This exploratory study ( n =55) informs efforts aimed at addressing the problem of collegiate high-risk drinking by evaluating the effectiveness of three methods for teaching standard drink measures to first-year college students. These methods include the use of numeric measures in ounces, two-dimensional (2-D) images, and three-dimensional (3-D) models. All of these represent the appropriate volume for four standard drinks—beer, wine, hard alcohol, and alcohol contained in one mixed drink—as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). By increasing students’ knowledge of standard drink measures and their own accurate pouring ability, they may improve their efficacious use of protective strategies, including tracking of the number of drinks they consume. In this study, when the distinction between over-pouring and under-pouring was eliminated and the absolute values of the percentages of inaccurate pouring became the focus, all three interventions were found to improve the accuracy of the ability to pour standard-size mixed drinks. Although violations to some of the statistical assumptions underlying ANOVA precluded use of this inferential technique to directly compare the three interventions, the data analytic approaches used did suggest that both the 2-D and the 3-D interventions may be more beneficial, overall, than the NIAAA numerical intervention. Associations between knowledge of standard drink measures, self-efficacy in pouring standard drinks, self-efficacy in using protective strategies, use of protective strategies, pouring accuracy, alcohol consumption, and negative consequences associated with alcohol usage were explored. Use of 3-D standard drink models offers prevention educators a simple yet potentially more effective method for teaching students and can be conducted easily in a variety of educational settings. Additionally, this type of education may ultimately improve the accuracy of data collection on student drinking. Suggestions for both administrators and further research are presented.

The thesis deals with the prevention of lifestyle diseases in the elderly, is focused on cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus II. type. In the theoretical part, I describe the specifics of senior age. Consequently, the theoretical part deals with the the cardiovascular diseases that occur in the elderly and diabetes mellitus II. type, risk and protective factors for these diseases. In the practical part I focuse on the survey, which examines the level of awareness of seniors on cardiovascular diseases and diseases of diabetes mellitus II. type, the differences in awareness between men and women and relationship between level of education and awareness. The questionnaire survey was attended by 98 respondents. The questionnaire contained 12 questions that examined how respondents are aware of the issue. The obtained data were collected in January and February 2014, and subsequent evaluation in March and April 2014. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods. Identified responses were transformed into single tables and compared. Was examined overall awareness of the difference in awareness in relation to sex and then examined the effect of education on awareness issues.

Sex education through the public school system has been identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an excellent vehicle by which HIV prevention education can be presented to students, thereby decreasing the rate of HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). However, YMSM continue to be at high risk for HIV infection in the United States despite educational efforts to prevent infection. The purpose of this qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was to explore what impact school-based HIV prevention education had on YMSM in the past, and what effect that education has had on their current sexual behaviors. The theoretical foundation for this study was the health belief model. Individual 1-hour interviews were conducted with 13 YMSM (ages 21-35) who received HIV prevention education in California. Interviews were analyzed for common themes using a phenomenological approach. Results of this study suggest that participants were not utilizing safer techniques taught in the school HIV prevention education because there was a lack of curriculum consistency, LGBTQ content, and classroom management, and the impact of stigma and homophobia on YMSM. These results support the health belief model. Findings support that positive social change can be achieved by providing standardized, all-inclusive, non-judgmental, HIV prevention education program, in a classroom environment where it is safe to receive same-sex sexual information. This should decrease the number of HIV+ test results among YMSM.

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Title: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in drummers Objectives: The aim of this study is to collect literature resources focusing on the field of performing arts medicine in musicians with a special focus on drummers. The main focus will be directed on the therapeutic, preventive, educational and ergonomic influence of musculoskeletal disabilities. Methods: This is a literature review, written mainly from foreign sources in English. Electronic databases like Pubmed, Pedro, Science Direct, Springer and Wiley were used. Special attention was given to studies that describe health problems of musicians associated with playing drums. Instrument ergonomics, prevention and education in this field is also described. Results: 128 studies corresponded to the entry criteria. 88 of these studies were devoted to health problems of playing a musical instrument in general, 5 studies were directly addressing particular health risks associated with playing drums. Another 11 studies were describing percussionists within a larger sample of musicians. Conclusion: There are not many studies dealing with health issues associated with playing the drums. Their authors are often speaking from personal experience. On the internet, there is a number of websites containing information about the most common ailments...

In the San Bernardino City Unified School District, Positive Prevention: HIV/STD Prevention Education for California Schools Grades 7-12, Second Edition (Positive Prevention) by Clark & Ridley (2000) is used as the curriculum for ninth grade. In evaluating the curriculum, it is of key importance to first determine if this curriculum is being taught as it was designed, or with fidelity. Fidelity is affected by the comfort, confidence, competence and commitment of the personnel presenting the curriculum.