Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Also available in print.

published_or_final_version / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

The European Union (EU) published its first Counter-Terrorism Strategy in December of 2005. After four years of reacting to the major terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001, Madrid in 2004, and London in 2005, the EU has enacted a substantial body of counterterrorism measures across multiple functional areas. The implementation of these actions, however, has not always been consistent or timely, due to a number of issues, including public threat perception, concern over social tensions, and competing national priorities. These roadblocks to a successful counterterrorism policy were often discovered upon new terrorist attacks and a renewed evaluation of EU counterterrorist activity. After the London bombings, the United Kingdom held the EU Presidency and immediately set to work on a strategy to counter terrorism, both similar and subordinate to the 2003 European Security Strategy, which specifically listed terrorism and weapons of mass destruction amoung the top five threats to the EU. The new strategy of 2005 outlines EU efforts over the long term and provides a tool for public information. Despite the EU's embrace of its new strategy, the document has many shortcomings. Evaluation of this strategy against a series of counterterrorism best practices accumulated from the work of functional and scholarly experts shows several areas in which the effectiveness of this strategy to successfully affect terrorism is severely limited. In all, the European Union Counter-Terrorism Strategy serves limited use as a strategy document, but does serve to guide the EU's efforts in fighting terrorism, as well as deepen EU integration in security affairs and in justice and law enforcement.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States exposed the vulnerability of democracy to such actions. An adequate response requires U.S. counterterrorist policy to interact with broader U.S. foreign policy, a difficult and complex balancing act that often handicaps or limits potential gains in the "war against terrorism." In Southeast Asia separatists and extremist groups use terrorism as it is much more likely to lead to the undermining of fragile governments. Any one country, regardless of that nation's power or influence within the region, cannot counter terrorism in Southeast Asia. To be effective, counterterrorism demands understanding the terrorist's psychology, motivations and goals. The challenge presented by the region's geography requires the shared use of counterterrorist assets including intelligence, military force and international cooperation in policing and upholding international law and covenant. Identifying the nature of the terrorist threat must be the key element to U.S. policy. The diverse nature of terrorism and its various causes within the region must first be understood before being effectively countered. U.S. efforts must be guided by a balanced approach that looks not only at removing the terrorist, but removing the terrorist's raison d'etre. / Major, United States Marine Corps

No description available.

Thesis (M. P. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Background Pressure ulcer prevention has been an important and a common health care problem in every health care setting. Pressure ulcers are the clinical situation that can be avoided. To prevent pressure ulcer, the main strategy is to reduce either the pressure contact time, or magnitude of pressure, between a patient and his or her support surface. Pressure-relieving support surfaces are shown to be effective in preventing the development of pressure ulcer with strong evidence support. In Hong Kong, the low compliance of the ward staff to apply pressure-relieving support surfaces for at risk patients is compared with other countries. Therefore, a feasible evidence-based guideline of using pressure-relieving support surfaces to prevent pressure ulcers stands out from the multi-interventions pressure ulcer prevention guideline to maximize its effectiveness in this clinical issue. Purpose Reviewing the needs in modifying the current clinical practice and guidelines in local setting, the aim of the dissertation is to develop evidence-based guidelines for prevention of pressure ulcers using pressure‐relieving support surface for bedbound elderly. The findings are used to develop recommendations for nursing guideline to prevent pressure ulcers through the utilization of pressure‐relieving support surface in Hong Kong public hospital setting. Methods Four electronic databases published from 1937 to 2012 were searched. All the studies extracted were randomised controlled trials while focusing on using pressure-relieving support surfaces to prevent pressure ulcers of adult patients. The quality of each study was assessed by a methodology checklist, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network in order to justify the level of evidence of the studies’ internal validity. Conclusion From the evidence, the clearest conclusion that can be drawn is that a range of pressure‐relieving mattresses and overlays in the prevention of pressure ulcers can outperform the standard hospital mattress. It can be applied to any health care settings. The reviewed studies have shown that pressure‐relieving mattresses are effective on at risk patients, especially they are in advanced age with low mobility. Therefore, this evidence-based guidelines will serve in the medical rehabilitation wards to reduce the number of elderly from developing pressure ulcer after using the pressure‐relieving supporting surfaces. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing