Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, May, 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1952. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Class of 2011 Abstact / OBJECTIVES: To determine if aseptic methods prescribed by the USP 797 are effective in preventing microbial growth when compounding intravenous medication. Sample size: 60 individual IV preparations, 20 for the control group and 20 per test group. METHODS: Sixty agar plates were made. The IV preparations for the control group were compounded with aseptic technique: washing hands with soap and water, wearing gloves, cleaning all ports with alcohol, and working in a laminar flow hood. A syringe was used to inject the water from the vial into the IV bag. This procedure was repeated in the same manner for Group A (no use of laminar flow hood) and Group B (no swiping of the injection ports with an alcohol swab), minus the aseptic technique in question. Once all 60 IV preparations were completed, a sterile inoculation tool was used to obtain a sample from the port of the IV bag. The plates were then inoculated. RESULTS: When compared to the control group, microbial growth in Group A was not significant (p=0.14). The contamination rate for Group B was also not significant (p=0.07). CONCLUSION: Solutions compounded using abbreviated techniques (not swabbing injection ports and not using laminar flow hood) are not more likely to be contaminated than when using all proper aseptic techniques simultaneously.

No description available.

In partial fulfilment of the degree of MSc. Med (Bioethics & Health Law) Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg June 2016 / It is estimated that about two billion people, one-third of the world's population, lack regular access to essential medicines (Forman & Kohler 2012: 26). The situation is worst in Africa and South East Asia, where it is reported that about half the population do not have regular access to potentially life-saving drugs (Forman & Kohler 2012:26). A normative study was undertaken to probe whether legal duties to provide affordable medicines place or ought to place limitations on the exercise of pharmaceutical patents in developing countries. I have used the bioethics theory of justice and the jurisprudence on the right-to-health, enshrined in international human rights law, as my argumentative framework. Like other pro-health equity academics (Forman & Kohler 2012, Cameron 2005, Gostin 2014) I argue that the exorbitant prices charged by the multinational pharmaceutical industry for patented drugs are a barrier to equitable access to essential medicines for the world’s poor, most of whom live in developing countries. I concur with (Forman and Kohler 2012:1) that, “access to essential medicines (should be) authoritatively interpreted to constitute a minimum core entitlement under the human right to the highest attainable standard of health (the right-to-health), placing correlative duties on a range of actors to enable and ensure access." In addition, I posit that the interests of social justice ought to justify a partial infringement of private commercial interests in the public interest – to speed up regular and affordable access to essential medicines to all who need them. My argument proceeds as follows: Firstly, nation states bear the primary responsibility to meet right-to-health responsibilities as espoused in international human rights law and applicable African regional laws. Secondly, I argue that richer states (should) have joint legal and moral responsibilities to assist poorer nations to realize access to the "highest attainable standard of health" which is the legal entitlement of "every person" (WHO 1946, African Charter of Human Rights, 1981). I conclude by arguing that the multinational pharmaceutical industry ought to assume binding right-to-health human rights obligations, with nation states. / MT2016

Antibiotic therapy has been proven to be vital for the treatment of life-threatening bacterial infections. Oral antibiotic therapy, however, results in unwanted side effects such as the intestinal flora destruction, allowing for the colonization of foreign bacteria. This phenomenon results in the occurrence of antibioticassociated diarrhea. Probiotic supplementation has been the choice adjunctive prophylaxis for this condition allowing for the bacterial adhesion of intestinal mucosal binding sites. Probiotic bacteria are, however, susceptible to the bactericidal effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics, resulting in many probiotic formulations being prescribed two hours after the ingestion of the antibiotic formulation. This is, however, not always adhered to, with many patients taking the antibiotic and probiotic concomitantly resulting in the destruction of the probiotic bacteria. This study provides for the design, development, characterization and evaluation of an oral delivery system for the concurrent administration of antibiotics and probiotics employing a dual release mechanism or ‘Dual-Biotic System’. The premise behind the development of this system is to allow for the concurrent administration of antibiotics and probiotics where the probiotic bacteria are only released two hours after the antibiotic, in which time the antibiotic would be absorbed into systemic circulation, preventing physical interaction between the systems and thus preventing bacterial destruction. Amoxicillin was chosen as the model antibiotic in this study due to its spectrum of activity and wide utilization in oral antibiotic therapy.

No description available.

Graduation date: 1998

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2001. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.