This thesis deals with the dynamic properties of electric pressure transducers. These are properties that are reflected in the measurement of rapid, time-dependent processes. They could be described in two ways. Either by using amplitude and phase frequency response characteristics, or just one particular value. Natural frequency, cutoff frequency or time constant. These parameters indicate the extreme values for the use of measuring devices in the measurement of time-dependent processes. In this work will be described procedures for determining these parameters.

The feeding behavior of fishes is a topic that has piqued the interests of many researchers given the dynamic and ancestral nature of aquatic prey-capture. This study examines aquatic feeding in terms of the suction and ram components of feeding in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, and how they modulate their kinematic behavior when attacking pelagic and benthic prey. Relative to other Micropterus genera, the reduced gape in smallmouth bass suggests they may create considerable suction pressure – stronger subambient pressure pulled through a smaller opening creates greater velocity. Suction feeding is useful when feeding on benthic prey, such as crayfish. Ram feeding is utilized when capturing pelagic prey, such as goldfish, because prey swimming in the water column can be overtaken with body speed. Prey-capture experiments using high-speed cinematography and pressure transducers were conducted to determine if smallmouth bass modulate their feeding performance between pelagic and benthic prey items. Results indicate that smallmouth bass modulate their behavior to include both aspects of ram and suction feeding when presented with differing prey, utilizing greater ram when feeding in the water column and stronger suction when feeding off the substrate (MANCOVA, p

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / Steam leakage from an aircraft carrier catapult is sometimes ingested into the aircraft engines upon launch which may induce compressor stall. Investigation of this phenomenon is of particular interest to the Navy with its new F35C, the aircraft carrier variant of the joint strike fighter. The single engine configuration of the F-35C makes this aircraft particularly vunerable to steam-induced stall. The present study examined both throttle-induced stall and steam-induced stall in a compressor at 90% and 95% speed through the use of 9 Kulite and 2 hot-film pressure transducers. The use of Fast Fourier Transform waterfall plots of the transient data before and during stall proved invaluable in determining stall precursors as well as the mode of rotor stall. In addition, a new computational fluid dynamic model was designed using CFX-5 software to represent a single blade passage of the compressor rotor, in order to predict compressor performance. The computed results were compared to experimental results gathered at various throttle settings. An accurate model will enable researchers to predict compressor performance for various and multiple gases. / Outstanding Thesis

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by William Daniel Hillis. / M.S.

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 91-92. / by Robert Gregory Clarke. / B.S.

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Dr. Seyed M. Ghiaasiaan; Committee Member: Dr. Marc K. Smith; Committee Member: Dr. Sheldon M. Jeter

Orientador: Fabiano Fruett / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T17:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coraucci_GuilhermedeOliveira_M.pdf: 8439243 bytes, checksum: d062ad2bf9b0e8eaae04ac2443802dab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Apresentamos neste trabalho um sensor de pressão piezorresistivo de multiterminais totalmente compatível com o processo de fabricação CMOS, constituído de um piezoelemento sensível ao estresse mecânico disposto sobre uma membrana microfabricada. O layout deste piezoelemento permite maximizar o efeito do estresse mecânico sobre a deflexão das equipotenciais distribuídas sobre sua região ativa. Utilizamos a análise baseada no Método de Elementos Finitos no projeto da membrana, bem como na definição da disposição dos piezoelementos sobre a mesma. O sensor foi fabricado em duas tecnologias diferentes: CMOS 0,3 ?m MAS (Austria Mikro Systeme International) - disponibilizado pelo Projeto Multi-Usuário PMU-FAPESP - e CCS/Unicamp (Centro de Componentes Semicondutores da Unicamp). Realizamos a membrana, no sensor fabricado na tecnologia AMS, através de um processo de desbaste mecânico da pastilha de silício. Já para o sensor fabricado na tecnologia do CCS/Unicamp, utilizamos um aparato de corrosão química (solução de KOH) para corrosão anisotrópica do silício monocristalino e, desta forma, obtivemos uma membrana com maior qualidade. Realizamos o estudo, analítico e numérico, da dependência da tensão de saída do piezoelemento de multiterminais com relação ao estresse mecânico. Os sensores fabricados apresentaram sensibilidade proporcional ao número de contatoscorrente de entrada e pouca dependência desta sensibilidade com sua geometria para uma grande faixa de variação de suas dimensões. Na tecnologia AMS, o sensor apresentou uma sensibilidade de 0,24 mV/psi e na tecnologia CCS/Unicamp 4,8 mV/psi com linearidade máxima de aproximadamente 5,6% FSO / Abstract: This work describes a CMOS-Compatible multiterminal piezoresistive pressure sensor based on the transversal piezoresistive effect, which consists of a piezotransducer fabricated on a membrane. The layout of this piezoelement is designed in such a way that its sensitivity is improved by maximizing the effect of the mechanical stress over the equipotential lines distribution in its active region. We performed Element Finite analyses in both membrane and piezoelement designs. The sensor was fabricated using two different technologies: CMOS 0,35 ?m AMS process (Austria Mikro Systeme International) - supported by the Fapesp Multi-User Project - and CCS/Unicamp process (Center for Semiconductor Components). In the AMS process, we realized a diaphragm by reducing the thickness of the die through a mechanical polishing process. In the sensor fabricated at CCS/Unicamp process, a backside bulk micro-machining was performed by using an automated KOH chemical etching apparatus, which provides a well-controlled anisotropic etching process. The sensor sensitivity is proportional to the number of input current terminals. The sensor sensitivity dependence related to its geometry is minimized even for a wide range of the sensor layout's aspect-ratio. In the AMS process, sensor's sensitivity amounted to 0.24 mV/psi and in the CCS/Unicamp process the sensitivity amounted to 4,8 mV/psi with a maximum linearity of about 5,6% FSO / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientadores: Eduardo Tavares Costa, Francisco Ubaldo Vieira Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T00:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MedeirosJunior_JohannesDantasde_M.pdf: 2215491 bytes, checksum: e35d132e2a61efa2d559a4dba08e356e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Circulação extracorpórea é um processo no qual o sangue circula externamente ao corpo com o intuito de manter a oxigenação e o fluxo do sangue adequados durante a realização de determinados procedimentos cirúrgicos; para realizá-la é utilizado um conjunto de técnicas e equipamentos cuja função é substituir temporariamente o coração e os pulmões. Contudo, a circulação extracorpórea é percebida pelo organismo como um agente agressor e um dos principais parâmetros relacionados aos danos que ela provoca é a hemólise. O uso de bombas propulsoras é um dos causadores de hemólise em procedimentos envolvendo circulação extracorpórea e um dos principais tipos de bombas propulsoras é a bomba de roletes. A hemólise provocada pelo uso de bomba de roletes é devida principalmente ao grau de oclusão utilizado. Há dois métodos geralmente utilizados para calibração da bomba de roletes: o método de velocidade de queda e o método de calibração dinâmica. Nesse trabalho é proposto um dispositivo para auxiliar o perfusionista a ajustar bombas de roletes por um método menos oclusivo, a calibração dinâmica. O dispositivo é baseado em um microcontrolador PIC 18F4523 e é utilizado em conjunto com transdutores de pressão descartáveis normalmente utilizados em procedimentos cirúrgicos. Foram determinadas as curvas características de três transdutores de pressão na faixa de 0 a 1000 mmHg. Os resultados das calibrações realizadas com o protótipo desenvolvido foram comparados com os resultados obtidos com uma placa de aquisição de dados comercial. Dois, dos três transdutores, foram submetidos a testes de fadiga e um foi mantido como referência. Para validação do dispositivo, sendo utilizado para realizar calibração dinâmica, foram testados ajustes em 150, 250, 350, 450 e 500 mmHg. Em cada ajuste foram realizadas 8 medições simultâneas de pressão média de calibração dinâmica com o dispositivo e com uma placa de aquisição de dados comercial. Após a realização de todos os testes, os transdutores foram novamente caracterizados. As curvas características dos três transdutores obtidas na caracterização inicial mostraram igualdade estatística (p > 0,05). Após os testes de fadiga não foram observadas alterações nas respostas dos transdutores de pressão no início e após a realização dos testes, nos mesmos pontos de pressão (p > 0,05). As medidas de pressão de calibração dinâmica realizadas com o protótipo apresentaram igualdade estatística (p > 0,05) para toda a faixa de pressão testada, quando comparados com os respectivos resultados obtidos com a placa de aquisição de dados. Conclui-se que os transdutores utilizados atualmente em procedimentos cirúrgicos podem ser utilizados na calibração dinâmica sem perdas de características e que o dispositivo construído pode ser utilizado em ambiente operatório para ajustes de bombas de roletes pelo método de calibração dinâmica / Abstract: Cardiopulmonary bypass is a procedure in which blood circulates outside the body in order to maintain oxygenation and blood flow conditions during the performance of certain surgical procedures; for this procedure, it is used a set of equipments whose function is to temporarily replace the heart and lungs. However, the cardiopulmonary bypass is perceived by the body as an aggressor agent and one of the main parameters related to the damage it causes is hemolysis. The use of driving pumps is a cause of hemolysis in procedures involving cardiopulmonary bypass and one of the main types of driving pumps is the roller pump. Hemolysis caused by the use of roller pump is mainly due to the degree of roller occlusion used. There are two methods commonly used for adjusting the roller pump: the method of drop rate and the dynamic calibration method. In this work, we developed a device to assist the perfusionist adjust roller pumps by a less occlusive method, the dynamic calibration method. The device is based on a PIC 18F4523 microcontroller and is used in conjunction with disposable pressure transducers commonly used in surgical procedures. We have characterized three pressure transducers in the range of 0 to 1000 mmHg. Calibration results obtained with the prototype were compared with those obtained with a data acquisition board. Two of the three transducers were submitted to fatigue tests and one was kept as a reference. To validate the constructed device, being used to perform dynamic calibration, adjustments were at 150, 250, 350, 450 and 500 mmHg, in each set were performed eight simultaneous measurements of dynamic calibration mean pressure with the device and with a data acquisition board. After all tests were conducted, the transducers were re-characterized. The three characteristic curves obtained in the initial characterization showed statistically equivalence (p > 0.05) among themselves. After the fatigue tests no changes were observed in the responses of pressure transducers in the beginning and in the end of the tests, at the same pressure points (p > 0.05). Measurements of dynamic calibration pressure obtained with the prototype showed statistically equivalence (p > 0.05) throughout the tested pressure range, when compared with the results obtained with the data acquisition board. We conclude that the transducers currently used in surgical procedures may be used for dynamic calibration without losing their characteristics and that the constructed device can be used in surgery to adjust the roller pumps by the dynamic calibration method / Mestrado / Engenharia Biomedica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

This thesis presents the design, modeling, and experiment of a novel pressure sensor using a dual-mode AT-cut quartz crystal resonator with beat frequency analysis based temperature compensation technique. The proposed sensor can measure pressure and temperature simultaneously by a single AT-cut quartz resonator. Apart from AT-cut quartz crystal, a newly developed Langasite (LGS) crystal resonator is also considered in the proposed pressure sensor design, since LGS can operate in a higher temperature environment than AT-cut quartz crystal. The pressure sensor is designed using CAD (computer aided design) software and CAE software - COMSOL Multiphysics. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the pressure sensor is performed to analyze the stress- strain of the sensor's mechanical structure. A 3D printing prototype of the sensor is fabricated and the proposed sensing principle is verified using a force-frequency analysis apparatus. Next to the 3D printing model verification, the pressure sensor with stainless steel housing has been fabricated with inbuilt crystal oscillator circuit. The oscillator circuit is used to excite the piezo crystal resonator at its fundamental vibrational mode and give the frequency as an output signal. Based on the FEA and experimental results, it has been concluded that the maximum pressure that the sensor can measure is 45 (psi). The pressure test results performed on the stainless steel product shows a highly linear relationship between the input (pressure) and the output (frequency).

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Systems Science and Industrial Engineering Department, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.