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Percep??es ambientais de comunidades rurais e indicadores de sustentabilidade como subs?dios ? conserva??o de ?reas de caatinga no Rio Grande do Norte / Environmental Perception of rural communities and Sustainability Indicators as subsidies for the conservation of Caatinga areas in Rio Grande Do Norte state, BrazilSilva, Thaise Sousa da 26 August 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A degrada??o ambiental ? um problema global que afeta particularmente regi?es submetidas a
varia??es clim?ticas sazonais, como ? o caso do semi?rido brasileiro, mais precisamente o
Dom?nio das Caatingas. Aliada a outros fatores negativos, como o uso e ocupa??o
desordenados, as consequ?ncias t?m desafiado a ci?ncia na busca pelo equacionamento dos
problemas socioambientais gerados. Nesse sentido, a Percep??o Ambiental tem sido um
instrumento bastante relevante em estudos que tratam das rela??es entre meio ambiente e
a??es humanas, por possibilitar an?lises das concep??es, atitudes e valores, principalmente
aqueles relacionados ? conserva??o ambiental. Aliada ? Percep??o Ambiental, os Indicadores
de Sustentabilidade constituem ferramentas relevantes por possibilitarem mensurar as
poss?veis causas e consequ?ncias de problemas ambientais. Dentre os diversos Indicadores de
Sustentabilidade, destaca-se o m?todo press?o-estado-impacto-resposta (PEIR), que ? um
instrumento anal?tico que permite organizar e agrupar de maneira l?gica os fatores que
afetam, o impacto que geram na natureza e na sa?de humana, assim como de que forma a
sociedade e o poder p?blico podem intervir para reverter a situa??o causada. Nessa
perspectiva, foram estudadas tr?s ?reas de Caatinga no serid? do Rio Grande do Norte:
Esta??o Ecol?gica do Serid?, Munic?pio de Serra Negra do Norte; Reserva Particular do
Patrimonio Natural Stoessel de Brito, Munic?pio de Jucurutu; e parte da Serra de Santana,
Munic?pio de Tenente Laurentino Cruz. Estas constituem ?reas naturais protegidas e n?o
protegidas e por isso, est?o submetidas a diferentes formas de gest?o, embora compartilhem
semelhan?as socioambientais; ou seja, as comunidades residentes nessas ?reas, est?o
submetidas a vulnerabilidades e usam de forma desordenada as potencialidades dos recursos
naturais. Nesse Cen?rio, esta tese teve como objetivo geral inserir as comunidades rurais no
processo de conserva??o, utilizando a Percep??o Ambiental dessas comunidades, aliada ?
an?lise da sustentabilidade dos munic?pios por meio do PEIR. As informa??es sobre
percep??o foram obtidas de dados prim?rios e secund?rios de estudos anteriormente
realizados em comunidades habitantes do entorno da ESEC Serid?, munic?pio de Serra Negra
do Norte e da RPPN Stoessel de Brito, munic?pio de Jucurutu. E, por meio de observa??o
direta e entrevistas no formato de formul?rios, aplicados a comunidades rurais do entorno da
Caatinga do Munic?pio de Tenente Laurentino Cruz, foram obtidas suas percep??es. Os
resultados obtidos demonstraram que os entrevistados apresentam um conhecimento amplo
sobre a degrada??o ambiental, suas causas e consequ?ncias, atende um vasto conhecimento
sobre os recursos naturais existentes nessas ?reas de Caatinga. A An?lise do Sistema PEIR
possibilitou identificar nas ?reas estudadas que, nos munic?pios que abrigam Unidades de
Conserva??o, a degrada??o ambiental est? em menores propor??es que naqueles que n?o
possuem ?reas protegidas, al?m de demonstrar que o conhecimento das comunidades e a
aceita??o destas em rela??o ?s Unidades de Conserva??o, potencializam as a??es que podem
ser utilizadas para a redu??o da degrada??o ambiental na Caatinga / Environmental degradation is a global problem that particularly affects areas subject to
seasonal climatic variations, such as the brazilian semiarid region, namely the Caatinga
Domain. Combined with other negative factors, such as natural resource misuse and
disorderly land occupation, the consequences of Environmental Degradation have challenged
science in the quest for addressing the resulting social and environmental problems.
Accordingly, Environmental Perception methodology, by analyzing the concepts, attitudes
and values, (especially those pertaining to environmental conservation) represent an important
tool in studies that address the relationship between the environment and human actions.
Sustainability Indicators are also relevant tools to assess the possible causes and consequences
of environmental problems. Among several Sustainability Indicators available, the PressuresState-Impact-Response
(PSIR) method is an analytical tool that permits the grouping of
factors affecting sustainability as well as their consequences for nature and human health, and
thus indicate mitigating actions for society and the public authorities. From this perspective,
three areas of Caatinga were studied in Rio Grande do Norte state: Serid? Ecological Station
(ESEC), Municipality of Serra Negra do Norte; Private Natural Reserve Stoessel de Brito
(PNRSB), Municipality of Jucurutu; and part of the Serra de Santana, Municipality of
Tenente Laurentino Cruz. The areas are both legally protected and unprotected and subject to
diferent management protocols, though their share the common characteristic of human
misuse of natural resources. In this scenario, this thesis? main goal was to introduce the rural
communities into the conservation process, using the results of Environmental Perception of
such communities, combined with the analysis of the sustainability of municipalities through
PSIR. Information on Environmental Perception was obtained from primary and secondary
data from previous studies carried out in the ESEC Serid? and PRNP Stoessel de Brito.
Additional data was obtained through direct observation and interview forms applied to rural
communities in the Municipality of Tenente Laurentino Cruz. The results showed that
respondents possessed a broad knowledge regarding environmental degradation, its causes
and consequences for the caatinga biome. PEIR analysis showed that environmental
degradation was smaller in countries with protected areas, as compared to those without. The
population?s knowledge about environmental degradation and their acceptance of
conservation units, as showed by Environmental Perception Analysis, coupled with the results
of PEIR, suggest that those attitudes may foster actions aimed at reduction of environmental
degradation in the Caatinga domain
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