverty in Ghana. It was proposed that for poverty to be reduced in a sustainable way there should be strong civil society groups and active citizens through civic education to hold power-holders accountable. Until the actions and inactions of power-holders which have subjected many Ghanaians into intergenerational poverty are seen as human rights abuse, the rights of many Ghanaians would be constantly abused. This will eventually defeat the promotion of human rights culture in Ghana.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-68).

Para determinar baixas concentrações de chumbo, oriundo de resíduos de disparo de armas de fogo, aplicou-se a voltametria de redissolução anódica, ASV, com pulso diferencial, PD, para detecção do metal em eletrodo de gota pendente de mercúrio, EGPM. A etapa de redução se dava a -0,6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, durante 25s, com imediata varredura até -0,3V vs. Ag/AgCl. O pico de reoxidação do chumbo surgia a -0,42V vs. Ag/AgCl. A injeção de amostras foi bastante facilitada pela aplicação do sistema de análise por injeção em banho, BIA onde um pequeno volume de amostra é injetado, com o auxílio de um micropipetador automático, diretamente sobre um detector imerso em um volume várias vezes maior que aquele da amostra. Com o intuito de estender a técnica ao EGPM comercial, um adaptador simples, em forma de J, foi desenvolvido e aplicado, o qual dirige o fluxo descendente do micropipetador para cima, diretamente sobre a gota de mercúrio. Foi dada a presença de chumbo, da ordem de 1 ppm, quando se amestrava as mãos encontro de voluntários, do Instituto de Criminalística da Polícia Científica do Estado de São Paulo, com tiras de fita crepe antes e depois de um conjunto de disparos. A extração do chumbo foi feita através da agitação de cada tira de fita crepe, apoiada em tela de Nylon®, com uma mistura de clorofórmio e HCl 0,1 M, com a fase aquosa sendo levada a posterior análise. Outros métodos de coleta também foram testados. Nota-se, também, que é possível determinar o mesmo analito em sistemas de injeção em fluxo, após desoxigenação do eletrólito suporte. Com o uso da técnica de pulso reverso, a desoxigenação pode se tornar desnecessária. / In order to determine low concentrations of lead, originated from gunshot residues, anodic stripping voltammetry, ASV, with differential pulse, DP, was applied to detect the metal in a hanging mercury drop electrode, HMDE. The reduction step was done at -0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, for 25s, followed by the immediate scan up to -0.3V vs. Ag/AgCl. The reoxidation current peak appeared at -0.42V vs. Ag/AgCl. The injection of samples was greatly facilitated by the application of the batch injection analysis system, BIA, where a small sample volume is injected, with the aid of an automatic micropipettor, directly onto the detector, which is immersed in a volume many times larger than the sample. Aiming the application of the technique with commercial HMDE, a simple J-shaped adapter was developed and applied, which directs upwards the descending flow of the micropipettor, rightly over the mercury drop surface. The presence of lead was observed at around 1 ppm, after sampling the hands of volunteers, from the Institute of Criminalistics of the Scientific Police of São Paulo State, with strips of adhesive tapes before and after a set of gunshots. Lead extraction was performed shaking each strip, over a Nylon® screen, in a mixture containing chloroform and HCl 0.lM, with the posterior analysis of the aqueous phase. Other collection methods were also tried. It is also possible to determine the same analyte in a flow injection system, after the deoxygenation of the supporting electrolyte. With the aid of the reverse pulse technique, the deoxygenation may become unnecessary.

The construction industry is an exciting and community developing industry, but it is also very much talked about because of the high injury frequency that the industry is characterized by. As a part of preventing accidents at work, the employer conducts systematic work environment work to detect risky parts of the work and to remedy these. Despite the elimination of risks at work, accidents and incidents - so-called deviations in the working environment - occur. Deviations in the working environment must be reported immediately to the employer. Within the company that is subject of this study, the deviations are reported and stored a system called BIA. BIA enables, based on the deviation reports, to create statistical data for the company with respect to different parameters. This report is based on this deviation statistics with regard to accidents and incidents, produced from the reporting tool BIA. The study has investigated in which stages/phases incidents and accidents occur, which work operations that cause incidents and accidents, as well as injury risks and causes of injury behind accidents and incidents. The majority of the company's incidents and accidents occur during construction projects, production and land work. Incidents are caused by work tasks such as excavation work, work at/with passing vehicle traffic and movement within the area. Accidents are caused by work at/by machine, manual handling of material / product and work at/with handheld work equipment. The damage risks in the event of incidents are vehicle accidents, hit by falling or flying objects and stuck or clamped between objects. The causes of injury caused by accidents are damage by self-handled objects, fall at the same level and contact with sharp objects. Fall from height and fall at the same level are the cause of damage in a large part of the accidents. The result of the study also shows that the information given in the event reports in BIA, either lacks of information or that the information is inadequate. / Byggbranschen är en spännande och samhällsutvecklande bransch, men den är också mycket omtalad med anledning av den höga skadefrekvens som branschen karakteriseras av. Som ett led i att förebygga olyckor i arbetet bedriver arbetsgivaren ett systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete för att upptäcka riskabla moment i arbetet samt åtgärda dessa. Trots eliminering av risker i arbetet, inträffar olycksfall och tillbud – så kallade avvikelser i arbetsmiljön. Avvikelser i arbetsmiljön skall omedelbart rapporteras till arbetsgivaren. Inom det företag som utgör föremål för denna studie rapporteras och lagras avvikelserna i ett system som kallas för BIA. BIA möjliggör att, utifrån avvikelserapporter, skapa statistiskt underlag för företaget med avseende på olika parametrar. Denna rapport är baserad på denna avvikelsestatistik med avseende på olycksfall och tillbud, framtaget ur rapporteringsverktyget BIA. Studien har undersökt i vilka skeden/faser tillbud och olycksfall inträffar, vilka arbetsmoment som föranleder tillbud och olycksfall samt skaderisker och skadeorsaker bakom tillbud och olycksfall. Majoriteten av företagets tillbud och olycksfall inträffar vid anläggningsprojekt, produktion och markarbete. Tillbud föranleds av arbetsmoment som schaktningsarbete, arbete vid/med passerande fordonstrafik samt förflyttning inom området. Olycksfall föranleds av arbete vid/med maskin, manuell hantering av material/produkt samt arbete vid/med handhållen arbetsutrustning. Skaderiskerna vid inträffade tillbud är fordonsolycka, träffas av fallande eller flygande föremål samt fastnat eller klämts mellan föremål. De skadeorsaker som olycksfall innebär är skada av egenhanterat föremål, fall i samma nivå samt kontakt med vasst föremål. Fall från höjd och fall i samma nivå utgör orsak till skada i en stor del av olycksfallen. Resultatet av studien visar också att det saknas information i de händelserapporteringar som inkommer i BIA, alternativt är den tillgängliga informationen bristfällig.

No description available.

Background: In 2014, there were nearly 2 billon overweight people around the world. This causes excessive costs for the society and is also a threat to the human condition. In recent time, there has been an increase of understanding the individual parts of the body composition. One method to measure body composition is using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. The current recommendation is to measure during fasting conditions. However, there are few studies that have investigated a meal’s effect on body composition measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, and those studies have presented varying results. If a bioelectrical impedance analyzer could be used without previous fasting, it would increase the use and utility of bioelectrical impedance analyzers. This could in turn, for example, reduce waiting lists in hospitals where bioelectrical impedance analyzers are used. Aim: The main aim of this study was to investigate a meal’s effect on body composition when measured with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. The secondary aim was to investigate the correlation between skeletal muscle mass and hand grip strength when using a bioelectrical impedance analysis and a hand-held dynamometer respectively, during fasting conditions. Methods: In this present study, 27 subjects in the age of 21-59 years old participated. The subjects arrived at the laboratory in the morning during fasting conditions. Firstly, a bioelectrical impedance analyze and a hand grip strength test were completed. Thereafter, all subjects ate a meal containing at least 500 kcal. The following bioelectrical impedance analysis were completed 60, 90 and 120 minutes’ post meal intake. The data was then analyzed in SPSS version 20 through a paired T-test and a Pearson correlation test respectively. Results: The results showed that all body composition parameters investigated in this present study, except for minerals, not were statistically different 90 minutes after a meal intake containing at least 500 kcal, compared to the fasting condition, when measured with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Furthermore, a moderate correlation was found between hand grip strength and skeletal muscle mass for women. The same correlation was found weak for men. Conclusion: The results from this present study indicates that it is possible to measure body composition with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer 90 minutes’ post meal intake, except for minerals. Also, it indicates that a hand grip strength test is not a valid test for measuring skeletal muscle mass.

The main objective of my thesis was evaluate the two-month motion reduction program by determining changes in body fat of fitness clients. The study included a total of 61 persons from that 29 men and 32 women. Used were basic anthropometric methods - calliperation method and calculation of percent body fat according to Pařízková, bioelectric impedance BIA, calculating the percentage of body fat according to Deurenberg and BMI. The study foresees reduction program success (reduction in body weight, body fat and BMI values for all participants of the investigation file), the possibility of using regression equations establishing the percentage of body fat in terms of fitness, improvement of physical and mental well-being of clients and increasing the motivation for the next sport activities. Keywords: body fat, %fat Pařízková, %fat Deurenberg, BIA, BMI