Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Berkeley, May 1927. / Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 41-42.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 81 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-79).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-143). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains one of this country's leading cause of mortality. This study has concentrated on the development of a functional biscuit, which will reduce selected risk factors for heart disease, in particular elevated serum homocysteine. The developed biscuit contains vitamins Be, Bi 2, and folic acid, all of which have been shown to be important in homocysteine metabolism. There were a number of criteria that had to be met for the author to receive the full support of Burton's Foods: (1) The biscuit must remain commercially viable and be accepted by the consumer. (2) Enzymes should not be used in the preparation of the dough. (3) The jam could not be modified in any way. Without exception, these have been successfully achieved. Jammie Dodgers were selected as the control product for a number of reasons. They are one of the UK's best selling biscuits and are consumed by both children and adults. This makes the target number of consumers very large. In addition, the standard product is high in both fat and sugar, its modification into a health promoting biscuit was therefore technically challenging. The product resulting from this project is commercially viable; it is low in fat and sugar, contains the vitamins that will deliver the full RNI on consumption of just two biscuits daily, and is not significantly different to the control product. The product is also palatable. Clinical trials have demonstrated that following consumption of the product, serum homocysteine, an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, has been significantly reduced. In addition, there appears to be a relationship with consumption of the modified biscuit and a fall in serum lipoprotein(a). It is possible to reduce selected mutable risk factors associated with heart disease, simply by the daily consumption of a product that is liked and consumed by a great number of people. As far as the author is aware, there has been no other development of this kind prior to this study, i.e. a biscuit that will reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by lowering serum homocysteine. This biscuit is therefore the first of its kind.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sarah Sheffer, for the Master of Science degree in Food and Nutrition, presented on September 3, 2009, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: "R. U. A. HEALTHY KID?"- NON-INVASIVE SCREENING FOR RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES AT VIENNA GRADE SCHOOL MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Sharon Peterson It is estimated that 1 in 3 children born after the year 2000 will develop some form of diabetes (CDC, 2007). Through Public Act 92-0703, the state of Illinois has started requiring screening for T2DM at the 6th and 9th grade school physicals following the ADA guidelines (IDHS, 2006). The ADA recommends screening children ten and older with a BMI ≥ 85th percentile for two additional risk factors for T2DM (ethnic minority, positive family history of T2DM, hypertension, acanthosis nigricans) (ADA, 2000). While much research has been done, few studies in the U.S. have looked at traditionally "low risk" populations (Sinha 2002, Whitaker 2004, Arslanian 2005). Our study sought to further understand the prevalence of risk factors in a predominantly Caucasian elementary school (K-8 grade). Our study (N=299) found approximately 67% of students to have 1 or more risk factors for T2DM and classified 17 students "at risk" for T2DM. Following Illinois Public Act 92-0703, only 1 student would have been identified "at risk" for T2DM. When comparing "at risk" status, all risk factors except ethnicity were found statistically significant (p< 0.001). Hypertensive "at risk" students were more likely to be morbidly obese (p< 0.001). Our study also found more risk factors as BMI increased.

Randomized trials provide support for the Body Project, an eating disorder prevention program wherein young women with body image concerns critique the thin ideal, which putatively reduces pursuit of this unrealistic ideal as a result of dissonance-induction. Despite medium to large effects, some Body Project participants subsequently develop an eating disorder during 3-year study follow-up, suggesting intervention or recruitment procedures could be improved. This study was the first to delineate the heterogeneous pathways of eating disorder symptom trajectories among Body Project versus control group participants during 3-year study follow-up. This study also investigated the predictive role of baseline risk factors on qualitatively distinct developmental pathways of eating disorder symptomology, helping to explain contributing factors to suboptimal Body Project response. Existing data from three randomized controlled trials were combined to examine response trajectories of prevention intervention versus control participants through 3-year follow-up. Group-Based Trajectory Modeling distinguished distinct response trajectories and the impact of prevention on mitigating the developmental course of eating disorder symptoms. The three-group solution for control participants produced the strongest model fit. The resulting trajectories were those of low-stable, moderate-stable, or high-variable levels of eating disorder symptom courses. Dietary restraint and negative affect predicted increased likelihood of membership in the high-risk trajectory. The optimal solution for Body Project participants was a two-group trajectory model with low-decreasing or high-decreasing trajectories, with the moderate-level risk group observed in the control group seemingly deflected by prevention effects. This study also determined the predictive role of risk factors on qualitatively distinct developmental pathways of eating disorder symptomology, confirming the hypothesized impact of thin-ideal internalization, negative affect, and dietary restraint on sub-optimal prevention response. The results of this novel study supplement developmental research regarding eating disorder symptom predictors and course, ultimately informing future design and adaptation of evidence-based eating disorder prevention programs.

This is a review paper on the usage of smokeless tobacco, snus. A narrative view of published papers and other date sources (for example, internet-base information) on snus use, use of other tobacco products, and changes in health status in Sweden and Norway. The snus consumption have increased substantially during the recent decades and today more than every fifth male adult uses snus daily in Norway and Sweden. Some of the publications made from snus are written in Scandinavia, and therefore some of the papers are directly translated from Scandinavian into English. It must be emphasized that this is not a study on snus, rather a review paper. This text will shortly be about the dramatic increase in snus usage among adults in Scandinavia, mainly Sweden and Norway the last decade and their short and longterm effects. In the recent times the tobacco industry has been active in developing and marketing new products that might be perceived as less harmful to health than typical cigarettes. At the same time, there has been an increasingly vigorous debate within the public health community over the most appropriate response to the new products being developed by the industry. In this debate, public health advocates have been mindful of the historical precedents set by previous tobacco industry attempts to...

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: The purpose of this study was to test an interactive educational program for older adults on preventing accidental falls. Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study evaluating the helpfulness of an interactive educational program. English speaking residents were recruited from five independent senior living communities in Arizona. The intervention consisted of a 30-minute interactive PowerPoint presentation followed by a 10-minute question and answer session. Information provided during the presentation focused on information from the CDC and the Fall Prevention Center of Excellence. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire to rate the helpfulness of the program. The primary dependent variable was overall helpfulness of the educational session. Other variables included: intention of changing future behavior related to preventing falls, whether participants would recommend the program to others, participant perception of gained knowledge, change in fear of falling, and interest in meeting with pharmacist to discuss medications. Categorical data was analyzed by calculating frequencies and percentages and continuous data by calculating means and SDs. A t-test for independent groups was used to compare men and women. Main Results: A total of 93 individuals attended the presentations. Out of 81 completed surveys, 5 did not indicate gender, 7 additional did not indicate age, and 6 were over 89 years of age. Demographic data for the men and women was similar. 90% of participants indicated that the program was either "very helpful" or "moderately helpful". 92% of participants responded “absolutely yes” or “likely” that they would recommend the program. No participants strongly disagreed that they had a better understanding of fall risks or medications that increase fall risk. 87% of participants responded “absolutely yes” or “likely” that they plan to increase daily exercise . 42% of participants said it was “not likely” that they plan to make changes in their living environment. Conclusions: An interactive educational program on fall safety and prevention is helpful for older adults. As one of the most widely accessible health care providers, pharmacists and pharmacy students are well suited to provide patient education and improve outcomes. The results of this study provide preliminary data supporting the usefulness of a patient education program on fall safety prevention administered by pharmacy students.