by Tiong Chong Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-97). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.1 / Abstracts --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.3 / Research problem / Definitions / "Questions, methodology and research" / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Theoretical framework and concepts --- p.12 / Media ecology and competition / Forces of market-driven journalism / Environmental change and organizational change / Chapter Chapter 3: --- The changing ecology and pressures on Ming Pao --- p.26 / Price war and its effect on ecological balance of newspaper industry / The location and pressures on Ming Pao / Sources of pressures / Chapter Chapter 4: --- The impact on Ming Pao and its response (I) : An analysis of change of style and content --- p.45 / Objective and methodology / Results of sampling survey on selection of news topics / Close-up analysis of page layouts and content / Some typical layout of pages as illustrations / Chapter Chapter 5: --- The impact on Ming Pao and Its Response (II): Organizational change and strategic management --- p.57 / Marketing strategy and product improvement / The changes and permanence in the news room / The real effect of inter-organizational pressure / Newsroom control and interactions / Resistance and constraints to change / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusions and discussions --- p.77 / Media behavior during environmental change / Pattern of ecological constraints on media performance / Organizational resistances to dramatic change of an established newspa / Social-political foundation of news / Theoretical reflection and limitation

L’essor du journalisme à une échelle industrielle à partir du XIXe siècle s’est principalement construit sur la mise en rapport d’investissements et intérêts nombreux, remise en question dans le contexte de l’économie numérique. Ce travail de recherche veut contribuer à la compréhension des transformations contemporaines du journalisme en s’intéressant aux conditions d’existence matérielle de cette pratique de production discursive, aux changements qui se déploient dans les organisations médiatiques ainsi qu’aux stratégies et discours qui sont mobilisés. En France et au Québec, cette recherche porte sur deux groupes médiatiques, Ouest-France et Québecor, impliqués notamment dans la presse écrite et se saisissant des problématiques liées au numérique depuis le milieu des années 1990. Les modèles d’affaires des deux groupes et les intérêts des différents acteurs se voient modifiés, sans que le journalisme ne parvienne à assurer une autonomie économique. Sa position de subordination se voit renforcée dans les modèles et dispositifs progressivement déployés. Cette transformation en cours, au sein des groupes industriels, se construit alors autant au travers de changements organisationnels que dans et par le discours. Ce travail repose sur des approches empiriques croisées, permettant une analyse documentaire au sein et autour des deux groupes, ainsi qu’une analyse du discours, fondée notamment sur des entretiens avec des dirigeants, cadres et travailleurs de l’information. Au croisement de ces approches, c’est la transformation du journalisme et de son économie qui apparaît, non comme un objectif à venir, mais comme un processus à l’oeuvre. Déployant ses priorités, elle se construit autant dans les investissements que les discours, et laisse des traces qui sont l’objet de ce travail doctoral. / The rise of journalism at an industrial scale from the XIXth century was mainly based upon the economic alliance between several interests and investments sources, and which are now challenged in the digital economy context. This research aims at contributing to a better understanding of the contemporary transformations of this practice of discursive production, together with changes taking place within media organizations as well as strategies and discourses at stake. In both France and Quebec, this research focus on two media groups, Ouest-France and Québecor, notably involved in newspapers, and confronted with digital issues since the mid-1990s. Both business models and stakeholders interests are changing, while journalism does not manage to ensure economic independence. Its subordination position is somewhat reinforced through models and apparatuses gradually rolled out. This ongoing transformation is built through both organizational changes and discourse. This doctoral research was based on cross-Empirical approaches, using document analysis within and around the two groups, as well as discourse analysis. The latter was based in particular on interviews with executives, managers and information workers. This research design and the junction of these approaches reveal that the transformation of journalism and its economy appears not as mere goal to com, but as a process already at work. By leaving some records and traces, covered by this doctoral work, this transformation builds as well upon investments and discourses.