Orientadores: Marco Aurelio Cremasco, Alexandre de Paula Peres / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T18:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Betioli_MarioLuisPenteado_M.pdf: 23779149 bytes, checksum: 6c1ff800d2c4c61f6e72eab4a95e69f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a distribuição axial de pressão estática ao longo de um leito fíuidízado circulante (CFB) para diversos valores de velocidade de gás e fluxo mássico de sólidos; para tanto, avaliou-se a influência da concentração de sólidos presente em um escoamento gás-sólido ao longo de todo o CFB, o que possibilitou estudar, em um mesmo sistema, a fluidodinâmica dos reatores downer e riser, de uma seção que os une - uma curva em "U" - assim corno de um sistema de recirculação de sólidos. Os CFBs são utilizados em diversas indústrias, particularmente naquelas que envolvem processos de craqueamento catalítico em leito fluidizado (FCC). O FCC é um processo de refino de petróleo utilizado para aumentar a produção de gasolina e GLP (gás liquefeito de petróleo) de uma refinaria, por meio da conversão de frações pesadas, provenientes da destilação do petróleo (gasóleo e resíduos), em trações mais leves. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em uma planta piloto instalada no Laboratório de Processos em Meios Porosos (LPMP) da DTF/FEQ/UMCAMP, denominada Unidade Multipropósito de Craqueamento Catalítico. Realizaram-se ensaios utilizando vazões de ar iguais a 7,5m3/h, 10m3/h, 15 m3/h, 20 m3/h, 25 m3/h, 30 m3/h alimentadas: i) na entrada do downer; ii) na entrada da curva em "U"; iii) numa combinação da entrada do downer e da entrada da curva era "U". Os fluxos mássicos de sólidos utilizados para cada vazão de ar foram iguais a 0,000kg/m2s, 0,032kg/m2s, 0,076kg/m2s, 0,120kg/m2s, 0,164kg/m2s e 0,208kg/m2s alimentados na entrada do downer. Decorrente deste estudo experimental, além do perfil axial de pressão, foi avaliado um modelo simplificado para a descrição da fluidodinâmica em questão, cujos resultados obtidos para diferença de pressão foram comparados com aqueles obtidos de forma experimental, estes por meio de deflexão / Abstract: The aim of this work is to present the axial distribution of static pressure throughout a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) for diverse values of gas velocity and solids circulation rate; for this, it was evaluated the influence of the present solids concentration in a gas-solid flow throughout the entirety CFB, which made it possible to study, in the same system, the fluid-dynamics of the downer and riser reactors, of a section joining them --- a "IT bend - as well as of a solid recirculation system. The CFBs have been used in several industries, particularly m those involving processes of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The FCC is a refining process of petroleum used to increase the gasoline production and LPG {liquefied petroleum gas) of a refinery, by the conversion of weighed fractions, proceeding from petroleum distillation (gasoil and residues), in lighter fractions. The experiments have been led in a pilot plant installed in the Laboratory of Processes in Porous Media (LPMP) of the DTF/FEQ/UNICAMP, called Multipurpose Unit of Catalytic Cracking. Assays have been performed using air flow rates equal to 7,5m³/h, 10m³/h, 15 m³/h, 20 m³/h, 25 m³/h, 30 m³/h fed: i) in the entrance of the downer; ii) in the entrance of the "U" bend; iii) in a combination of the entrance of the downer and the entrance of the "U" bend. The solids circulation rates used for each air flow rate were equal to 0,000kg/m²s, 0,032 kg/m²s, 0.076 kg/m²s, 0,120 kg/m²s, 0,I64 kg/m²s and 0.2O8 kg/m²s fed in the entrance of the downer. Due to this experimental study, besides the pressure axial profile, a simplified pattern for the fluid-dynamics description in question was evaluated, whose results obtained for pressure difference were compared with those obtained through experiments, the latter being by the means of pressure gauge deflection / Mestrado / Engenharia de Processos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is any abnormality in the filling of the left ventricle (LV).  Despite the prevalence of this disease, it remains difficult to diagnose, mainly due to inherent compensatory mechanisms and a limited physical understanding of the filling process.  LV filling can be non-invasively imaged using color m-mode echocardiography which provides a spatio-temporal map of inflow velocity.  These filling patterns, or waves, are conventionally used to qualitatively assess the filling pattern, however, this work aims to physically quantify the filling waves to improve understanding of diastole and develop robust, reliable, and quantitative parameters. This work reveals that LV filling waves in a normal ventricle act as dispersive waves and not only propagate along the length of the LV but also spread and disperse in the direction of the apex.  In certain diseased ventricles, this dispersion is limited due to changes in LV geometry and wall motion.  This improved understanding could aid LVDD diagnostics not only for determining health and disease, but also for distinguishing between progressing disease states. This work also identifies a limitation in a current LVDD parameter, intra ventricular pressure difference (IVPD), and presents a new methodology to address this limitation.  This methodology is also capable of synthesizing velocity information from a series of heartbeats to generating one representative heartbeat, addressing inaccuracies due to beat-to-beat variations.  This single beat gives a comprehensive picture of that specific patient's filling pattern.  Together, these methods improve the clinical utility of IVPD, making it more robust and limiting the chance for a misdiagnosis. / Master of Science

Yes / This paper presents the results from laboratory experiments to investigate the protection of scour around submarine pipelines under unidirectional flow using a rubber plate placed underneath the pipes. The pressure difference on the two sides of the pipeline is the driving force to initiate the movement of sediment particles and can be obtained by force balance analysis. Experiments covering a wide range of incoming flow velocity, pipe diameter and plate length show that there exists a critical pressure difference over which the movement of sediment and, thus, scour takes place. Analysis of the experimental results demonstrates that this critical pressure difference is related to the pressure difference of the axial points between upstream and downstream of the pipe, which can be easily determined. This critical pressure difference is used to develop an empirical formula for estimating the critical length of the rubber plate, over which the sediment movement and scour will not take place. Good agreement between the experiments and calculated critical plate length using the proposed formula is obtained. / National High-Tech Research and Development program of China (863 Program, Grant No.2008AA09Z309), National Nature Science Fund of China (Grant No.50879084, 51279071 and 51279189), the Open Funding from the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (SKLH-OF-1306)

Most people in the United States (US) spend considerable amount of time indoors—about 90% of their time as compared to outdoors, which makes the US population vulnerable to adverse health effects of indoor air contaminants. Volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations are well-known to be higher in indoor air than outdoor air. One source of VOC concentrations in indoor air that has gained considerable attention in public health and environmental regulatory communities is vapor intrusion. Vapor intrusion is the process by which subsurface vapors enter indoor spaces from contaminated soil and groundwater. It has been documented to cause indoor air contamination within hundreds of thousands of communities across the US. Vapor intrusion is well-known to be difficult to characterize because indoor air concentrations exhibit considerable temporal and spatial variability in homes throughout impacted communities. Unexplained variations in field data have not been systematically investigated using theoretical fate and transport processes. This study incorporates the use of numerical models to better understand processes that influence spatial and temporal variability in field data. The overall research hypothesis is that variability in indoor air VOC concentrations can be (partially) explained by variations in building air exchange rate (AER) and pressure differentials between indoor spaces and outdoor spaces. Neither AER nor pressure differentials are currently calculated by existing vapor intrusion numerical models. To date, most vapor intrusion models have focused on subsurface fate and transport processes; however, there is a need to understand the role of aboveground processes in the context of vapor intrusion exposure risks, which are commonly measured as indoor air VOC concentrations. Recent field studies identify these parameters as potentially important and their important role within the broader field of indoor air quality sciences has been well-documented, but more research is needed to investigate these parameters within the specific context of vapor intrusion. To test the overall hypothesis, the dissertation research developed a new vapor intrusion modeling technique that combines subsurface fate and transport modeling with building science approaches for modeling driving forces, such as wind and stack effects. The modeling results are compared with field data measurements from actual vapor intrusion sites and confirms that the research is relevant to not only academic researchers, but also policy decision makers.

This diploma thesis deals with problematics of the radial force effect on the runner and possibilities of the force reduction. Some pump modifications were proposed and changes of radial force magnitude in reverse blocking state and optimal flow state were examined in consequence. Following investigation was focused on the new modifications regarding to the pump efficiency and its characteristics stability. All results were carried out using the Solidworks, the Fluent and the Microsoft Excel software.

The fast-paced growth in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidic fabrication, porous media applications, biomedical assemblies, space propulsion, and vacuum technology demands accurate and practical transport equations for rarefied gas flows. It is well-known that in rarefied situations, due to strong deviations from the continuum regime, traditional fluid models such as Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) fail. The shortcoming of continuum models is rooted in nonequilibrium behavior of gas particles in miniaturized and/or low-pressure devices, where the Knudsen number (Kn) is sufficiently large. Since kinetic solutions are computationally very expensive, there has been a great desire to develop macroscopic transport equations for dilute gas flows, and as a result, several sets of extended equations are proposed for gas flow in nonequilibrium states. However, applications of many of these extended equations are limited due to their instabilities and/or the absence of suitable boundary conditions. In this work, we concentrate on regularized 13-moment (R13) equations, which are a set of macroscopic transport equations for flows in the transition regime, i.e., Kn≤1. The R13 system provides a stable set of equations in Super-Burnett order, with a great potential to be a powerful CFD tool for rarefied flow simulations at moderate Knudsen numbers. The goal of this research is to implement the R13 equations for problems of practical interest in arbitrary geometries. This is done by transformation of the R13 equations and boundary conditions into general curvilinear coordinate systems. Next steps include adaptation of the transformed equations in order to solve some of the popular test cases, i.e., shear-driven, force-driven, and temperature-driven flows in both planar and curved flow passages. It is shown that inexpensive analytical solutions of the R13 equations for the considered problems are comparable to expensive numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation. The new results present a wide range of linear and nonlinear rarefaction effects which alter the classical flow patterns both in the bulk and near boundary regions. Among these, multiple Knudsen boundary layers (mechanocaloric heat flows) and their influence on mass and energy transfer must be highlighted. Furthermore, the phenomenon of temperature dip and Knudsen paradox in Poiseuille flow; Onsager's reciprocity relation, two-way flow pattern, and thermomolecular pressure difference in simultaneous Poiseuille and transpiration flows are described theoretically. Through comparisons it is shown that for Knudsen numbers up to 0.5 the compact R13 solutions exhibit a good agreement with expensive solutions of the Boltzmann equation.