This thesis deals with the conjoint analysis in the context of the possibilities for its use in social science research. The mentioned method is introduced in detail and the text covers both the historical development and statistical background of each type of this analysis. Following practical part of thesis deals with the ability to overcome some typical data validity issues such as social desirability and order effect. Hypotheses, formulated on the basis of literature, are being tested using data obtained from split ballot experiment by comparing outcomes of conjoint analysis with those obtained with conventional rating scales. As the main topic of the conducted study is measuring preferences within individual aspects of ideal job, analysis no surprisingly identifies the salary as the most important attribute, but besides this, conjoint analysis shows potential for being more resistant to the order effect than the standard rating scales.

A superpattern is a string of characters of length n over [k]={1, 2, …, k} that contains as a subsequence, and in a sense that depends on the context, all the smaller strings of length k in a certain class. We prove structural and probabilistic results on superpatterns for preferential arrangements, including (i) a theorem that demonstrates that a string is a superpattern for all preferential arrangements if and only if it is a superpattern for all permutations; and (ii) a result that is reminiscent of a still unresolved conjecture of Alon on the smallest permutation on [n] that contains all k-permutations with high probability.

<p> The thickening and classifying characteristics of small size hydrocyclones were investigatedo Test slurries, consisting of mixed cultures of microorganisms in water. were partitioned into two fractions by hydrocyclones ranginq in size from 2 mm to 10 mm body diameter which operated at inlet pressures ranging from 80 to 200 psi and volume splits ranginq from 1.0 to 3.0. </p> <p> The classtfyino response was defined in terms of the relative magnitudes of the specific growth rate of the two fractions as determined by coincident observation of duplicate batch biological reactors each seeded with one portion of the partitioned slurry. </p> <p> The thickening response was defined by the Rietema-Tenbergen separation efficiency. </p> <p> The biokinetic aspects of this investigation are emphasized in this manuscript. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第24039号 / 情博第795号 / 新制||情||134(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 下平 英寿, 教授 田中 利幸, 教授 加納 学 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Surface water-groundwater interaction can provide various stream functions including temperature regulation, nutrient cycling, pollutant attenuation, and habitat creation. However previous literature is divided on the extent and conditions of these benefits. This dissertation has explored the dominance of hydraulic conductivity (K) on hyporheic hydraulics and implications to hyporheic zone functions through a series of modeling studies and field experiments. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was used to model the effect of varying K on weir-induced hyporheic exchange hydraulics and heat transport. Fundamental shifts in hydraulics and temperature dynamics occurred at threshold K's. Surface water began noticeably sinking into the bed above a threshold of K=10-3 m/s and inertial forces caused deviation from Darcy's Law. The heat transport model indicated net downstream surface water cooling from weir-induced exchange was maximized by maximizing K (flow-limited function) and thermal heterogeneity increased with K, particularly above K=10-5 m/s. Results suggest that using CFD to predict surface water-groundwater interaction may be important to accurately predict hyporheic hydraulics and functions dependent on flow-rate or residence time. The importance of macropores to hyporheic transport through meander bends was explored. Transport velocities, hydraulic head gradients, and solute transport rates through the meander bend were increased by macropores. Results indicate that macropores can dictate solute or pollutant transport through meander bends and in the hyporheic zone, which in turn may influence biogeochemical cycling and pollutant attenuation. Surface-connected macropores along streams were studied as hydrologically important subsurface heterogeneities for surface water-groundwater interaction. Macropores were common geomorphic features in the Appalachian province of southwestern Virginia, and were inundated during storm events over a one-year period. Banks with macropores experienced increased hydraulic head fluctuations, temperature fluctuations, and K. Macropores increased bank storage rates and solute transport between the channel and riparian groundwater zones, which in turn may influence biogeochemical cycling, pollutant attenuation, and hyporheic habitat. Macropores may be important to hyporheic flow and solute transport in a wide range of conditions and may broaden the portion of the landscape in which hyporheic exchange is important. Future work is needed to further assess the impacts of macropores on hyporheic functions and explore new methods to map and quantify macropore geometries and inter-connectivity. / Ph. D.

Um dos objetivos das próximas gerações dos sistemas de comunicação é permitir que os usuários acessem e distribuam um ou mais serviços a qualquer hora, em qualquer lugar, independentemente do tipo de terminal (telefone convencional, telefone celular, assistentes pessoais digitais, notebooks, dentre outros) ou da tecnologia da rede de acesso utilizados. Esse cenário é denominado convergência de serviços utilizando-se redes heterogêneas, e em tal realidade, as arquiteturas de qualidade de serviço existentes em cada uma das tecnologias dos sistemas de comunicação não oferecem mecanismos de interoperabilidade e em diversos casos não há controle sob os fluxos de dados uma vez admitido na infraestrutura do sistema de comunicação, assim como questões de handover heterogêneo não são tratadas. A tese propõe uma arquitetura para controle de Qualidade de Serviço para um ambiente heterogêneo composto de backbones IP e redes de acesso de diversas tecnologias, sendo tal arquitetura composta de agentes autônomos e distribuídos nos equipamentos de um sistema de comunicação; assim como.controles baseados no comportamento de uma região de um sistema de comunicação e apoiados na teoria e princípios de sistemas complexos. Os agentes da arquitetura proposta utilizando o princípio de preferential attachment mostraram-se eficientes na determinação do caminho de melhor condição de qualidade de serviços. Os componentes da arquitetura proposta estão localizados em cada equipamento de comunicação, desde o dispositivo do usuário até o provedor de serviços. As medições realizadas pelos agentes e utilizando um algoritmo baseado no conceito de preferential attachment permitiram ao agente alterar o caminho de um fluxo de dados durante sua transmissão para outros caminhos que apresentaram condições mais adequadas de acordo com os parâmetros de QoS. A decisão é baseada no contrato de qualidade de serviço especificado entre usuário e provedor de serviço e, considerando sob controle todos os elementos envolvidos na comunicação; tem-se controle distribuído de qualidade de serviço fim a fim. / One of the targets of the next generation communication systems is to provide access to any service, to any user, anytime, anywhere, regardless the access network technology or type of user device (mobile phone, PDA, personal computer, and so on). This scenario is called convergence of services by heterogeneous networks, and in such scenario quality of service mechanisms presented in legacy communication systems do not provide mechanisms for interoperability between communication systems nor control data flows after control admission in the border of the communication systems. The heterogeneous handover is also not handled by such QoS architectures. This thesis proposes a QoS control architecture for an heterogeneous communication systems composed by IP backbones and several access networks for several kind of technologies. This architecture is composed by a multiagent system and has controls based on the local behavior of the communication system and supported by complex systems theory. The agent decision algorithm is based on preferential attachment concept and the experimentation results indicate that agents could identify a better path to handle a data flow according to QoS parameters. The agents decided to change the path used to transmit the flow data autonomously and according to quality of service contract between user and service provider. The measurements in the test based on preferential attachment algorithm was useful in order agent change flow data path during data flow transmission to other paths with better conditions according to QoS requisites. The agent decision is based on the parameter values defined between end user and service provider. Considering the control elements from proposed architecture it was achieved end-to-end distributed control.

Um dos objetivos das próximas gerações dos sistemas de comunicação é permitir que os usuários acessem e distribuam um ou mais serviços a qualquer hora, em qualquer lugar, independentemente do tipo de terminal (telefone convencional, telefone celular, assistentes pessoais digitais, notebooks, dentre outros) ou da tecnologia da rede de acesso utilizados. Esse cenário é denominado convergência de serviços utilizando-se redes heterogêneas, e em tal realidade, as arquiteturas de qualidade de serviço existentes em cada uma das tecnologias dos sistemas de comunicação não oferecem mecanismos de interoperabilidade e em diversos casos não há controle sob os fluxos de dados uma vez admitido na infraestrutura do sistema de comunicação, assim como questões de handover heterogêneo não são tratadas. A tese propõe uma arquitetura para controle de Qualidade de Serviço para um ambiente heterogêneo composto de backbones IP e redes de acesso de diversas tecnologias, sendo tal arquitetura composta de agentes autônomos e distribuídos nos equipamentos de um sistema de comunicação; assim como.controles baseados no comportamento de uma região de um sistema de comunicação e apoiados na teoria e princípios de sistemas complexos. Os agentes da arquitetura proposta utilizando o princípio de preferential attachment mostraram-se eficientes na determinação do caminho de melhor condição de qualidade de serviços. Os componentes da arquitetura proposta estão localizados em cada equipamento de comunicação, desde o dispositivo do usuário até o provedor de serviços. As medições realizadas pelos agentes e utilizando um algoritmo baseado no conceito de preferential attachment permitiram ao agente alterar o caminho de um fluxo de dados durante sua transmissão para outros caminhos que apresentaram condições mais adequadas de acordo com os parâmetros de QoS. A decisão é baseada no contrato de qualidade de serviço especificado entre usuário e provedor de serviço e, considerando sob controle todos os elementos envolvidos na comunicação; tem-se controle distribuído de qualidade de serviço fim a fim. / One of the targets of the next generation communication systems is to provide access to any service, to any user, anytime, anywhere, regardless the access network technology or type of user device (mobile phone, PDA, personal computer, and so on). This scenario is called convergence of services by heterogeneous networks, and in such scenario quality of service mechanisms presented in legacy communication systems do not provide mechanisms for interoperability between communication systems nor control data flows after control admission in the border of the communication systems. The heterogeneous handover is also not handled by such QoS architectures. This thesis proposes a QoS control architecture for an heterogeneous communication systems composed by IP backbones and several access networks for several kind of technologies. This architecture is composed by a multiagent system and has controls based on the local behavior of the communication system and supported by complex systems theory. The agent decision algorithm is based on preferential attachment concept and the experimentation results indicate that agents could identify a better path to handle a data flow according to QoS parameters. The agents decided to change the path used to transmit the flow data autonomously and according to quality of service contract between user and service provider. The measurements in the test based on preferential attachment algorithm was useful in order agent change flow data path during data flow transmission to other paths with better conditions according to QoS requisites. The agent decision is based on the parameter values defined between end user and service provider. Considering the control elements from proposed architecture it was achieved end-to-end distributed control.

Our understanding of subsurface flow depends on assumptions of how event characteristics and spatial scale affect the relationships between subsurface water velocity, discharge, water table dynamics, and runoff response. In this thesis, three chapters explore some of these patterns for a hillslope and small watershed in coastal British Columbia. In the first chapter, tracers were applied under natural and steady state conditions to determine the relationship between lateral tracer velocities and various hillslope and event characteristics; such as hillslope subsurface flow, rainfall intensity, water table level, hillslope length, and antecedent condition. The results showed that preferential flow made up a large percentage of the subsurface flow from the gauged hillslope. Flow velocities as measured by tracers were affected by slope length and boundary conditions. The flow velocity was most closely related to the rainfall intensity, and changes in flow velocity were large compared to the changes in the water table. In the second chapter, the preferential flow features that transmitted water during steady state were investigated by staining the soil with a food dye solution and excavating the soil. These data were used to explore the link between the topographical factors (slope and contributing area), the network of preferential features and soil properties. The contributing area appeared to be an indicator of the size of the preferential features and their connectivity. In the final manuscript chapter, water table level and stream discharge measurements were used to determine if areas within a watershed with runoff dominated by preferential flow could be grouped based on the observable physical information such as slope, contributing area, distance to stream, and vegetation. Preferential flow made the water table responses dynamic and thus, distinct zones could not be identified. Models of the water table – runoff were not able to predict the water table response for other sites with similar physical characteristics. Even though there was high variability in the results, the patterns and relationships revealed in this thesis conform to existing conceptual models of hillslope subsurface preferential flow. These patterns and relationships may be useful in developing or validating numerical models.

Our understanding of subsurface flow depends on assumptions of how event characteristics and spatial scale affect the relationships between subsurface water velocity, discharge, water table dynamics, and runoff response. In this thesis, three chapters explore some of these patterns for a hillslope and small watershed in coastal British Columbia. In the first chapter, tracers were applied under natural and steady state conditions to determine the relationship between lateral tracer velocities and various hillslope and event characteristics; such as hillslope subsurface flow, rainfall intensity, water table level, hillslope length, and antecedent condition. The results showed that preferential flow made up a large percentage of the subsurface flow from the gauged hillslope. Flow velocities as measured by tracers were affected by slope length and boundary conditions. The flow velocity was most closely related to the rainfall intensity, and changes in flow velocity were large compared to the changes in the water table. In the second chapter, the preferential flow features that transmitted water during steady state were investigated by staining the soil with a food dye solution and excavating the soil. These data were used to explore the link between the topographical factors (slope and contributing area), the network of preferential features and soil properties. The contributing area appeared to be an indicator of the size of the preferential features and their connectivity. In the final manuscript chapter, water table level and stream discharge measurements were used to determine if areas within a watershed with runoff dominated by preferential flow could be grouped based on the observable physical information such as slope, contributing area, distance to stream, and vegetation. Preferential flow made the water table responses dynamic and thus, distinct zones could not be identified. Models of the water table – runoff were not able to predict the water table response for other sites with similar physical characteristics. Even though there was high variability in the results, the patterns and relationships revealed in this thesis conform to existing conceptual models of hillslope subsurface preferential flow. These patterns and relationships may be useful in developing or validating numerical models.