This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of prediction of specific learning disabilities among children of preschool age. The thesis is divided into two consequent parts a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part I focus mainly on the etiology and the diagnosis of specific learning disabilities. The thesis focuses mainly on given examples of a few predictive batteries from Czech and even foreign authors. The practical part contains results of a research survey where are the data I collected through predictive battery of British authors: Nicolson and Fawcett: The Dyslexia Early Screening Test. The main objective of the diploma thesis was to find out the possibility of using this test by pedagogical workers at pre-schools in order to avoid specific learning disabilities. For the research, the quantitative research method was used.

Les problèmes intériorisés, comprenant principalement les problèmes d’anxiété et de dépression, sont des conditions ayant de multiples conséquences pour les personnes touchées (p.ex. : détresse, fatigue importante, difficultés fonctionnelles). Malgré cela, peu d’interventions visent la prévention de ces difficultés à la petite enfance. Plusieurs facteurs pourraient être associés au développement des symptômes intériorisés entre 0 et 5 ans, dont les pratiques parentales et les problèmes extériorisés. Quelques auteurs suggèrent que les programmes de prévention et d’intervention visant la promotion de pratiques parentales adéquates et la diminution des troubles extériorisés en bas âge pourraient permettre la réduction des symptômes intériorisés. La présente étude a pour objectif d’examiner le lien entre la participation au Programme Équipe, un programme préventif visant les pratiques parentales, et les symptômes intériorisés des enfants. Afin de bien comprendre les processus sous-tendant cette relation, les rôles médiateurs des pratiques parentales et les symptômes extériorisés seront examinés. De plus, le rôle modérateur du sexe sera testé afin de voir si les liens diffèrent pour les filles et les garçons. Pour ce faire, 162 familles comptant des enfants de 4 ou 5 ans ont été recrutées pour participer à cette étude expérimentale (participants randomisés dans les groupes intervention et contrôle). Les résultats obtenus dans des analyses de régression linéaire soutiennent que la participation au Programme Équipe tend à prédire une amélioration de l’encadrement et le niveau de soutien à l’autonomie offert par les parents. Des analyses subséquentes d’effets indirects suggèrent que le renforcement de l’encadrement serait associé à une diminution des problèmes de comportements et des symptômes intériorisés. Ces résultats appuient donc la pertinence d’offrir des programmes préventifs dans la diminution des problèmes intériorisés même s’ils ont pour but initial la réduction des problèmes extériorisés à la petite enfance. / Internalizing problems, including anxiety and depression problems, are associated with a range of negative consequences. Despite this, there are only a limited number of interventions that aim to prevent these difficulties in early childhood. Several factors are associated with the development of internalizing symptoms between 0 and 5 years of age, including parenting practices and externalized problems. Some authors suggest that prevention and intervention programs aimed at promoting adequate parenting practices and reducing externalizing symptoms at a young age could reduce internalizing symptoms. The objective of this study is to examine the link between participation in the Équipe Program (COPE in English), a preventive program targeting parenting practices, and internalizing symptoms in children. In order to fully understand the processes underlying this relationship, the mediating role of parenting practices and the externalizing symptoms will be examined. In addition, the moderating role of sex will be tested to see if associations are different for girls and boys. For this, 162 families with children aged 4 or 5 were recruited to participate in a small experimental trial (participants randomized to either the Équipe intervention or a no-intervention control group). The results obtained in linear regression analysis support that participation in the Équipe Program is associated with an improvement in parenting practices related to the discipline and level of autonomy offered by the parents. Subsequent analyzes of indirect effects suggest that the strengthening of adequate discipline is associated with a decrease in behavioral problems and internalizing symptoms. These results support therefore the relevance of offering preventive programs in reducing internalizing problems even if their initial goal is to reduce externalized problems in early childhood.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL IDENTIFICATION Title of thesis: Project "Children at the start" in times of COVID-19 Department: Faculty of Education, Charles University, Department of Physical Education Author: Bc. Lucie Ajchlerová Supervisor: PaedDr. Jana Hájková Year of elaboration: 2021 Abstract: This Diploma thesis tries to approach the issue of the project "Children at the start" and the situation that occurred with the occurrence of covid-19 in conjunction with government measures to prevent the spread of this disease. The project deals with the development of physical activity within children from 4 to 9 years of age. Project has its centres throughout the Czech Republic. The research should show how the project "Children at the start" tried to respond to the situation that occurred in the period from February 2020 to February 2021. The questionnaire survey was conducted with parents and legal representatives of children involved in the project, as well as heads of centres, head coaches and assistant coaches. These two different groups provided a double view of the issue. The Diploma thesis came to the results that the project is very variable, and some centres are able to run their training units under strict measures. Keywords: physical activity, covid-19, Children at the start, preschool age, younger school age

The diploma thesis is focused on fine motor skills and laterality of preschool children with cerebral palsy. Based on previous researches was found out, that cerebral palsy is influencing fine motor skills. With reference to these researches, the aim of this thesis is to find out, if there is difference between intact prechool children and preschool children with cerebral pals in fine motor skills and what particular differences there is. The thesis include laterality and question of pronounction in preschool age. The theoretical part describes evolution of children, defines fine motor skills and laterality, deals with cerebral palsy and describes fine motor skills of children with cerebral palsy including previous researches. The empirical part defines the aims of research, explorational questions, methods of research and testing activities. Next part is focused on selection of respondents and their characterics. Main part presents results of testing my respondents, analysis of results and discussion. The research was made by interview and qustionary for parents, and following testing of fine motor skills containing three parts - testing of laterality, grips and general fine motor skills. In results is described existing difference between intact preschool children and children with cerebral...

This thesis deals with the forms of cooperation between parents and nursery school. The theoretical part focuses on family and school as educational institutions, their definition, historical development and the related current trends in cooperation between them. It defines the forms of cooperation in the core curriculum and is looking for inspiring elements of this strategy and cooperation in innovative educational programs, "Step by Step" and "Health Promoting Schools" The empiric part presents the research that focuses on development cooperation nursery schools and families. The research was conducted at the Prague kindergarten Šestajovická. Inform the process of improving cooperation based on innovative teaching programs, "Step by Step" and "Health Promoting Schools"

Darbe atlikta teorinė ekologinio vaiko pažinimo ir vertinimo modelio sampratos, raiškos dokumentuose, vaikų raidos ypatingumų ir specialiųjų ugdymo(si) poreikių įvertinimo pokyčių analizė. Empirinėje darbo dalyje nagrinėjami prioritetai, kuriuos teikia specialistai vertindami ir ugdydami vaiką, tėvų pasirengimas teikti informaciją apie savo vaiką, ekologinio požiūrio taikymo prioritetai ir teorinių nuostatų į vaiko pažinimą raiška praktikoje. Iškeltos hipotezės, kad specialistų teorinės nuostatos į vaiko pažinimą ir ugdymą grindžiamos ekologinio sisteminio modelio elementais, kurie praktikoje gali būti keičiami tradiciniu vaiko vertinimo modeliu bei, kad specialistų diskusijos grupėje, refleksijos bei tinkamas teorinis ir praktinis pasirengimas leidžia pažinti vaiką šeimos kontekste. Anketinės apklausos bei sutelktos grupės metodais atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – įvertinti specialistų nuostatas į vaiko pažinimą, vertinimą ir ugdymą, šių nuostatų raišką praktikoje bei jų sąsajas su ekologiniu sisteminiu požiūriu, ir pateikti vaiko pažinimo šeimos kontekste praktinį modelį. Atlikta statistinė (aprašomoji dažnių, vidurkių, Kruskal- Wallis neparametrinio testo) duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo 112 darželių ir 39 ankstyvosios reabilitacijos tarnybų specialistai bei 106 specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių vaikų tėvai. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Vertindami ir ugdydami ankstyvojo ir ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaiką, turintį specialiųjų poreikių, specialistai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Theoretical analysis of the ecological systemic model conception and it‘s expression in the official documents, as well as the changes in the process of identification and assessment of children special needs/special educational needs have been analyzed and presented in the master thesis. In the empirical part of the paper the professional priorities in childs‘ assessment and education, parents preparedness to share information with professionals about their child, priorities of ecological approach used, as well as attitudes towards the child in a practice have been analyzed and described. Hypothesis has been formulated that theoretically the professionals‘ attitudes towards a child, towards the recognition of his/her developmental peculiarities as well as towards the training are based on the elements of ecological systems approach. However in the educational practice the elements of ecological model can be combined with the elements of traditional child‘s estimation model. Discussions in a focus groups, reflections and relevant theoretical and practical preparedeness enable professionals to know the child in the context of his/her family. The research has been based on the methods of questioning in written as well as on focus group method. The main purpose of the inquiry was to evaluate professionals’ attitudes towards the assessment and the education of the child as well as the expression of these attitudes in the practice and their links with ecological systemic... [to full text]

The thesis focuses on the issues concerning meeting individual needs of the preschool-aged children in kindergartens. In the theoretical part the attention is paid to defining the term "need" and to the description, analysis and comparison of various theories about fulfilling the children's needs. Next part deals with physical development of a child and its successful education as well. Followingly, there are described the possibilities how to fulfil individual needs of children in a family and in a kindergarten. The final topic in the theoretical part is the description of risks arising from dissatisfying the children's needs. The empiric part is based on the case study. investigative research being realized by the combination of several methods (observation, interview, questionnaire), targeting at finding if the inner conditions in kindergartens cope with RVP PV. The empiric part also followed several children which started attending the kindergarten, their appraisal was done and this was accomplished by planning activities leading to fulfilling their needs and easier adaptation. KEYWORDS preschool child, individual needs of child, family, kindergarten, preschool education, nursery school teacher, adaptation of preschool age children at the beginning of attendance kindergarten